Bonch-Bruevich, Vladimir Dmitrievich

Vladimir Bonch-Bruevich was born in the family of a surveyor, a native of the gentry of the Mogilev province ^[3] .

In 1883 he entered the preparatory classes of the Konstantinovsky Survey Institute in Moscow; in 1884 - 1889 he studied at this institute; for organizing students' speeches, he was expelled and banished to Kursk under police supervision; there he graduated from the survey school.

He returned to Moscow in 1892 , joined the Moscow Workers Union . Set up a print on the hectograph and the distribution of illegal literature. From 1894 he worked in the publishing house of P. K. Pryanishnikov "People's Library".

From 1895, he participated in the work of the Social Democratic circle, which later became part of the Moscow Workers Union. In 1896 he emigrated to Switzerland, organized the shipment of revolutionary literature and printing equipment to Russia. After meeting with V. I. Ulyanov (Lenin), he became an active employee of Iskra . He studied at the natural faculty of the University of Zurich ^[4] .

In the autumn of 1898, he left for England, where he participated in organizing the resettlement of Dukhobors from the Caucasus to America. In 1899, he accompanied the last batch of Dukhobors to Canada, then helped them settle in new places. He studied the life and beliefs of various sectarians , including the possibility of sending Iskra to sectarians ^{[5] [6]} . Returning from Canada, he published in the Chertkovs publishing house “Materials on the history and study of Russian sectarianism” (since 1908 he renewed them in Russia under the title “Materials on the history and study of religious-social movements in Russia”). In 1909 he published the Dukhobor psalms collected by him in Canada (“The Animal Book of Dukhobors ”) ^{[7] [8]} .

In 1903-1905 - the head of the expedition of the Central Committee of the RSDLP ( Geneva ) ^{[Approx. 1]} , one of the founders of the archive of the Central Committee. In 1904 he published a special Social Democratic magazine for sectarians "Rassvet". In 1905 he returned to Russia, worked in the newspaper " New Life ". In 1905, he participated in the preparation of an armed uprising in St. Petersburg , organized underground warehouses with weapons.

In the years 1906-1907 secretary and member of the editorial board of the magazine "Our thought." In 1908–1918, he led the Bolshevik publishing house Life and Knowledge (publishing house named after V. Bonch-Bruyevich and N. Lenin). Since 1912, member of the editorial board of the newspaper Pravda . Repeatedly arrested, but not subjected to serious harassment. In 1917, a member of the executive committee of the Petrograd Soviet , the temporary editor of the Worker and Soldier newspaper (one of the names is "Evening Petersburg").

In 1917 he headed the commandant's office of the Smolny district - the Tauride Palace . He was the business manager of the Council of People's Commissars until October 1920.

At the same time, in December 1917 - March 1918, he was chairman of the Committee for Combating Pogroms, in February - March 1918 - a member of the Committee of the Revolutionary Defense of Petrograd .
Since 1918 - the manager of the affairs of the SNK RSFSR . He took an active part in the nationalization of banks, in preparing for the relocation of the Soviet government to Moscow in March 1918 ^[9] . The Council endorsed the Decree of the SNK of the RSFSR of 09/05/1918 “ On Red Terror ”.

From March 1918 - Deputy Chairman of the Council of Medical Colleges. In 1919 - Chairman of the Committee for the construction of sanitary checkpoints at Moscow railway stations and the Special Committee for the restoration of water supply and sewerage of Moscow. In 1918-1919 years - the head of the publishing house of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) "Communist". In 1918 he was elected a full member of the Socialist Academy of Social Sciences , in 1918-1920 published a number of books: “Blood libel against Christians”, “Unrest in the army and military prisons”, etc.

After the death of Lenin went to scientific work. Author of works on the history of the revolutionary movement in Russia, the history of religion and atheism, sectarianism, ethnography and literature. In 1920-1929 he was the organizer and leader of the experimental state farm "Forest Glades" near Moscow ^[5] , whose products were primarily sent to the leaders of the Communist Party ^{[Approx. 2]} and governments.

The initiator of the creation and the first director (1933-1945) of the State Literary Museum in Moscow ^[10] . In 1945-1955 - Director of the Museum of the History of Religion and Atheism of the USSR Academy of Sciences in Leningrad .

Vladimir Dmitrievich Bonch-Bruevich died on July 14, 1955 . He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow .

Aliases

Literary pseudonyms: Bh, Bonch-Br., V. B., V. B. B., V. G., V. O., V. Ol-skii, Vlad. Ol-sky, Vlad. Olkhovsky, A. Grigoriev, Iv. Gavrilov, N. Volgin, Nikolai Volgin, Iv. Gorlenko, Semyon Gvozd, Anton Kruglikov, G. Kolosov, D. Petrenko, Nick. Petrenko, Petrovich, Northerner, Romanenko, Moskvich, Old-Timer, Uncle Tom (also a party pseudonym) , Reader, One of the mourners, One of the public, Comrade, Old Comrade.

Family

Father - Dmitry Afanasyevich Bonch-Bruyevich (10/26/1840 - after 1904), a land surveyor; mother - Maria Sergeyevna ^[11] .

