Ulanfu

Born December 23, 1906 in the village of Tumut Tabu, Guihua City, Shanxi Province. In 1923 he joined the Socialist Youth Union of China .

In 1925, Ulanfu joined the Chinese Communist Party . He graduated from the Sun Yat-sen Institute in Moscow ^[4] , which lasted until 1930. Many future prominent politicians and statesmen of China of the twentieth century studied there: Deng Xiaoping, Wang Ming, Qing Bansyan, Zhang Wentian, Yang Shankun, Ye Jianying and others. From September 1925 to June 1929, Ulanfu also studied with them. The university was headed by famous Bolsheviks - Karl Radek, Pavel Myth and V.I. Weger. Comprehending the "science of revolution" in young Soviet Russia, Chinese students closely watched the revolutionary movement in their country, met with Stalin, Trotsky, Bukharin, Krupskaya, Sun Yat-sen's widow - Sun Qinglin, Hu Hanmin, Xiang Zhongfa, Qu Quiubo, Zhou Enlai, Zhang Gotao, Feng Yuxiang and other political leaders of both states.

After returning to his homeland, Ulanfu immediately actively engaged in revolutionary activity, leading the Mongolian masses in China. Until February 1936, Ulanfu conducted propaganda and intelligence work directed against the Japanese invaders, holding the post of acting head of the Political Department in the CCP secretariat.

After the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War, he led the relevant military forces to block the Japanese in the Guiqi and Heihe areas. Later, Ulanfu moved to the Shenmu and Fugu areas in the northern part of Shaanxi province, where he continued his activities. In April 1938, he became a member of the CPC Working Committee, and in May of that year, he became the acting head of the Political Department of the Third Division of the People's Revolutionary Army. He took part in blocking the Japanese armed forces in the Yellow River area. In August 1941, on the instructions of the party, Ulanfu was sent to Yan'an, where he took over the post of head of the Ethnic Affairs Committee of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region and head of the education department at Yan'an National College. In August 1943, he was responsible for Mongolian affairs in the department of the United Front of the Northwest Bureau. In 1945, at the VIIth Congress of the CCP, he was elected a candidate member of the Central Committee (CC).

With the active assistance of Ulanfu, an autonomy movement for Inner Mongolia was created, where he was a political commissar and also headed the Political-Military University. During the Sino-Japanese War, the Japanese created the puppet state of Menjiang in Inner Mongolia, which lasted until 1945 and was disbanded as a result of the victorious actions of the Soviet and Mongolian (MPR) armed forces. On the instructions of the CCP, Ulanfu was sent to the Inner Mongolia region to control the situation.

On May 1, 1947, the People's Congress of Inner Mongolia elected Ulanfu as Chairman of the Autonomous Government of Inner Mongolia. He also became the commander and political commissar of the military district and a member of the Northeast Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. Thus, a stable political power was established in the region. They were ordered to liquidate the remaining gangs in the territory entrusted to him. As a military merit, Ulanfu can be noted his participation in the Liaoshen battle and the battle of Tianjin. He made a great contribution to the liberation of the north-eastern and northern regions of China from the Japanese invaders.

After the formation of the PRC, he was the founder of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the party secretary and chairman of Inner Mongolia in 1947-1966/67 ^[5] . The first director of the Central Institute of National Minorities established in June 1951 in Beijing ^[6] .

In 1954-1975, Chairman of the Committee on Nationalities. In 1947-1966 he was the head of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. In June 1951, the Central Institute for National Minorities was established in Beijing and Ulanfu became its first director. In September 1954, he was appointed Deputy Prime Minister and Chairman of the Committee on Nationality Affairs, continuing to serve as the party and military head of the AWP, heading both the local university and the second secretary of the Northeast Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and chairman of the China People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) ) AWM. Since September 1955, Ulanf was awarded the rank of General of the People’s Liberation Army of China (PLA) as one of the 57 generals and he was simultaneously awarded the Medal for the Liberation of the 1st degree. In 1956, at the VIIIth Congress of the CPC, he was elected a member of the Central Committee, after which at the first plenary meeting he became a candidate member of the Political Bureau of the CPC, that is, the leader of the party and state. Since then, he was also the second and third deputy prime minister of the State Council of the PRC.

