Rar, Gleb Aleksandrovich

Gleb Aleksandrovich Rahr came from a merchant family belonging to the estate Hereditary honorary citizens of the Russian Empire .

His grandfather Alexander Fedorovich Rar (1849–1912) was the director of the Moscow branch of the insurance company "Russia", which owned the building at Lubyanka No. 2 - the future The building of state security organs at Lubyanka .

His father, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Rahr (1885-1952), in the First World War with the rank of lieutenant in the 3rd Grenadier Artillery Brigade, fought on the Galician front. The October Revolution caught him in the infirmary, after which he, as an officer, was interned in the first Moscow concentration camp in the Andronik monastery . After the death of his first wife Elizabeth Lvovna Gotye-Dufaye (1890–1920), he married Natalia Sergeyevna Yudina (1897–1980), the mother of G. A. Rahr. Her brother Sergey Sergeevich Yudin (1891-1954) was a famous Soviet surgeon who was awarded many honorary titles and awards.

A. Rahr's cousin, Colonel Vladimir Fedorovich Rahr (1880-1919), in the October battles of 1917 for Moscow, led the defense of the barracks of the cadet corps in Lefortovo , then participated in the defense of the Kremlin, and later as deputy most brilliant prince A. P. Liven fought with the Bolsheviks in the Baltic.

Since the ancestors of Rarov came from the island of Ezel (now Saaremaa ), the family was moved in 1924 to become independent Estonia as a “ class enemy ” after the revolution, but soon moved to Liepaja (formerly Libava ) in Latvia . Here G. A. Rahr graduated from a German gymnasium. After entering the Red Army in Latvia in 1940, Raram, thanks to a German family in 1941, on the basis of a German-Soviet agreement on the relocation of Baltic Germans, managed to leave for Germany on one of the last German ships, where they refused to receive German citizenship ^[1] and quickly joined life of the old Russian emigration .

Since 1942, G. A. Rahr studied at the Faculty of Architecture in Breslau (now - Wroclaw ), where he participated in the creation of the Orthodox community. At that time, he joined the National Labor Union (NTS) (now the People’s Labor Union of Russian Solidarists ). Created by the young generation of white émigrés in Belgrade in 1930 , this organization during the German war with the Soviet Union supported the Russian Liberation Movement and had close ties with the underground German opposition. One of the adjutants of General A. A. Vlasov was Gleb Aleksandrovich's brother, L. A. Rar . In order to stop the influence of the NTS on the Russian Liberation Movement, the German authorities in June 1944 arrested a number of members of the NTS, including G. A. Rahr, who was first imprisoned in the Gestapo prison in Breslau , where he and G. Poloshkin-Pose it was possible, on fragments of envelopes glued by prisoners, to produce two issues of the hand-written magazine Nabat Behind Grid ^[2] . Then G. A. Rahr was imprisoned in the concentration camps of Gross-Rosen , Sachsenhausen , Schlieben , Buchenwald , Langensalza and Dachau . Here he was liberated by American troops on April 29, 1945 .

After the war, the Rars were at first in the camp of displaced persons in Möngegófef near Kassel , then settled in Hamburg , where G. A. Rahr graduated from the university’s architectural department, actively participated in church life and worked as secretary of the Bishop Nathanael (Lvov) , Bishop of the Russian Church Abroad in the British the occupation zone of Germany .

Journalistic Activities

Since the end of 1947, G. A. Rahr worked in the émigré publishing house Posev in Frankfurt am Main . In 1949–1950, he and his family were in French Morocco , where he worked in an architectural bureau, participated in the formation of the ROCOR parish in Casablanca , was a member of the scout movement , and at the same time was head of the African Department of the Russian Young Intelligence ( ORYUR ).

Since 1950, G. A. Rahr worked on the NTS in Germany. From West Berlin he tried to spread anti-communist propaganda in the Soviet zone of Germany. He participated in the Conferences of the Four Powers in 1954 in Berlin and Geneva , as well as at the III Congress of the "Inter-American Confederation for the Protection of the Continent" in 1957 in Lima .

