The dark-winged pestle [1] , or the Sappho pestle [2] , or the Sappho pestle [3] ( Latin Neptis sappho ) is a day butterfly from the nymphalide family .
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Content
Title
The Latin name comes from the name of the ancient Greek poetess Sappho ( 630/612 - 572/570 BC ) from the island of Lesbos .
Description
The length of the front wing of the imago is 18-27 mm. The top of the wings is from dark brown to black, with many large and smaller white spots and bandages. On the hind wing there are two white bandages, of which the median band is wider, and the postdiscal band splits into separate spots. On the front wing there is a narrow marginal white stripe. There is a narrow triangular spot in the central cell of the fore wing. The underside is reddish-brown, with white spots repeating the white elements of the top. Females are larger than males and carry wider white bandages on their wings.
Typical location: Mount Kabatskaya, the vicinity of Usolye, Shigonsky district, Samara province.
Distribution
Balkan Peninsula , Slovenia , Austria , Slovakia , Hungary , Eastern Europe , Central , Eastern and Southeast Asia . A local species distributed in the Carpathians (in the lower zone of the mountains up to 500 m above sea level), in the Hungarian and Lower Danube lowlands. In the northern Carpathian region it reaches the Ukrainian-Polish border, but in Poland itself it is considered extinct (in Lower Silesia and at the only known point in the Yaroslav region in the south-east of the country it was not noted after 1967 ) [4] [5] . In the Czech Republic (the western border of the historical range), it is also considered extinct - it was not noted after 1945 [6] . The species was indicated by E. Ballion and N. Arnold for the Mogilev region of Belarus , but over the past century it has not been recorded on the territory of the republic and probably has disappeared by now. From the Carpathians extends to the east in a narrow strip along the southern border of the forest-steppe along the territory of northern Moldova and Ukraine . Further, the range expands and the species is locally observed along the Smolensk-Moscow and Central Russian hills up to the Kirov region in the north, the South Urals in the east, the Kursk region and Adygea in the south. No species are found in the Lower Pridonye [5] .
Lifestyle
Habitats
Glades, edges, roadsides under the canopy of sparse deciduous forests, areas near rivers and other bodies of water - here plants grow on which the caterpillars of the Sappho pied parsley develop.
Caterpillar Feed Plants
The rank is Lathyrus ( L. ), especially the spring rank is Lathyrus vernus ( Bernh. ) And the black rank is Lathyrus niger ( Bernh. ). Since the fifties of the XX century, in Austria , Southern Slovakia and Slovenia, also robinia pseudoacacia - Robinia pseudoacacia ( L. ). Pseudo-Robinia originates from North America , where Papushka Sappho does not occur. Naturalized throughout Europe , in the temperate zone of Asia , etc. [6]
Flight Time
In the north of the range, it develops in one generation and butterflies fly from mid-June to the end of August. Two generations are noted in the south and years pass from the beginning of May to the end of August. The female lays 1 egg per sheet of a fodder plant. The stage of the egg lasts 8-10 days. A young caterpillar winters. Pupils on the leaves or on the branches of a tree head down. The pupal stage lasts 6-14 days.
Similar species in Europe
- Meadow pestle - Neptis rivularis (Scopoli, 1763)
- Small Ribbon - Limenitis camilla (Linnaeus, 1764)
- Bluish Ribbon - Limenitis reducta (Staudinger, 1901)
Security Notes
In the Red Book of the World Conservation Union, the species has the 4th category of protection (NT) - a taxon that is not endangered, but close to it, having adverse trends in the surrounding territories or depending on the measures taken to protect it. It is included in the Red Book of the Moscow Region , Russia (1998) (2 category) [5] .
Notes
- ↑ Striganova B.R. , Zakharov A.A. The Bilingual Dictionary of Animal Names: Insects (Latin-Russian-English-German-French) /Ed. Dr. biol. sciences, prof. B.R. Striganova . - M .: RUSSO, 2000 .-- S. 269. - 1060 copies. - ISBN 5-88721-162-8 .
- ↑ Lvovsky A.L. , Morgun D.V. Qualifiers for the flora and fauna of Russia. Issue 8 // Lepidoptera Lepidoptera of Eastern Europe. - M .: Partnership of scientific publications of KMK, 2007. - P. 104. - 2000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-87317-362-4 .
- ↑ Korshunov Yu. P. Qualifiers for the flora and fauna of Russia // Lepidoptera Lepidoptera in North Asia. Issue 4. - M .: KMK Scientific Publications Partnership, 2002. - P. 55. - ISBN 5-87317-115-7 .
- ↑ Yaroslav Bushko, Atlas rozmieszczenia motyli dziennych w Polsce, 1986-1995 (Toruń: Turpress, 1997, ISBN 83-86781-40-8 ).
- ↑ 1 2 3 www.ecosystema.ru - Pestruska Sappfo
- ↑ 1 2 Mapování a ochrana motýlů České republiky - Neptis sappho
Literature
- Morgun D.V. Lepidoptera Lepidoptera in European Russia and neighboring countries. Qualifier-reference book. - M .: MGSYUN, 2002. - S. 93. - 208 p.
Links
- www.ecosystema.ru - Pestruska Sappho. . Date of treatment September 18, 2009. Archived on April 7, 2012.
- Bestimmungshilfe für die in Europa nachgewiesenen Schmetterlingsarten. Neptis sappho. (German) . Date of treatment September 18, 2009. Archived on April 7, 2012.
- www.lepidoptera.pl - Neptis sappho. (Polish) . Date of treatment September 18, 2009. Archived on April 7, 2012.
- Mapování a ochrana motýlů České republiky. Bělopásek hrachorový - Neptis sappho. (Czech) . Date of treatment September 18, 2009. Archived on April 7, 2012.