White Spirit ( born White Spirit - literally "white spirit"); it is nefras -C4-155 / 200 or Stoddard solvent ( English Stoddard solvent ) - gasoline-solvent , a mixture of liquid aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons . It is obtained by direct distillation of oil , sometimes with additional hydrotreating . In Australia, it is known as shellite . Density at 20 ° С is not more than 0.795 g / cm 3 , begins to boil at a temperature not higher than 165 ° С, boils within 155 (160) - 200 ° С, sulfur content is not more than 0.025% (for pure white spirit) [1 ] [2] . In this case, the mass fraction of aromatic hydrocarbons should not exceed 16%.
White spirit is mainly used as a solvent in the paint industry, for diluting oil paints , alkyd enamels and varnishes , mastic based on bitumen and rubber . Well dissolves all petroleum fractions, vegetable oils and fats, organic compounds of sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen.
Although white spirit is not usually sold as a fuel, it may well be used as an alternative to kerosene for portable stoves, since it is only light kerosene.
In Russia, product standards are set by the standard GOST 3134-78. Nephras-C4-155 / 205 with the trade name White-spirit, but produced according to technical conditions and having lower quality, has become widespread on the Russian market.
According to the degree of impact on the body, white spirit belongs to the 4th hazard class (low hazard substances) according to GOST 12.1.007-76.
Content
Storage
White spirit is recommended to be stored in a tightly closed, but not sealed container in a cool, well-ventilated place, not subject to direct sunlight. Do not manipulate, store, or open containers near a flame, heat source, or source of ignition. Do not reuse empty containers without special cleaning or recycling.
Human Impact
Working with white spirit is recommended in gloves, while being in a ventilated room.
- Inhalation of vapors . Concentrations of vapors above the recommended level cause irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract, may cause headaches, dizziness, anesthesia or other negative effects from exposure to the central nervous system .
- Inhalation . A small amount of fluid that has entered the respiratory tract if swallowed or is vomited may cause bronchopneumonia or pulmonary edema. Minimal toxicity.
- Skin contact . Low level of toxicity. Frequent or prolonged contact may defat and dry the skin, followed by irritation and dermatitis .
- Eye contact . Causes tearing and superficial irritation, but does not damage the eye tissue.
- Chronic exposure . White spirit may contain 0.1-1% ethylbenzene . The International Agency for the Study of Cancer has classified ethylbenzene as “probably carcinogenic to humans” and categorized it as category 2B (English) , which is based on a sufficient number of indications of carcinogenicity in experimental animals, but an insufficient number of indications of cancer on unprotected people.
Notes
- ↑ Oil solvents - article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .
- ↑ Drinberg S. А., Itzko EF Petroleum solvents // Solvents for paints and varnishes: Reference manual. - 2nd ed., Pererab. and add. - L .: Chemistry , 1986. - P. 31—34. - 208 s.
Literature
- GOST 3134-78. White Spirit. Technical conditions .
- Puchkov N. G., Zabryansky E. I., Malyavinsky L. V. Commodity petroleum products, their properties and use. Handbook / Ed. Puchkova NG - M .: Chemistry , 1971. - 414 p.
- Oil products, M., 1970.
- Folders K. K., Ragozin N. A., Technical Dictionary-Handbook on Fuels and Oils, 3rd ed., M., 1963.
Links
- White spirit - an article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .
- White spirit . stroimit.ru. The appeal date is July 6, 2015.