Abruptive (abruptive, ejektivnyh consonant) - non-pulmonary (non-pulmonary), mostly explosive consonants , formed by the rapid movement of the larynx upward with the closed glottis , and then the relaxation of the oral bow. While in the pulmonary consonants the overpressure in the articulation space arises with the help of air coming out of the lungs, in the abruptive pressures the overpressure is created by the pressure of the air between the closed glottis and the mouth of the bow.
| Ways to form consonants |
|---|
| Noisy |
| Stingy |
| Blasting |
| Affricates |
| Slotted |
| Sibilant |
| Sonoric |
| Nasal |
| Single impact |
| Shivering |
| Approximants |
| Smooth |
| Vowels |
| Sliding ( semi-open ) |
| Lateral |
| Air flow |
| Abruptive |
| Ingressive |
| Implosive |
| Snapping |
| Fonation |
| Voicing start time (VOT) |
| Voiced |
| Deaf |
| Inhalation |
| This page contains information about the International Phonetic Alphabet , the signs of which may be incorrectly displayed in some browsers. |
Abruptives are present in about 20% of languages, including Indian , African, and Caucasian languages , and Itelmen . They are denoted by the apostrophe : [ pʼ ], [ sʼ ], [ tʼ ], [ kʼ ], and so on. [1]
In Unicode, there is a special character modifier letter apostrophe (ʼ) (U + 02BC), which differs from both the usual apostrophe and the minute sign (′).
In 2013, Caleb Everett published evidence that abruptive consonants are found primarily in languages spoken in mountainous areas [2] .
See also
- Implosive consonants
Notes
- ↑ IPA: non-pulmonic consonants (English) . International Phonetic Association (2005). The appeal date is October 28, 2017.
- ↑ Evidence for Direct Geographic Influences on Linguistic Sounds: The Case of Ejectives