Government

Management body - the general name of a structure somewhere ( state , society, and so on) that performs the tasks of managing something.

Content

1 State
2 Commerce
- 2.1 Classification
3 See also
4 notes
5 Literature
6 References

State

The governing body in the state - specific (for example: President of the Russian Federation , Government of the USSR , Ministry of Internal Affairs and others) and abstract (generalized) (for example: Federal authorities , Federal Service , Local Administration and others) entities and objects intended for management ( performance of functions) by the state and its subjects at different levels.

They are divided into:

higher
lower
central
federal
regional
local
and so on.

as well as on:

central governing body
main governing body
local government
and so on and so forth.

Commerce

The management body in a joint-stock company or limited liability company is one of the four possible bodies stipulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation - Russia on joint-stock companies and limited liability companies through which the company exercises its legal capacity . At the same time, two of them - the general meeting and the sole executive body - are mandatory, and the creation of the Board of Directors (supervisory board) and the collegial executive body are at the discretion of the company itself (with the exception of joint stock companies with more than fifty shareholders for which the Russian Law “On joint-stock companies ”also provides for the mandatory election of the Board of Directors).

The functioning of governing bodies in society is carried out according to the principle of separation of powers. Moreover, the most important issues of the company’s activities are referred to the competence of the general meeting, and operational management issues are referred to the competence of the sole executive body. At the same time, they sometimes talk about the principle of “residual competence” of the sole executive body, since it is believed that it is in charge of resolving all issues that are not directly related to the competence of other management bodies of the company by the laws of Russia and the Charter of the company.

Classification

Governing bodies in a commercial organization can be classified according to several parameters:

by quantitative composition - they distinguish between collegial management bodies ( general meeting , board of directors and collegial executive body ), consisting of a group of persons, and the sole management body (sole executive body ), which is an individual or legal entity . In this case, however, the general meeting may be represented by a single shareholder or participant. In this case, the legislation provides for facilitated procedural requirements for the convening of such general meetings and the procedure for making decisions.
by the nature of managerial activity, they distinguish between strategic management bodies ( general meeting and board of directors ) and operational (executive) management bodies (sole and collective executive bodies ).
by type of persons who can be part of a particular body, they distinguish between bodies consisting solely of individuals ( board of directors and a collegial executive body ) and bodies that can be represented by both individuals and legal entities ( general meeting , sole executive body ).
in the field of law governing the relationship of the company with persons included in the governing bodies, they distinguish between governing bodies whose activities are governed exclusively by civil law ( general meeting , board of directors ) and governing bodies whose activities are governed by both civil and labor laws ( collegial and sole executive bodies ).

Notes

Literature

Krader, Lawrence (1968). Formation of the State , in Foundations of Modern Anthropology Series . Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. x, 118 p.
A. Denisov. Government // Big Soviet Encyclopedia : In 65 volumes / Ch. ed. O. Yu. Schmidt . - 1st ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1940. - T. 46 (Gender - Optical Prisms). - S. 624-625. - 816 s. - 45,500 copies.
Government // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : in 51 volumes / B. A. Vvedensky . - 2nd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1955. - T. 34 (Poland - Procambius). - S. 348—349. - 656 p.
Chirkin, V.E. State Science: Textbook / V.E. Chirkin. - M.: Yurist, 1999 .-- 398 pp. - ISBN 5-7975-0164-3
Samuel E. Finer . The History of Government from the Earliest Times (history of government from ancient times), in 3 vols. Oxford University Press: Oxford , 1997 and 1999.
Cherdantsev, A.F. Theory of state and law: textbook. for universities. - Moscow: Yurist, 2003 .-- 393 pp. - ISBN 5-7975-0616-5
Kashanina, T.V. Fundamentals of Russian law: Textbook for universities. - M.: NORMA, 2003 .-- 769 p. - ISBN 5-89123-717-2
Marchenko, M. N. Theory of state and law: textbook. [for universities] / M.N. Marchenko. - Ed. 2nd, rev. and add. - M.: Prospect, 2009 .-- 637 p. - ISBN 978-5-392-00548-2
Morozova, L. A. Theory of State and Law - M .: Publishing House. Eksmo, - 2009 - ISBN 978-5-699-25310-4