The set of basic state laws [1] [2] (of the Russian Empire [3] ) - a set of laws relating to the general principles of the state system of the Russian Empire , which included the previous sources of law , was in force in Russia from January 1 (12), 1835 [3] on September 1 (14), 1917 .
For the first time, the Basic Laws were codified under the guidance of M. M. Speransky and included in Volume 1 of the Code of Laws of the Russian Empire , published in 1832 and put into effect in 1833 by the Manifesto of the Russian Emperor [3] Nicholas I. For work on the Code of Laws M. M. Speransky was awarded the highest state award - the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called .
On April 23, 1906, the Basic Laws were amended in connection with the publication by the Russian Emperor Nicholas II on August 6, 1905 of the Manifesto on the establishment of the State Duma , on October 17, 1905, the Manifesto "On Improving the State Order" and on February 20, 1906, the Manifesto on the Reorganization of the State Council . As amended on April 23, 1906, the Basic State Laws became in fact the first constitution of Russia; they consisted of two sections, 17 chapters and 223 articles.
The set of basic state laws of 1906 was published by the All-Russian Emperor and was never adopted either by the people or by people's representatives. The main state laws of 1906 vested the State Duma of the Russian Empire with a number of legislative powers. They did not contain a chapter on local self-government - local government bodies remained zemstvo assemblies , whose powers and suffrage during elections were determined at that time by the regulation on zemstvo institutions of 1890 . The right to vote in elections to the State Duma was determined by the election regulations, the first of which was published in 1905, the second in 1907; in 1917, a regulation was published on elections to the All-Russian Constituent Assembly .
On September 1 (14), 1917, the Provisional Government proclaimed Russia a republic [4] . On January 5 (18), 1918, the All-Russian Constituent Assembly also declared Russia a republic [5] .
See also
- Code of Laws of the Russian Empire
Notes
- ↑ Code of Laws of the Russian Empire - (First Edition). - SPb. ., 1832. - Volume I. (Contents) . - Section I. - C. I.
- ↑ Code of Laws of the Russian Empire. - Unofficial edition / ed. and with approx. I.D. Mordukhai-Boltovsky, legal adviser to the Ministry of Justice and a teacher of civil proceedings at the Imperial School of Law. - SPb. : Book Partnership “The Worker”, 1912. - T. I. (Contents) - Part I.
- ↑ 1 2 3 The manifesto of January 31, 1833 "On the publication of the Code of Laws of the Russian Empire" // Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire . The second meeting. 1825-1881 (in 55 volumes + volumes of additions and indexes) - St. Petersburg. : Type of. II Branch of His Own Imperial Majesty Chancellery, 1830–1885 . - T. VIII. - Part 1. - S. 68 - 69 . - No. 5947.
- ↑ s: Decree on the Proclamation of Russia as a Republic
- ↑ s: Decree on the state structure of Russia (1918)
Literature
- Fundamental laws // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.