Chinese national roads

The Qinzhu G030 trunk section near Beijing.

China National Highways ( Eng. China National Highways , Chinese р 道 , Pinyin : Guódào , literally "national roads") are a network of main roads throughout mainland China . Despite the fact that they are called highways (for example, Qingbao Highway ), not all of them are currently multi-lane expressways.

Classification

Although most of the National Roads are high-quality asphalt roads, some of them remain unpaved , such as this 20-kilometer section of the G209 highway in northern Badon, Hubei

By technical standards

Highways (width 25 m)
Class I (width 25.5 m)
Class II (width 12 m)
Class III (8.5 m wide)
Class IV (width 7 m) ^[1]

Management

National
Provincial
County
Urban
Village
Special Purpose ^[1]

History

Road construction is seen as the key to accelerated infrastructure development.

The first highway, the construction of which was started in 1984, connected Shenyang and Dalian ( Shenyang-Dalian Highway ) and laid the foundation for the construction of the Chinese Highway System . In 2003, total investments in highway construction amounted to 350 billion yuan, 219 roads became the main highways, among which the main attention was paid to five - connecting the north and the south, and seven connecting the east and the west, as well as several roads in the western part of the country and rural terrain. With the successful completion in 2007 of the project for the construction of national transport arteries with a total length of 35,000 km (five north-south and seven east-west), Beijing and Shanghai were interconnected by highways, mainly expressways, as well as with the capitals of all provinces and autonomous regions of China, creating a road network between more than 200 cities. Following this, China developed a 7–9–18 plan, in which a high-speed road network was launched with 7 radial highways, 9 north-south and 18 east-west highways. ^[2]

The National Development Plan for the Highway Network, approved in 2005, aims at a system of expressways connecting all provincial and autonomous capitals with Beijing and each other, as well as large cities and counties with a total length of about 85,000 km, including seven expressways starting in Beijing : Beijing - Shanghai , Beijing - Taipei , Beijing - Hong Kong - Macau , Beijing - Kunming , Beijing - Lhasa , Beijing - Urumqi and Beijing - Harbin .

By the end of 2014, the total length of roads open for traffic exceeded 4,200 thousand km, including 111.95 thousand km of expressways built according to advanced standards, thus the network took first place in the world in terms of length. ^[3] The density of roads has reached 19.5 km / 100 km² (2005). ^[4] ^[5]

According to the “Program for the Development of Transport for the 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-2015)”, by 2015 China will form a network with a length of 108 thousand km, which will connect more than 90 percent of cities with a population of over 200 thousand people. ^[6]

Regulation

Toll Plaza on the G106 / G316 Highway in the center of Futuo City, Huangshi Municipality

Although the accepted speed limit on Chinese national roads is 100 km / h, it is often possible to meet cars that are moving in excess of speed. The absence of surveillance cameras, speed measuring devices and road signs on some routes outside the settlements, as well as the vast distances between them, often lead to fatal accidents. In addition, there is a shortage of traffic police officers.

Names of motorways of national importance most often begin with the letter G, followed by three digits, for example: G107. The letter G means 国家 (guójiā) or national. ^[7]

The road numbering is as follows:

Five vertical and seven horizontal main routes relate to the 000 series (in other words, “five longitudinal roads and seven transverse roads”).
With the exception of the Chinese National Road 112 , which originates in Tianjin , all roads of the 100th series (for example, 102 , 106 ) start from Beijing , the capital of China, and diverge respectively on all sides of the world;
Highways of the 200th series stretch from north to south;
Highways of the 300th series are located on the west-east axis (for example, from Lhasa to Tibet via Dandong and further to Liaoning Province).

List of All Chinese National Roads

China Road Network

National roads in China are denoted by the letters G - Godao (national highway), S - Shandao (provincial highway) and X - Xiandao (county-level highway).

000 series

Note : The 000 series of Chinese national highways indicate five specific vertical routes, as well as seven specific horizontal routes. Routes ending in "0" mean vertical highway passing from north to south; Routes ending in "5" mean horizontal roads running from east to west.