On October 6, 1957, G. A. Rahr in Brussels married Sophia Vasilyevna Orekhova (born May 31, 1932), daughter of Captain Vasily Vasilyevich Orekhov (1896–1990), participant of the First World War and the White Movement , leader of the Russian All-Military Union ( EMRO ), one of the founders of the Russian National Association (RNO) and the publisher of the magazine “ Chasovoy ” (the communications body of Russian officers abroad).

From 1957 to 1960, he worked at the Free Russia radio station in Formosa ( Taiwan ), from 1960 to 1963 in Tokyo, he directed Russian-language broadcasts of Japanese radio and the Far Eastern department of the American University of Maryland . From 1963 to 1974, he worked at Posev Publishing House in Frankfurt, was on the editorial board of Posev magazine, and on the Council of the NTS.

In 1972, G. A. Rahr, together with I. I. Agruzov, participated in the creation of the International Society for Human Rights (IOL) in Frankfurt, which stood up for political prisoners in the Soviet Union ^[3] .

From 1974 to 1995, Gleb Aleksandrovich worked at Radio Liberty in Munich, where he broadcasted religious programs, as well as the Baltic Lighthouse, Russia Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow, and Not All the Bread programs. For many people in the Soviet Union, his religious transmissions during the Cold War years were the only way to get reliable information about the situation of the Russian Orthodox Church ^[4] .

Church activities

In addition to his extensive journalistic activities, Subdeacon Gleb Rahr was a well-known church leader. In the years 1967-1968, as a member of the construction committee, he took an active part in the construction of the Orthodox St. Nicholas Church in Frankfurt am Main. In particular, G. A. Rahr then took over the order of the bells and personally took care of all the details in the old factory in Saarburg . Inscriptions and crosses on the bells were cast according to his drawings. The chandeliers of the church were also made on them.

For many years, Rahr was a member of the Diocesan Council of the German Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia ( ROCOR ), in parish councils in Frankfurt and Munich , was one of the most important figures of the “Orthodox Cause” serving to spread the faith in the USSR , was one of the founders of the world-famous Swiss Institute Faith in the Second World "(Glaube in der 2. Welt). Subdeacon Gleb Rahr participated in the III All-Diaspora Sobor of the ROCOR in 1974 in New York , where he spoke on the situation of the church in the USSR. With such reports, he has repeatedly spoken around the world, the culmination of which were his performances in celebration of the Millennium of the Baptism of Russia in 1988 (in Germany , France , Belgium , Italy , Spain , the USA and Australia ).

Since 1983, G. A. Rahr was chairman of the Holy Prince Vladimir Brotherhood - the oldest Russian society in Germany, founded in 1888 at the Russian embassy in Berlin to assist Orthodox people in need and to build and maintain Russian churches in Germany. When the Brotherhood was forced to close its home church in Hamburg in 1995, G. A. Rahr, at the request of the leadership of the Russian Orthodox Church, transferred the “Memel iconostasis” stored there, which served the Russian army in the Seven Years War in Prussia, to Russia. The iconostasis was renovated by the Russian Culture Foundation and installed in the “Sacred Savior” church at the newly-built Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Kaliningrad , dedicated, at the suggestion of Gleb Rahr, to all Russian soldiers who died in the Seven Years, Napoleonic, World War I and World War II on the territory of the current Baltics .

G. A. Rahr tried to expand the field of activity of the Brotherhood and to restore its charitable and publishing activities. From March 1996 to September 2002, he issued seventeen issues of “ Fraternal Herald ”, dedicated to the life and work of the Brotherhood, but also the status of the Orthodox Church and historical themes. He also published “ Media Reports on Church, Social and Political Life in Russia and Abroad .” In 1996, Rahr supported the creation by the Baltic Diocese of the ROC of a boarding school for street children in the city of Neman, Kaliningrad Region.

