Doppler meter

The principle of operation is based on the use of the Doppler effect, according to which, the frequency of the received signal reflected from the target may differ from the frequency of the emitted signal and the difference depends on the ratio of the speeds of the objects relative to each other.

By the nature of radiation ( radio waves , light , sound ), Doppler meters are respectively of three types:

• radar, otherwise radio waves (Doppler radars);
• laser, otherwise optical (Doppler lidars);
• acoustic (including hydroacoustic), otherwise sound, ultrasonic (Doppler sonars).

According to the characteristic of the signal, the meters can be either pulsed or with continuous radiation.

Doppler flow meters of liquid and gaseous media operate by reflecting radiation from microparticles suspended in these media.

Doppler meters are used for various purposes in many sectors of production, transport, medicine , scientific and practical research, as well as in military affairs.

• On-board meters:
  • Doppler speed and drift meters for determining the ground speed vector of an airplane, helicopter. At present, only radar-type meters are used in aviation . DOS - article Doppler speed and drift meter .
  • Ship Doppler meters - radar and sonar .
  • On-board locomotive meters - radar and laser.
  • Doppler meters in astronautics.
• Technological meters:
  • The solids velocity measuring instruments are laser.
  • Measuring the flow rate of liquid or granular media - ultrasonic and laser, including ultrasonic flow meters.
• Medical meters:
  • Doppler blood flow meter - ultrasonic.
  • Laser Doppler flowmeters - analyzers for non-invasive diagnosis of microcirculatory circulation .
  • Ultrasound Doppler Tomographs.
  • Fetal Dopplers.
• Measuring instruments for traffic control:
  • Vehicle speed measuring instruments are radar (main article - Police Radar ) and laser.
• Hydro / weather gauges:
  • Laser Doppler meters in meteorological studies.
  • Hydroacoustic Doppler meters in hydrology, oceanology, DOS. article - Acoustic Doppler flow meter .
• Alarm Systems:
  • Radio wave and ultrasonic Doppler detectors for enclosed spaces.
  • Doppler alarm systems for open spaces.
• Measuring instruments for military-technical and reconnaissance purposes.

Literature

• Barton D. and Ward G. Handbook of Radar Measurements. Per. from English under the editorship of M. M. Weisbenna - M.: Sov. radio, 1976.
• Grishin Yu.P., Ipatov V.P., Kazarinov Yu.M. Radio engineering systems - 1990.
• Hill K. The use of ultrasound in medicine. Physical Foundations - 1989 .

Regulatory and technical documentation

• GOST R 50856–96 Radar vehicle speed measuring instruments. General technical requirements. Test methods.
• GOST R 50659-94 Alarm systems.
• GOST R 51657.5-2002 Water metering in irrigation and drainage systems. A method of measuring water flow using ultrasonic (acoustic) speed meters. General technical requirements.
• GOST R 50444-92 Medical devices, apparatus and equipment. General specifications.

• Laser Doppler meters in the hot rolling metering system
• Laser Doppler Anemometer
• Laser Doppler Measurement Systems
• GAI speed meters
• Ship speed meters
• RADAR METHOD OF EXPRESS CONTROL OF THE BRAKE SYSTEM OF MOTOR VEHICLES

• Doppler effect
• Doppler speed and drift meter
• Acoustic Doppler Current Meter
• Police radar
• Speedometer
• Radar
• Lidar