Khiva Madrasah

Madrasah is a Muslim educational institution that plays the role of a secondary school and a Muslim theological seminary.

In 1968, the madrasah of Old Khiva became part of the reserve city. In 1990, madrassas built inside the Ichan-Kala citadel were included in the UNESCO World Heritage List (No. 543).

UNESCO World Heritage Site No. 543 Russian • English • fr.

Madrasah of the inner fortified city of Khiva Ichan-Kala

Title	Year	Location	Who built	Architectural features	Add. information	Illustration
Madrasah of Abdullah Khan	1855	Located west of the Ak mosque .	It was built by the mother of Abdullah Khan in honor of the son of Murad Inak, who was killed at the age of 17 in a battle with the Turkmen youmuds .	The building does not fully comply with the architectural canon: it has two entrances, in plan it is a rectangle with corner towers stretched from east to west.
Madrasah of Abdurasulbay	1906	Adjacent to the southeast corner of the Yar Muhammad Devon mosque .	Built with money from Abdurasulbai, the nephew of the poet, composer and translator Kamil Khorezmi .	The entrance, located between the two courtyards, consists of two connected dome sections with a side facing the courtyard of the madrasah.	In two hujras , two daughters of Abdurasulbay are buried.
Allakuli Khan Madrasah	1834–35	Located between the covered bazaar ( Tim Alla-Kuli-khan ) and the eastern gate of Palvan-Darvaz , the main facade faces the courtyard of the Khojamberdybiya madrassah .	Built with funds from the Uzbek khan Allakuli .	The design of the main facade is dominated by the Khorezm type majolica in black and white and blue; in tympans, double arcade frames and three quarters of the columns of the portal there are also images in black contours.	In several hujras on the ground floor there was a city library founded by Allakuli Khan and supported by income from the caravanserai and Tim Allakuli Khan, which provided books to students of Khiva madrassas.
Amir Tura Madrasah	1870	Located in the northern part of Ichan-Kala, on Tashpulatov street.	Built by the son of Muhammad Rahim Khan I and the brother of Muhammad Rahim Khan II, the head of Ulamo Amir Tur.	Two-storey on the front side and a one-story building on the courtyard side. The facade was not decorated due to the invasion of Russian troops in Khiva.	Restored in 1983.
Madrasah Arab Muhammad Khan	1838	Located west of the Muhammad-Amin-inak madrasah.	At this place was a small frame-type madrasah built by one woman. Arab Muhammad Khan bought this madrasah from her along with the neighboring lands and in 1616, in honor of the fact that Khiva became the capital of Khorezm , built a new one-story burnt brick madrasah. In 1838, during the reign of Allakuli Khan, the dilapidated building was rebuilt in accordance with the standards typical of the late Khiva madrassas.	Symmetrical two-story building with a strict portal and cylindrical towers in the corners.
Atajanbai Madrasah	1884	Located between the Mazar-e-Sharif Madrasah and the Russian school.	Built by the Khiva landowner Atazhanbai.	A quadrangle in plan, elongated in the transverse direction from east to west and asymmetric with respect to the entrance to the southern wall.	From the north-west, the building is connected by an internal corridor to the Mazar-e-Sharif madrasah.
Dost-Alam Madrasah	1882		Built at the expense of a lawyer at the court of Khan Muhammad Rakhimkhan II Dost-Alam. The work was carried out under the control of Khudaibergen Haji, master - Kalandar Kochim.	The one-story building is a rectangle with corner towers.	Future lawyers and lawyers studied here. Currently, there is a wood carvings shop.
Islam Khoja Madrasah	1910	Located behind the minaret of Islam Hodge.	Built at the expense of adviser Asfandiyar Khan Islam-Khoja . Glaze decoration was made according to the sketches of Ish-Muhammad Khudaiberdiev by masters from the village of Madir Bolt Vaizov and Madaminov.	The complex consists of 42 hujras, a large domed hall and a high minaret. Contrasting combinations of architectural forms in a small area give an idea of ​​the skill of architects. The mihrab is decorated with majolica and ganch carving.