After the fall of Soviet power, G. A. Rahr advocated the reunification of the ROCOR with the ROC. In 1990, he energetically opposed the creation of ROCOR parishes in Russia itself. In August 1991, Gleb Alexandrovich participated in the Congress of Compatriots in Moscow, where he was received by His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II , who through him addressed the ROCOR hierarchy with a proposal for reunification. With the support of a former prisoner in 1994, an Orthodox chapel of the Resurrection of Christ was built on the territory of the former Dachau concentration camp in memory of the Orthodox victims of national socialism , which served as the beginning of the foundation of the arrival of the Moscow Patriarchate in Munich .

For his extensive work, G. A. Rahr was honored with a number of honorary and appreciative diplomas of the Russian Church at home and abroad, in particular, in 2004 from His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II.

On the personal instructions of the President of the Russian Federation V. V. Putin, Gleb Aleksandrovich Rar and his wife received Russian citizenship in 2001. Senile ailments and illnesses, however, prevented their return to Russia.

Gleb Alexandrovich Rahr died on March 3, 2006 at the age of 83 years in Freising and on March 11, 2006 at the Russian cemetery in Berlin ^{[5] he} was buried and buried, which was made by the Archbishop of Berlin Feofan (Galinsky) , Bishop of Klin Longin (Talypin) and many contacts ^[6] .

Metropolitan of Minsk and Slutsk Filaret (Vakhromeev) , Patriarchal Exarch of All Belarus, G.A. Rar estimated the life and work of the following words:

(From the message read at the funeral G. A. Rahr).

G. A. and S. V. Rar raised six children. G. A. Rahr once noted with satisfaction that each of his children became interested in one of his spheres of interest:

• Alexander (born 1959 ) chose politics, becoming a political observer ^[7] ;
• Ksenia (born 1960 ) chose church music, controls the church choir in the parish of Munich, where her husband, Archpriest Nikolai Zabelich, serves, and arranges charity concerts ^[8] ;
• Vsevolod (born 1962 ) became a journalist and lives in England;
• Archpriest Michael (born 1963 ) serves as a priest in Berlin and Weimar and serves as the head of the office of the Berlin Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church ^[9] ;
• Dimitri (born 1964 ) became fascinated with history and geography, works as a translator and now, after his father, heads the Holy Prince Vladimir Brotherhood ^[10] ;
• Irina (born in 1966 ) is engaged in social activities, in particular, work with young people.

Books, brochures, magazines

• "Alarm for the bars." No. 1-2, an underground handwritten journal, made in custody at the Gestapo Prison in Breslavl in 1944
• Elena and Gleb Rahr. "Living Alphabet". Children's primer. Unsleben, July 1945
• "Captive Church." Publishing "Posev." Frankfurt 1954
• "Die Russische Orthodoxe Kirche im Ausland: ihr III. Gesamtkonzil in Jordanville / New York 1974 (" Russian Orthodox Church Abroad: Her All-Diaspora Cathedral in Jordanville in New York in 1974 ") (him.). The magazine" Glaube in der 2. Welt ". Zurich 1974
• "Die Russische Kirche in Bad Kissingen" ("Russian Church in Bad Kissingen") (him.). Publishing house "Seeding". Frankfurt 1984
• “Klöster, Starzen und Ikonen: 1000 Jahre russ.-orthodoxe Kirche” (“Monasteries, elders and icons: 1000 years of the Russian Orthodox Church”) (him). Meurs 1988
• “Hundert Jahre Russische Kirche Bad Kissingen” (“One Hundred Years of the Russian Church in Bad Kissingen”) (German). Publisher "Fink". Lindenberg 1999
• "Fraternal Bulletin". No. 1-17. Bad Kissingen 1996–2002
• "Media reports on church, social and political life in Russia and abroad." 1996–2006 Hallbergmoos
• “... And our generation will give a history report. Memories". Publisher "Russian Way". Moscow 2011 ISBN 978-5-85887-382-2 .