Note : today, instead of the 000 series , a new system is operating for expressways where two, three or four digits are used.

Original number 000 series ^[8] :

China National Highway 010: Tongjiang ( Heilongjiang ) - Sanya ( Hainan ), 5700 km - the longest Chinese national highway ( English Tongsan Expressway ), now G11 and part of G15
China National Highway 015: Suifenhe ( Heilongjiang ) - Manchuria ( Inner Mongolia ), 1,280 km ( English Suiman Expressway ), now part of G10
China National Highway 020: Beijing - Fuzhou, Fujian , 2,540 km ( Jingfu Expressway ), now part of G3
China National Highway 025: Dandong ( Liaoning ) - Lhasa ( Tibet Autonomous Region ), 4,590 km ( Danla Expressway ), now the Beijing-Lhasa road is part of the G6
China National Highway 030: Beijing - Zhuhai ( Guangdong ), 2,310 km ( Eng.Jingzhu Expressway ), now part of G4
China National Highway 035: Qingdao ( Shandong ) - Yinchuan ( Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region ), 1,610 km ( Qingyin Expressway ), now G30
China National Highway 040: Eren Hot (Inner Mongolia) - Hakou ( Yunnan ), 3,610 km ( English Erhe Expressway )
China National Highway 045: Lianyungang ( Jiangsu ) - Khorgos ( XUAR ), 3980 km ( English Lianhuo Expressway ) - the first trans-Chinese highway ^[9]
China National Highway 050: Chongqing - Zhanjiang ( Guangdong ), 1,430 km ( Eng.Yuzhan Expressway ), now part G15 and part G75
China National Highway 055: Shanghai - Chengdu (Sichuan), 2,970 km ( Hurong Expressway ), now G42
China National Highway 065: Shanghai - Ruili ( Yunnan ), 4090 km ( Hurui Expressway ), now part of G56
China National Highway 075: Hengyang ( Hunan ) - Kunming ( Yunnan ), 1980 km ( English Hengkun Expressway )

100

Typical kilometer mark: 1284 km from Beijing, G106 highway

The starting point of all China's national roads of the 100 Series is Beijing , except for the road: G112 (ring road around Beijing).

China National Highway 101 : Beijing - Shenyang ( Liaoning ), 879 km
China National Highway 102 : Beijing - Harbin ( Heilongjiang ), 1311 km
China National Highway 103 : Beijing - Tanggu ( Tianjin ), 149 km, the shortest road
China National Highway 104 : Beijing - Fuzhou ( Fujian ), 2,420 km
China National Highway 105 : Beijing - Zhuhai ( Guangdong ), 2653 km
China National Highway 106 : Beijing - Guangzhou ( Guangdong ), 2466 km
China National Highway 107 : Beijing - Shenzhen ( Guangdong ), 2698 km
China National Highway 108 : Beijing - Kunming ( Yunnan ), 3356 km
China National Highway 109 : Beijing - Lhasa ( Tibet Autonomous Region ), 3855 km - the longest China National Highway from Beijing
China National Highway 110 : Beijing - Yinchuan ( Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region ), 1135 km
China National Highway 111 : Beijing - Jagdachi ( Heilongjiang ), 2123 km
China National Highway 112 : Gaobeidian - Tianjin - Tangshan - Xuanhua - Gaobeidian, ring route, 1228 km

200 series

The Chinese national roads of the 200 series are laid from north to south of the country.