Kadi Kalyan Madrasah	1905	Located in front of the northwest corner of the Juma Mosque .	Raised at the expense of Kadi- Kalyan [1] , the chief judge Salim Akhun-khan.		In addition to religious disciplines, they taught the basics of legislation and taxation. Currently, the building houses the Museum of Applied Arts of Khorezm.
Kutlug Murad Inaka Madrasah	1804-12	Located in the eastern part of Ichan-Kala in front of the Khojamberdibiya Madrasah.	According to legend, Kutlug-Murad-Inak, the uncle of Allakuli- khan, wanted to be buried in a madrasah, which he himself built. Since he died in Dishan-Kala, and it was considered a bad sign to transfer the deceased to Ichan-Kala through the city gate, the walls of Ichan-Kala at the eastern gate were destroyed, the body was moved through the opening and buried in a madrassah under the floor of the central room.	The first two-story madrasah in Khiva. The corner towers of the main facade are decorated with glazed and terracotta tiles with stamped patterns.	The madrasah had 81 hujras; in the courtyard there is a spring ( sardoba ) covered with a dome.
Madrasah Mazar-i-Sharif	1882	It is located southeast of the Pahlavan Mahmud complex, on the east side it adjoins the Atazhanbay madrasah, to which it is connected by an internal corridor.	Built by order of Muhammad Rahim Khan II ; master - Kalandar Kochim.	The entrance portal, located in the south wall, is decorated with green glazed bricks. Passing the dome gallery, a large arch leads into the courtyard.	It is connected by an internal corridor to the Atajanbai madrasah.
Madrasah Matniyaza Dewan-run	1871	Located in front of the eastern wall of the Muhammad Rahim Khan Madrasah.	Built by Muhammad Niyaz, Devan Run Muhammad Rahim Khan II.	It has the shape of a rectangle extended from west to east. Decorated with majolica, the high portal of the main facade with pentahedral niches in the center and towers in the corners faces the madrasah of Muhammad Rahim Khan. The base of the towers is covered with a geometric pattern of blue, white and green bricks, and their domes are covered with green glazed bricks.	It consists of ten hujras, darskhans, winter and summer mosques.
Matpanabaia Madrasah	1905	Located north of the Juma mosque.	Built at the expense of one of the officials of Matpanabay Khan; masters - Khudaibergen Khoja and Kalandar Kochim.	In terms of the madrassah, it is symmetrical about the central east-west axis, except that a room is missing in the north-west corner. The main facade is decorated with a small portal and a fuzzy relief that divides the arcade into niches.
Madrasah Matrasulbay Mirzaboshi	1905	It is located opposite the western walls of the Shirghazi Khan Madrasah.	Built by Camil’s son Khorezmi Muhammad Rasul Mirzaboshi [2]
Musa Tours Madrasah	1841	Located behind the Yusuf Yasulbashi Madrasah.	Built by the son of Rahmankuli Inaka [3] Musa Tour [4] .	The plan has the shape of a trapezoid, consists of two courtyards, a two-domed lobby, hujras, mosques and darskhans.	Musa Tura, who was killed in a battle with the Turkmen Emuds in 1855, is buried here. The restored building houses a handicraft shop.
Muhammad Amin Khan Madrasah	1851-54	Located in the western part of Ichan-Kala, adjacent to the Kalta-Minor minaret.	When erecting this building, Muhammad Amin Khan wanted to surpass in size and comfort all other madrasas of the city.	The facade of the largest Madrasah of Central Asia is decorated with glazed brick ornaments. Here, for the first time in Khiva, two-story residential hujras were arranged (two-room on the first floor and with loggias facing the front side of the building - on the second).	In addition to a theological school for 260 students, the building housed the office of the Higher Muslim Courtyard. Currently, there are a hotel, cafe and other organizations.
