Ahsitan Ibn Minuchihr III - the 21st Shirvanshah , who ruled from 1160 to 1197 ; representative of the Kesranids dynasty.
| Ahsitan Ibn Minuchihr III | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abu l-Muzaffar Jalal ad-Din al-Malik Ahsitan ibn Minuchihr Hakan-i-Buzurg, Kabir or Akbar | |||||||
 Copper fulus of Akhsitat I. Museum of the History of Azerbaijan , Baku | |||||||
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| Predecessor | Afridun II | ||||||
| Successor | Shahanshah | ||||||
| Birth | |||||||
| Death | 1197 | ||||||
| Kind | Quesranides | ||||||
| Father | Minuchihr III the Great | ||||||
| Mother | Tamar | ||||||
| Spouse | Ismataddin (? - 1192) | ||||||
| Children | Fahr ad-Dunya wa-d-Din Abu l-Fath Muhammad Shah (? - 1176), Minuchihr (1176–1192) | ||||||
| Religion | Islam | ||||||
Content
- 1 Origin and life before reign
- 2 coming to power
- 3 Board
- 3.1 Construction of castles and fortresses
- 4 Literature
- 5 notes
Origin and life before the reign
Father - Minuchikhr III the Great . The mother of Akhsitan was the Georgian princess Tamar, therefore, close allied relations were established with Georgia. Akhsitan was married to Ismataddin - the daughter of the Georgian king George III . The Byzantine Emperor Andronicus I Komnenus was a cousin of Akhsitan I on the maternal side and often stayed in Shirvan. At critical moments, three kindred monarchs helped each other. It was the troops of Ahsitan I who suppressed the rebellion of Tsarevich Demna and helped to save his throne to Tsar George III. In 1173, a coalition of Shirvan, Georgian and Byzantine forces defeated roaming pirates, Rus, 73 of whose ships attacked the city of Baku .
The rise to power
After the death of Minuchihr III, the situation in Shirvan became complicated. The struggle for the throne between the sons began. The Shirvan nobility intensified, trying to carry out a coup d'etat even under Minuchikhra III. Taking advantage of the turmoil in the palace, Tamara, together with her youngest son and a group of nobles, tried to annex Shirvan to Georgia, relying on Kipchat Turks. However, her plan was upset by the intervention of the Atabek state of Azerbaijan . The eldest son of Minuchehr Ahsitan I seized power with the help of the armed forces of Atabek Shemseddin Ildeghiz.
Board
During his reign, Akhsitan restored friendly relations with the Seljuk Turks. He maintained friendly relations and relied on the state of the Atabeks of Azerbaijan. He also began to maintain good neighborly relations with Georgia. Ahsitan in 1173 rendered military assistance to Gregory III suppressed the rebellion of Tsarevich Demna. During the reign of Ahsitan I, the Derbent reign became dependent on the state of the Shirvanshahs. When Shamakhi was destroyed by a terrible earthquake in 1192, Ahsitan I moved the capital to the city of Baku . He participated in the Battle of Shamkhor in 1195 against Atabek Abu Bakr.
By order of Akhsitan, Nizami Ganjavi wrote his third poem “ Leili and Majnun ” [1] [2] [3] [4] . On the occasion of the death of Shirvanshah, Nizami dedicated a verse in the poem "Sharaf-name":
If the roses and cypress of Shah Akhsatan are gone,
but you are greener in this garden.
If he exalted me with gifts,
raised me from the earth to a high firmament
you held me better and higher
I didn’t leave the garden gate closed before me.
Castles and fortresses construction
Ahsitan I was known as a builder of towers and fortresses because he paid great attention to strengthening the defense capabilities of his state. The towers and fortresses built by Ahsitan on Absheron have survived to this day.
Famous buildings:
- Maiden's Tower (1175), although some scholars [ who? ] they believe that Ahsitan only restored it;
- Quadrangular castle in Mardakan (1187).
Literature
- Minorsky V.F. History of Shirvan and Derbent . - M. , 1963.
- Ashurbeyli S. State of the Shirvanshahs. - B. , 1983.
Notes
- ↑ Nizami Ganjavi. Leili and Majnun. On the occasion of the 840th anniversary of Nizami Ganjavi. Translation from Farsi, foreword and comments by Rustam Aliyev. / Editor A.V. Starostin. - B .: Elm, 1981. - S. 8. - 388 p. - 4000 copies.
- ↑ Sarah Ashurbeyli . State of the Shirvanshahs (VI — XVI centuries). - B .: Elm, 1983 .-- S. 143-144. - 341 p.
At the same time, another brilliant poet Nizami received great fame throughout the Middle East, who wrote in 1188, by order of Akhsitan, the poem "Leili and Majnun."
- ↑ Yuriko Yamanaka. The Desert as a Realm of Unbound Passion: Love and Madness in the Tale of Layla and Majnun // Cultural change in the Arab world / Edited by Tetsuo Nishio. - Kokuritsu Minzokugaku Hakubutsukan (National Ethnology Museum), 2001. - No. 55 . - S. 149 .
The most famous Persian rendering of this tale is the epic romance Layla va Majnun by Nizami Ganjavi (1141-1209 AD). His Layla and Majnun (1188 AD) is the third work in his Khamza (Quintet, a collection of five great epic poems), and was written by the order of Akhsatan, a king of the Shirvan-shah dynasty.
- ↑ Michiko Suzuki. Oral Tradition of Epic and Folktales. - Music culture in West Asia. - National Museum of Ethnology, 1980.- S. 103. - 155 p.
Its popularization was accelerated by Layli Majnun , a romantic epic of about 4,000 verses, composed in 1188 by Nizami, at the request of Akhsatan I of Azerbaijan.