China National Highway 201 : Heghan ( Heilongjiang ) - Dalian ( Liaoning ), 1964 km
China National Highway 202 : Heihe (Heilongjiang) - Dalian (Liaoning), 1818 km
China National Highway 203 : Minshui (Heilongjiang) - Shenyang (Liaoning), 720 km
China National Highway 204 : Yantai ( Shandong ) - Shanghai , 1031 km
China National Highway 205 : Shanhaiguan (Hebei) - Guangzhou ( Guangdong ), 3160 km
China National Highway 206 : Yantai (Shandong) - Shantou (Guangdong), 2302 km
China National Highway 207 : Shilin-Hoto ( Inner Mongolia ) - Hyan (Guangdong), 3,738 km is the longest Chinese national road, laid from north to south
China National Highway 208 : Eren Hot (Inner Mongolia) - Changzhi ( Shanxi ), 990 km
China National Highway 209 : Hohhot (Inner Mongolia) - Beihai ( Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region ), 3435 km
China National Highway 210 : Baotou (Inner Mongolia) - Nanning (Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region), 3097 km
China National Highway 211 : Yinchuan ( Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region ) - Xi'an ( Shaanxi ), 645 km
China National Highway 212 : Lanzhou ( Gansu ) - Chongqing , 1195 km
China National Highway 213 : Lanzhou (Gansu) - Mohan , ( Yunnan ), 2827 km
China National Highway 214 : Xining ( Qinghai ) - Jinghong (Yunnan), 3345 km
China National Highway 215: Hongluyuan (Gansu) - Golmud ( Qinghai ), 591 km
China National Highway 216 : Altai ( Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region ) - Baluntai (Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region), 853 km
China National Highway 217 : Altai (Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region) - Kucha (Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region), 1023 km
China National Highway 218 : Gulja (Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region) - Charklyk (Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region), 1073 km
China National Highway 219 : Kargalyk (Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region) - Lhasa ( Tibet Autonomous Region ), 2279 km
China National Highway 220 : Binzhou (Shandong) - Zhengzhou ( Henan ), 585 km
China National Highway 221 : Harbin (Heilongjiang) - Tongjiang (Heilongjiang), 662 km
China National Highway 222 : Harbin (Heilongjiang) - Yichun (Heilongjiang), 358 km
China National Highway 223 : Haikou ( Hainan ) - Sanya , Eastern District (Hainan), 320 km
China National Highway 224 : Haikou (Hainan) - Sanya, Central District (Hainan), 293 km - the shortest Chinese national road from north to south
China National Highway 225 : Haikou (Hainan) - Sanya, West District (Hainan), 427 km
China National Highway 226 : Chusyun (Yunnan) - Mojiang (Yunnan), according to plans, the construction was canceled.
China National Highway 227 : Xining (Qinghai) - Zhangye (Gansu), 338 km

300 series

300 series of Chinese national roads run from east to west of the country.

China National Highway 301 : Suifenhe ( Heilongjiang ) - Manchuria ( Inner Mongolia , the Russian-Chinese border and the Sino-Mongolian border), 1680 km,
China National Highway 302 : Hunchun ( Jilin ) - Ulanhot (Inner Mongolia), 1028 km
China National Highway 303 : Jian (Jilin) - Shilin Gol (Inner Mongolia), 1263 km
China National Highway 304 : Dandong ( Liaoning ) - Kholin-Gol (Inner Mongolia), 889 km
China National Highway 305 : Zhuanghe (Liaoning) - Linsi (Inner Mongolia), 816 km
China National Highway 306 : Suizhong (Liaoning) - Hashigten (Inner Mongolia), 480 km
China National Highway 307 : Qiqou ( Hebei ) - Yinchuan ( Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region ), 1351 km
China National Highway 308 : Qingdao ( Shandong ) - Shijiazhuang (Hebei), 637 km
China National Highway 309 : Rongcheng (Shandong) - Lanzhou ( Gansu ), 2372 km
China National Highway 310 : Lianyungang ( Jiangsu ) - Tianshui (Gansu), 1613 km
China National Highway 311 : Xuzhou (Jiangsu) - Xixia ( Henan ), 748 km
China National Highway 312 : Shanghai - Gulja ( Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region ), 4967 km
China National Highway 313 : Guazhou (Gansu) - Charklyk (Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region), 821 km
China National Highway 314 : Urumqi (Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region) - Khunjerab Pass (Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region), 1948 km (part of the Karakorum Highway in China)
China National Highway 315 : Xining ( Qinghai ) - Kashgar (Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region), 3048 km
China National Highway 316 : Fuzhou ( Fujian ) - Lanzhou (Gansu), 2678 km
China National Highway 317 : Chengdu ( Sichuan ) - Seni ( Tibet Autonomous Region ), 2028 km
China National Highway 318 : Shanghai - Zhangmu (TTibet Autonomous Region), 5,334 km - the longest Chinese national road from west to east
China National Highway 319 : Xiamen (Fujian) - Chengdu (Sichuan), 3027 km
China National Highway 320 : Shanghai - Ruili (Yunnan, China- Nepal border), 3748 km
China National Highway 321 : Guangzhou ( Guangdong ) - Chengdu (Sichuan), 2168 km
China National Highway 322 : Hengyang ( Hunan ) - Friendship Transition ( Guangxi , China- Vietnam border), 1119 km
China National Highway 323 : Ruijin (Jiangxi) - Linzang ( Yunnan , China- Burma border), 2926 km
China National Highway 324 : Fuzhou (Fujian) - Kunming (Yunnan), 2583 km
China National Highway 325 : Guangzhou (Guangdong) - Nanning (Guangxi), 831 km
China National Highway 326 : Sushan ( Chongqing ) - Hakou (Yunnan, China- Vietnam border), 1674 km
China National Highway 327 : Heze (Shandong) - Lianyungang (Jiangsu), 424 km
China National Highway 328 : Nanjing (Jiangsu) - Hai'an (Jiangsu), 295 km
China National Highway 329 : Hangzhou ( Zhejiang ) - Puto ( Zhejiang ), 292 km - the shortest Chinese national road from west to east
China National Highway 330 : Shouchan (Zhejiang) - Wenzhou (Zhejiang), 331 km