Radio Shows

From the series “not by bread alone”:

• To church holidays: Christmas (1982)
• To church holidays: Christmas canon (1982)
• For Church Holidays: Easter (1984)
• For Church Holidays: The Strata Seventh (April-May 1986)
• For Church Holidays: Easter (1992)
• For Church Holidays: Easter (1993)
• Church Concepts: Symphony (1993)
• Church Concepts: Schism and Schism (1993)
• For Church Holidays: Word per week about the blind-born (11/14/1993)
• Church Concepts: Anathema (1994)
• Church Concepts: On Ecumenism (1994)

From the series “Russia is Christian - the second millennium”:

• Three draft law on religious freedom. 03/31/1989
• Separation strategy 19.2.1990
• Religious legislation of the USSR and the RSFSR. 12/1/1990
• Is the state an enemy of the human race? 12/1/1990
• May God grant Russia to find its way to the light. 12/1/1990
• Split? Remove stumbling blocks. 11/10/1990
• Empire. Monarchy today? 12/8/1990
• The church and the powers that be. 1991 (several series)
• Reunion? Resolution of Patriarch Tikhon. 03/30/1991
• The cathedral will decide. 03/30/1991
• Towards the Cathedral. 03/30/1991
• Thoroughly prepared Cathedral. 6.4.1991
• "The father of his orphans." You will not escape from the judgment of the earth, as you will not escape from God's judgment. 26.4.1991
• Appeal of the patriarch to the youth. 13.7.1991
• Open letter of the patriarch to the participants of the Congress of compatriots. 13.7.1991
• Patriarch and Abroad. 13.7.1991
• Is the Russian church too active or passive? 6.9.1991
• Year of liberation How preserved shrine. 13.9.1991
• After the fight, fists do not wave. 9/28/1991
• The conflict, which was not. 4.10.1991
• Restoration of unity, the task posed by St. Tikhon. 10/12/1991
• Sergianism - what is it? On the declaration of Metropolitan Sergius. 10/19/1991
• What is patriarchy. How to observe catholicity. 10.26.1991
• About monarchy, but let's be serious. 10/6/1994

From the series “Religion in the Modern World”:

• The most unnecessary of all splits. 10/28/1991
• Mormons. Autumn 1995
• New Apostolic Church. Autumn 1995
• Sects in Germany. Autumn 1995
• Scientology and universal life. Autumn 1995
• Church and sects. Autumn 1995
• Council for Cooperation with Religious Associations under the President of the Russian Federation. Autumn 1995

From the series “Partner - Germany”:

• Union treaty: far-fetched, non-viable, cumbersome. 12/15/1990
• Time mine put under interethnic relations by the constitution of 1918 and the treaty of alliance 1922: Deportation of the army. 1991
• Time mine put under interethnic relations by the constitution of 1918 and the allied treaty of 1922: United by homeland, honor, enemy. 1991
• Time mine put under interethnic relations by the constitution of 1918 and the treaty of alliance 1922: Basics of building a new army. 1991
• Time mine put under interethnic relations by the constitution of 1918 and the treaty of alliance 1922: Army - family? 1991
• Dachau Memories (1945). 1993
• Bismarck and Durnovo. 1993
• And other programs on Radio Liberty, Munich 1974-1995.
• Broadcasts on Radio Free Russia, Taipei 1957-1959
• Broadcasts on Japanese Radio, Tokyo 1959-1963