In the early years of the “cultural revolution,” Ulanfu was criticized for nationalist views. He was even called the "Mongol Prince". In August 1966, he was placed under house arrest. At the VIII Congress, the CPC came up with a new interpretation of national politics in China and deepening the nationalization of the party’s governing bodies ^[7] . On April 13, 1967, the CPC Central Committee issued a directive consisting of 8 provisions, “Decision on the Correct Resolution of Issues in Inner Mongolia”. One of the main provisions of the directive was the removal of Ulanfu from all posts. In mid-April 1967, Ulanfu was arrested ^[8] during the repression in Inner Mongolia on charges of participating in the creation of the People’s Party. The initiator of the case of the "Anti-Party Treasonous Clique of Ulanfu" was Kang Sheng , head of the department for protecting the CPC Central Committee and the State Council. One of the main points of this document was the removal of Ulanfu from all posts.

However, in May 1972, at a workshop to prepare for the 10th Congress of the CCP, the release of 13 old party members, including Ulanfu, was announced. A positive role in this was played by Zhou Enlai. Already in 1973, Ulanfu was rehabilitated. At the Xth Congress of the CPC, he was elected a member of the CPC Central Committee, and in January 1975 he became deputy chairman of the committee on nationalities. After the defeat of the “gang of four,” he was appointed head of the Joint Military Department of the CPC Central Committee. In August 1977, at the XIth Congress of the CPC, Ulanfu became a member of the Political Bureau of the CPC ^[9] , and in 1978 he was elected deputy chairman of the PC NPC of the fifth convocation.

At the XIIth Congress of the CPC in 1982, he and some other comrades took the initiative to withdraw from the CPC Central Committee. Their request was granted and Ulanfu ceased to be a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee. In June 1983, he was replaced by another deputy. However, in April 1988, Ulanfu again took the post of deputy chairman of the NPC SC of the seventh convocation, which after 1982 became known as the deputy chairman of the PRC. Li Xiannian, Chairman of the People’s Republic of China (until 1982, who was called the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress ) He did not work in this position for long, since on December 18, 1988, he passed away in Beijing in the 82nd year.

For many years, in the course of his political activities, Ulanfu paid close attention to the national question. This is due to the fact that China was originally and now remains a multi-ethnic multinational country. The contribution made by Ulanfu to the development of AWS is difficult to overestimate. After his passing away from the life of the Central Committee of the CPC and the PC, the NPC also published an obituary, where he described Comrade Ulanfu as "a long-proven Communist fighter, an outstanding leader of the party and country, an outstanding proletarian revolutionary and an outstanding leader of national work."

On December 23, 1992, the Ulanfu Memorial Hall was opened in the capital of AWM Hohhot. In October 2000, the memorial hall was renamed the "Demonstration Base for the Education of National Patriotism." Ulanfu's selected works were published in 1999. This edition was attended by Jiang Zemin, Secretary General of the Chinese Communist Party.

In December 2006, the CCP held a commemorative conference dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of Ulanfu. In 2007, the historical epic "Spring arrives early in the meadows" was broadcast on the PRC Central Television and talked about the activities of Ulanfu during the revolution. On March 15, 2019, the International Seminar of National Theory of Comrade Ulanfu was held at the Residence for Honored Guests of Diaoyutai.

He was married twice and had 8 children from these marriages - 4 sons and 4 daughters.

The son of Ulanfu - Buche served as chairman of the regional legislative assembly of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (ARVM) from 1982 to 1993.

The granddaughter of Ulanfu (daughter of Buche) - Bu Xiaolin - was appointed Acting Chairperson of the ARWM Legislative Assembly in March 2016 [1] . Now she is a member of the Standing Committee of the All-China Assembly of People's Representatives (PC NPC) and the chairman of the autonomous regional government of Inner Mongolia.

The other son of Ulanfu, Uji, was the mayor of Baotou, one of the largest cities of AWP, the second largest in the area.

Another granddaughter of Ulanfu - Jing Bo [2] - is currently successfully working as Deputy Secretary General of the Friendship Fund of the Peoples of China and Russia.

• A statement to Ulanf in connection with the death of L. I. Brezhnev. The Truth November 14, 1982
• Solemn meeting on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Ulanfu
• On March 15, 2019, the International Seminar of National Theory of Comrade Ulanfu was held at the Residence for Honored Guests of Diaoyutai. CCTV
• On March 15, 2019, the International Seminar of National Theory of Comrade Ulanfu was held at the Residence for Honored Guests of Diaoyutai. NMGnews
• On March 15, 2019, the International Seminar of National Theory of Comrade Ulanfu was held at the Residence for Honored Guests of Diaoyutai. ORKD