Katoba , Catawba , in Russian the name is sometimes incorrectly conveyed as "katavba" (also known as Issa , Esaw , but more often Iswa ) - a tribe ("nation") of the Indians recognized at the federal level in the USA. Lives in the southeastern United States , along the border between North and South Carolina . The Katoba were considered one of the most powerful tribes of the Sioux group. The Katoba migrated to the southeastern United States in the mid-17th century. Their former habitat is the subject of debate; the most common hypothesis connects their homeland with the central and southeastern Great Lakes region . [one]
| Katoba | |
|---|---|
| Abundance and area | |
| Total: 2,600 | |
 South Carolina  Oklahoma | |
| Tongue | english , katoba |
| Religion | Christianity |
Content
History
Having mastered agriculture early, the katoba friendly met European colonists. At the same time, the katoba constantly clashed with the Iroquois , Shawnee , Lenape , Cherokee and other tribes of the Ohio Valley. [one]
Despite their small numbers, the katoba provided military support to independence supporters during the US War of Independence. They participated in the battle at Guildford Court ( en: Battle of Guilford Court House ). Despite the assistance provided during the war, the white settlers treacherously took away more land from the katoba, occupying them with their plots. [one]
Before the War of Independence, the tribe was estimated at 5,000. The fighting and the smallpox epidemic led to the fact that the weakened tribe was forced to cede part of their reservation in 1826 to the whites and the remaining tribal lands in 1840. The state of North Carolina refused to give the tribe land, and the state of South Carolina granted them 3.2 km², where the tribe lives to this day. [2]
Religion and Culture
Katoba traditionally believed in Manata, the creator of the world. The cult included the trinity of the main gods: Manatu (creator), Kaya (turtle) and the son of Manatu. Perhaps this trinity formed already in the colonial period under the influence of the Christian tradition of the Holy Trinity.
Around 1883, Mormon missionaries arrived in the tribe, and many Katoba Indians converted to the Mormon religion. [3] [4]
Modern Lifestyle
Every year, the Katoba tribe celebrates Yap Ye Iswa , which roughly means "people's day", or "river people's day."
In the states of North and South Carolina, fame was the original pottery of the Katoba tribe, especially made near the city of Charleston (South Carolina) . Local chefs believe that a number of dishes - for example, okra soup - lose their taste if they are not cooked in original ceramics.
In 2006, the Katoba tribe lost a lawsuit at the state level for the right to play gambling in the field of electronic poker. [five]
As of 2006, there are approximately 2,600 Katoba Indians, mainly in South Carolina, as well as smaller groups in the states of Oklahoma , Colorado, and several others. The Katoba Reservation population in York County, South Carolina was 124 as of 1990.
Language
The Katoba language is part of the Sioux family of languages as a separate branch. The number of Americans claiming the roots of the Katoba has grown slightly in recent years. But the Katoba language is still dead, despite growing interest and attempts at rebirth. [6]
Literature
- Drye, Willie (Nov. 14, 2005). "Excavated Village Unlocks Mystery of Tribe's Economy . " National Geographic News .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Sultzman, Lee. Catawba History. Clay Hound: Native American Traditional Pottery. (retrieved March 14, 2009)
- ↑ South Carolina Indian Tribes. Access Genealogy: Indian Tribal Records. (retrieved March 14, 2009)
- ↑ Encyclopedia of Latter-day Saint History , p. 1165
- ↑ Hoxie, Frederick E. Encyclopedia of North American Indians . Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1996: 103. ISBN 978-0395669211 (retrieved through Google Books, March 14, 2009)
- ↑ US Supreme Court Order List - October 1, 2007
- ↑ Sturtevant, William C. “Siouan Languages in the East.” American Anthropologist , New Series, Vol. 60, No. 4 (Aug., 1958), pp. 738-743 (retrieved through Jstor.org, March 14, 2009)