Notes

↑ ¹ ² Highway Development in China (unavailable link) // ZHANG Jianfei. Department of Highways Ministry of Communications
↑ “We're Falling Behind” the Chinese National Highway System. Michael Scharenbroich, Garrett Schreiner, Shengyin Xu. October 8, 2008 Archived June 22, 2010 to Wayback Machine // David Levinson's Networks, Economics and Urban Systems
↑ China ranks second in the world in terms of length of highways. 12/29/2010 // Chinese Information Portal (Russian)
↑ Highways 12.2005 // Chinese Information Center (Russian)
↑ 我国 2013 年全年新建高速公路 8260 公里 _ 网易财经
↑ China: in five years, 90 percent of cities with a population of more than 200 thousand people will be connected by a network of expressways 27/05/2011 // People's Daily (Russian)
↑ China's Highroad to Highway Success. October 16, 2002 // Chinese Internet Information Center (English)
↑ World Largest Highway Project: Chinese “Five Vertical, Seven Horizontal” National Highway Project. October 24th, 2011 // China Tech Gadget
↑ Start of the first trans-Chinese highway. 12/10/2004 // Chinese Internet Information Center (Russian)

Links

Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China (China)
China Highways and Transportation Society (China)
China Highway Network (China)

[zhang-1] ¹ ² Highway Development in China (unavailable link) // ZHANG Jianfei. Department of Highways Ministry of Communications

[2] “We're Falling Behind” the Chinese National Highway System. Michael Scharenbroich, Garrett Schreiner, Shengyin Xu. October 8, 2008 Archived June 22, 2010 to Wayback Machine // David Levinson's Networks, Economics and Urban Systems

[3] China ranks second in the world in terms of length of highways. 12/29/2010 // Chinese Information Portal (Russian)

[4] Highways 12.2005 // Chinese Information Center (Russian)

[5] 我国 2013 年全年新建高速公路 8260 公里 _ 网易财经

[6] China: in five years, 90 percent of cities with a population of more than 200 thousand people will be connected by a network of expressways 27/05/2011 // People's Daily (Russian)

[7] China's Highroad to Highway Success. October 16, 2002 // Chinese Internet Information Center (English)

[8] World Largest Highway Project: Chinese “Five Vertical, Seven Horizontal” National Highway Project. October 24th, 2011 // China Tech Gadget

[9] Start of the first trans-Chinese highway. 12/10/2004 // Chinese Internet Information Center (Russian)