His wife is Vera Mikhailovna Velichkina (1868–1918), a doctor, a revolutionary;

• daughter - Elena (1904-1985), traumatologist of the Institute of Emergency Care. Sklifosovsky , Candidate of Medical Sciences ^[12] ; married to Leopold Leonidovich Averbakh (1903 - 14.8.1937); Arrested on 14.6.1937, she was sentenced to 7 years in a camp (she worked as a doctor there since 1941) ^[13] ;
  • grandson - Victor Leopoldovich Bonch-Bruyevich (1923–1987), participant of the Great Patriotic War, doctor of physical and mathematical sciences, professor of Moscow State University ; laureate of the Lomonosov Prize (1980) ^[14] .

Wife (after 1918) - Anna Semenovna Tinker (1886-1956); the first marriage was for S. I. Chernomordik (1880-1943), the founder and first director of the Museum of the Revolution .

• 1905-1906 - Nevsky Prospect , 142;
• 1906-1907 - 4th Christmas Street , 34;
• 1907 - Kherson street , 1, apt. 28;
• 1917 - Kherson street , 5, apt. 9.

• Order of Lenin (9.11.1954) - for services to the Communist Party and the Soviet state .

In honor of V. D. Bonch-Bruyevich, a number of streets in the countries of the former USSR were named, including:

• in Mogilev and Kostyukovichi ( Belarus );
• street in Petersburg ( Russia );
• In Nizhniy Novgorod;
• in Kiev ( Ukraine ).

House number 5 in Bolshoi Kislovsky Lane in Moscow, where in 1928-1955. lived V. D. Bonch-Bruyevich, marked by a memorial plaque.

• Bonch-Bruevich V.D. Nazareny in Hungary and Serbia . - 1901.
• Bonch-Bruevich V.D. The Sign of the Times. The murder of Andrei Yushchinsky and the Beilis case - SPB., Life and Knowledge, 1914.
• Bonch-Bruevich V.D. Murder of the German ambassador Mirbach and the uprising of the Left Social Revolutionaries: (According to personal memoirs). - M .: Gudok, 1927. - 64 p.
• Bonch-Bruevich V.D. At the fighting posts of the February and October revolutions. - M .: Federation , 1930, 1931.
• Bonch-Bruevich V.D. At the dawn of the revolutionary proletarian struggle. - M .: Federation, 1932
• Bonch-Bruevich V.D. Bolshevik publishing business in 1905-1907 - L., LOIZ, 1933
• Bonch-Bruevich V.D. Memoirs. - M .: Art. lit. 1968.- 206c.
• Bonch-Bruevich V.D. Lenin and children . - M.:, Children's literature , 1975.
• Bonch-Bruevich V.D. Selected works in three volumes. - M .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1959-1963.

• Bonch-Bruevich Vladimir Dmitrievich // Figures of the revolutionary movement in Russia : in 5 tons / ed. F. Ya. Kona and others. - Moscow : All-Union Society of Political Convicts and Exiles , 1927-1934.
• Golubeva, O., D., D. , D. Bonch-Bruevich - publisher. M., 1972.
• G. G. Demidenko. “The revolution has a lot of cases ...”: an essay on the life and work of V. D. Bonch-Bruyevich. M., 1976.
• Klibanov A.I. Vladimir Dmitrievich Bonch-Bruevich: Obituary // Pravda . - 07/16/1955.
• Klibanov A.I., Kogan Yu. Ya. , Surikova K. B., Sheynman M. M. A brief essay on sociopolitical and scientific activities [V. D. Bonch-Bruevich) // Vladimir Dmitrievich Bonch-Bruevich: [1873-1955] / intro. article G. I. Petrovsky ; ["A brief sketch of the soc.-polit. and scientific. activities "of the candidate. ist Sciences A.I. Klibanova, Cand. philosopher. sciences Yu. Ya. Kogan, K. B. Surikova, cand. ist Sciences M. M. Sheinman], bibliogr. status N. M. Nesterova and K. B. Surikova, USSR Academy of Sciences. - M .: Publishing House Acad. Sciences USSR , 1958. - S. 13-27. - 122 s. - ( Materials to the biobibliography of the scientists of the USSR ; vol. 5. A series of history). - 1500 copies
• Klibanov A.I.V. D. Bonch-Bruevich and the Problems of Religious-Social Movements in Russia // Bonch-Bruevich V.D. Elected. cit .. - M .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1959. - T. 1. - p. 7-28. - 378 s.
• The main dates of the life and activity of V. D. Bonch-Bruyevich // Bonch-Bruevich V. D. Selected works in three volumes. - M .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1963. - T. 3 .
• Felshtinsky Yu. G. Leaders in law . - M .: Terra , 2008. - 384 p. - ISBN 5-275-01878-9 .

• Bonch-Bruevich Vladimir Dmitrievich (Neopr.) . Handbook of the history of the Communist Party and the Soviet Union 1898-1991. The appeal date is October 19, 2013.
• Bonch-Bruevich, Vladimir Dmitrievich on the " Rodovide ". Tree of ancestors and descendants
• Vladimir Dmitrievich Bonch-Bruevich (Neopr.) . Chronos. The appeal date is October 19, 2013.
• Letter to VD Bonch-Bruevich to KE Voroshilov. July 11, 1953
• V.D. Bonch-Bruevich in the project “Classics”
• Bonch-Bruevich, Vladimir Dmitrievich in the library of Maxim Moshkov
• Bonch-Bruevich Vladimir Dmitrievich (Neopr.) . Chronicle of Moscow University . The appeal date is December 17, 2017.