Articles

• The first Orthodox Japanese ; "Edge" № 5, Frankfurt 1960
• Communism stumbled upon the eternal: Christianity and communism in modern Russia . Japanese brochure, Tokyo 1960
• Russische Kirchen in Deutschland (Russian Churches in Germany) (German), “Der Europaeische Osten” No. 143, Munich 1967
• How many Orthodox in Russia . Sowing, Frankfurt 1973
• Toponymy of communism , "Sowing", April 1973
• How many Orthodox churches in Russia . Sowing, Frankfurt 1974
• Living legacy of great Russia: Brotherhood of St. Vladimir , Russian Renaissance, No. 24, New York 1983
• Two Russian churches can not be . "Sowing" number 5, Frankfurt 1991
• What I come back from , 1992
• Big Baltic ; Western Russia, Kaliningrad 1992
• At a distance of voices . "Foreigner" № 10, Moscow 1993
• My Berlin . Eurocentre, Munich 1993
• Freedom of conscience unscrupulous? Rush Hour, St. Petersburg 1994
• With love and pain. What can give old emigration of new Russia? , Golos, Moscow 03/21/1994
• Now the Baltic states show how not to do . “Tomorrow” № 15, Moscow 1994
• Baltic thoughts. The boundary of Truvor ; Rush Hour, St. Petersburg. July 1994
• The blame for the schism in the church is not washed off with martyr's blood . Rush Hour, St. Petersburg 1.9.1994
• The blame for the split within Orthodoxy lies with the Church Abroad . Rush Hour SPb 14.9.1994
• Russian Church Abroad: history and causes . Nezavisimaya Gazeta, Moscow 10/13/1994
• Baltic thoughts. Bilingualism ; Rush Hour, St. Petersburg. 1994
• Sphere of Equality , “Voice”, Moscow 1994
• About monarchy, but let's be serious . Rush Hour, St. Petersburg. 9.11.1994
• Russia and Germany: Volga and Rhine. Russian churches in Germany . Eurocentre, Munich 1996
• Russian churches in Germany . Nezavisimaya Gazeta, Moscow 1997
• On the way to a single Russian church . Orthodox Diary, New York, January 1997
• Cheerful mind, sober heart (about the glorification of the royal martyrs) . Nezavisimaya Gazeta, Moscow 29.5.1997
• What an illusion: the Church Abroad , “Kaliningrad Truth”, November 1997
• On the question of the birth of the Church Abroad . Nezavisimaya Gazeta, Moscow 11/30/2000
• The Karlovatsk church has no future . Nezavisimaya Gazeta, Moscow December 4, 2002

Interview

• On the situation of the Russian church . Unity, Melbourne 1986
• About Russian European . Radio Euroscope, 1995
• Russian church . "Steps" № 3, Minsk 2002