Muhammad Amin Inak Madrasah	1785	Located opposite the western corner of Tash Hauli.	Built at the expense of Muhammad Amin-Inak .	The plan has the shape of a rectangle elongated in the transverse direction. The portal proportionally divides the facade into two one-story wings with unused niches and guldast towers on the sides. The main principle of construction has been preserved - the location of residential hujras around the courtyard and a common hall at the entrance.	Muhammad Amin’s son, Kutli-Murad-Inah (Bala Khan), who was killed in the struggle for the throne, is buried here.
Madrasah of Muhammad Rahim Khan II	1871-76	Located opposite the gate of the Kunya-Ark Citadel.	The construction was carried out by order of Muhammad Rahim Khan .	Rectangular in plan, the madrasah has a high entrance portal decorated with majolica, flanked by wings with arcades of niches, and two courtyards, along the perimeter of which are located one or two floors of arched hujras covered by domes of "balkh". There are small towers in the corners of the main courtyard with four aivans .	One of the largest madrasahs in the city consists of a darskhona, a library, winter and summer mosques and 76 hujras.
Tolib Maxuma Madrasah	1910	Bordered by the northern walls of the Islam Khoja Madrasah.	Built by a calligrapher and confidant of Khan Talib Maxum ; masters - Khudaibergen Khoja and Kalandar Kochim.	In the center is a rectangular courtyard with asymmetrically located rooms. The entrance is decorated with masonry using the "scarf" technique.	They taught calligraphy.
Khoji Maram Madrasah	1839	Located at the western wall of the Juma mosque.	Built by one of the advisers of Allakuli Khan.	One-story asymmetric building with a protruding training room ( darskhan ) at the northeast corner.	It consists of 12 hujras located along the ring of the courtyard and winter and summer mosques.
Khodzhamberdybiya Madrasah	1834	It is located near the eastern gate of Palvan-Darvaz, in front of the Allakuli Khan Madrasah.	As a result of the restructuring by the Allakuli Khan of the mosque in 1688, two separate small courtyards were formed, due to which the madrasah, due to external similarity, was called Khurdjum [5] .		It consists of 16 hujras and a domed square room - darskhana. Entrance doors are decorated with wood carvings.
Shergazi Khan Madrasah	1718-26	Located in the center of Ichan-Kala, in front of the entrance to the Mausoleum of Pahlavan Mahmud ; Opposite its western walls is the Madrasulbai Mirzaboshi Madrasah.	One of the oldest and largest madrasahs in Khiva was built by the captives of Shergazi Khan , captured by him in 1718 during a raid on Khorasan and Mashhad . Khan, who promised to free people after the construction is completed, delayed the completion of work. In the end, in 1720, enraged captives killed him in an unfinished madrasah (the mausoleum of Shergazi Khan adjoins the western corner of the main facade of the madrasah).	The one-story building with a two-story entrance includes a courtyard with four aivans , a complex of lobby rooms and a lecture hall. Due to the natural subsidence of the soil and the increase in burials, the entrance is two meters below the level of the road.	Here, both residents of the Khiva Khanate and Turkmenistan received education, including the poets Makhtumkuli and Azhiniyaz .
Yusuf Yasulbashi Madrasah	1906	Located opposite the Musa Tura Madrasah.	Built with funds from the head of the Khan’s police, Yusuf Yasulbashi; master - Kalandar Kochim.	The building is in the shape of a rectangle with small towers in the corners.
Madrassah of Yakubbai Khoja	1873	Located west of the mausoleum of Pahlavan-Mahmud.	Raised at the expense of the merchant Yakubbai Khoja.	The plan has the shape of a rectangle elongated along the west-east longitudinal axis. The lobby group ends with a domed room leading through an arched opening into the courtyard. In the northeast corner is a small domed mosque.

Outside the city is a one-story, stretched from south to north Madrasah of Ibrahim Khoja (1888), built at the expense of Ibrahim Khoja, a close associate of Muhammad Rahim Khan II.