Reports

• Orthodoxy and Russian culture and statehood (I — II). Congress of the National Organization of Knights (NOV), Dampierre, France, 10.28.1972
• Ueber die Kirche in Russland (About the Church in Russia) (German), “Faith in the Second World” Symposium, Munich 26.4.1979
• Wann wurde Russland christlich? Zur Lage der Forschung ueber den Zeitpunkt der Taufe . (When did Russia become Christian? To the state of investigation of the date of baptism.) (German), Munich, October 9, 1987
• Case and covenant of sv. Prince Vladimir ; Munich (Germany) 1987 and at the Overseas Youth Congress in Natua (Belgium) 1988
• Tausend Jahre Kirche Russlands: ein umstrittenes Datum (A thousand years old church in Russia: a controversial date) (German), Munich 11/1/1988
• Württemberg and Russia: to the 200th anniversary of the birth of Grand Duchess Catherine Pavlovna, Queen of Württemberg , Stuttgart 05/10/1988
• Unser Millenium: die Russische Kirche und Bad Kissingen (Our Millennium: Russian Church and Bad Kissingen) (German), Munich 05/31/1988, Bad Kissingen 06/10/1988
• Millennium of the Baptism of Rus , Frankfurt 11.7.1988
• Russische Kirche und Sowjetstaat (Russian Church and Soviet State) (German), Frankfurt 10.7.1988, Baden-Baden 9/17/1988
• Baltic States: the collapse of the empire? Restructuring in the framework of the existing system and ideology, or access to qualitatively new frontiers? , Foreign Youth Congress, Natua, Belgium, 4.-7.5.1989
• What is the law of freedom of conscience? Overseas Youth Congress, Nato, Belgium, 4.-7.5.1989
• Russian nationalism or Russian national consciousness? , Foreign Youth Congress, Natua, Belgium, 4.-7.5.1989
• Russische Kirche im Jahr nach dem Millenium: Perestrojka oder Stagnation? (Russian church in the year after the Millennium: perestroika or stagnation?) (German), Baden-Baden 9/28/1989
• Church and the way of Russia . All-Diaspora Youth Congress, Natua, Belgium, 04/28/1990
• Die russischen Baederkirchen in Deutschland (Russian churches in the resort cities of Germany) (German), Bad Homburg 24.1.1990
• Russia and the world today . Speech at the 1st Congress of Compatriots, Moscow, August 1991
• The return of Russia to Europe . Speech to the Russian political club, Moscow, Oct. 1991
• Once again about Russian statehood . Speech at the III World People's Council, Moscow 4.-6.12.1995
• Moscow - Third Rome . Foreign Youth Congress, Courrier, Belgium, 1997
• The goals and objectives of the Brotherhood of St.. Vladimir Bad Kissingen 21.6.1997
• Glorification of the new martyrs: two approaches . Overseas Youth Congress, Courier, Belgium, 1.-3.5.1998
• Russian Orthodox Church in Germany in 1933-45 . Dresden 5.6.1999
• On the situation of the Russian Orthodox Church , Johannesburg (South Africa) 2000
• Hundert Jahre russische Kirche Bad Kissingen (One Hundred Years of the Russian Church in Bad Kissingen) (German), Bad Kissingen 07.7.2001
• A series of reports on the history of the Russian Church in the XX century . Minsk, 28.10.-3.11.2001
• The goals and objectives of the Brotherhood of St.. Vladimir Bad Kissingen 07.7.2003

• A. P. Stolypin: “In the Service of Russia. Essays on the history of the NTS . Publishing house "Seeding", Frankfurt 1986. ISBN 3-7912-2010-1
• A. P. Stolypin (A. Stolypine): "De l'Empire a l'Exil" . Publishing house Albin Michel, Paris 1996. ISBN 978-2-226-07979-4
• E. R. Romanov: “In the struggle for Russia. Memoirs " ," Voice ", Moscow 1999. ISBN 5-7117-0402-8
• “Fraternal Herald” , No. 21, Bad Kissingen 2006
• "Sowing" № 4/2006, Moscow 2006
• "For Russia". Bulletin of the internal life of the People's Labor Union . Number 40 (372), Moscow 2006
• Menschenrechte (Human Rights; Journal ISHR) (German) No. 1/2006, Frankfurt 2006
• "The fate of the generation of 1920-1930-ies in exile . " Russian Way, Moscow 2006. ISBN 5-85887-253-0
• Antoine Nivier : "Orthodox clergy, theologians and church leaders of the Russian emigration in Western and Central Europe, 1920-1995 . " Russky Put, Moscow 2007. ISBN 978-5-85887-206-1
• R.V. Polchaninov: "The Youth of the Russian Abroad" . Posev, Moscow 2009. ISBN 978-5-85824-189-8
• T. Lukina: “Russian Munich” . Mir Publishing House, Munich 2010. ISBN 978-3-9805300-9-5

• Julian Panic : “ The Road Home ”. Documentary film about the Russian emigrants in Munich. Munich, 1992

• Fraternal Bulletin of G. A. Rahr
• "One Russian - and that Rar." Interview of I. Tolstoy with G. A. Rar
• Interview with G. A. Rahr. Minsk 2002
• Memoirs of G. A. Rahr on Formosa (Taiwan)
• The book "Generation 1920-30s in exile"
• G. A. Rahr: "By the stages of the Third Reich"