Nogin, Victor Pavlovich

Born in Moscow in the family clerk February 14, 1878 .

In 1892 he graduated from the 4-grade school in Kalyazin, Tver province .

From 1893 , at the age of 15, a worker at the Bogorodsko-Glukhovskaya textile manufactory (now JSC Glukhovsky Textile ^[1] ) in Bogorodsk, Moscow province .

In 1896 he moved to St. Petersburg , where he entered as an apprentice at the K. Dzh.Pal dyeing factory (behind the Nevsky Gate , in the 1920s - 1990s - the factory named after V.P. Nogin, now - Alexander Nevsky Manufactory ). Soon he began to attend Marxist circles. In 1897, he was one of the leaders of the strikes at the Pall factory, and in 1898 at the Semennikovsky plant.

In 1898, he joined the St. Petersburg Social Democratic group “ Workers' Banner ”.

In the second half of October 1898, Viktor was identified as a receiver at the Semyannikov factory.

Arrest, link to Poltava

On December 16, 1898, the 20-year-old Viktor was arrested for the first time on charges of organizing strikes and participating in an open clash between strikers and the police. During the year, until December 14, 1899, Nogin was in the St. Petersburg House of Preliminary Detention on Shpalernaya Street , while the Petersburg Gendarme Department was conducting the investigation.

After being released from prison, Nogin was sent into exile under public police supervision in Poltava . There Nogin organized among the local workers three Marxist groups: railway workers, workers of the tobacco factory and artisans. Also in Poltava, Nogin joined a group called Iskra, which was organized by Julius Martov .

Emigration agent Iskra

In August 1900, he voluntarily hid from Poltava, arrived in London . He joined the Leninist group. At first he corresponded with Vladimir Ulyanov (Lenin) who lived in Switzerland at that time, and then met with him in Munich , where the editorial board of Iskra was located and a newspaper was printed.

In 1901, Viktor Nogin and another London immigrant Sergey Andropov were among the first to become Iskra agents. Tsarist agents, however, watched their activities. On March 12, 1901, Sergey Zvolyansky , Director of the Police Department, signed the directive: “In view of the instructions received that the wanted ... nobleman Sergey Vasilyev Andropov intends to arrive from abroad on Russia using someone else’s passport, the Police Department considers it useful to send photographs with this card, in two types , named Andropov. But only by the beginning of July 1901, Nogin and Andropov appeared in Munich (in the conspiratorial Iskra Center) for receiving the latest instructions before leaving for Russia. The area of ​​action was chosen - Odessa . Resolved the issue of the route of penetration into Russia. To this end, Andropov and Nogin went to Berlin . Through the Iskra group of assistance and the smugglers connected with it, revolutionaries found themselves in Vilna with their old comrade in The Workman’s Banner Sergei Tsederbaum (Yakov). Here the plans of Andropov and Nogin changed dramatically. The three revolutionaries decided more important to go not to Odessa, but to St. Petersburg, where the affairs of Iskra were not brilliant. There they decided to establish the Iskra district newspaper. It was a complete misunderstanding of the main plan of the Iskra editorial board - to end the amateur work and rally local organizations around the central print organ.

Before agreeing on this decision with the editors, Nogin and Andropov left each other - Victor went to Moscow to visit his mother and brother.

July 20, 1901 Zvolyansky signed a telegram to the Moscow Security Department to Zubatov :

“ According to reliable instructions, Andropov and Novoselov moved from abroad to Russia ... They should now be in Moscow. Take meticulous measures to ascertain and establish persistent secret surveillance, accompanying with departures. Waiting for notification. Director Zvolyansky .

The police did not soon find out that the above-mentioned Novoselov was a worker, Viktor Nogin. However, in Moscow, the trail of a sparker was not found. And Victor was there and waited patiently for the editorial response. Finally, in mid-August 1901, Nogin received a letter to Kati ( Nadezhda Krupskaya ): “We have nothing against you and Bruskov going to St. Petersburg. Peter is very important to us, and we don’t have our own people there. Just how is Peter in terms of security for you? Now his person will go to Odessa ... Mostly what we object to ... is against the device of a mass newspaper (not literature, but a newspaper) ... Literature delivery to you will be provided ... ”.

Victor Nogin went to St. Petersburg. He previously wrote a letter to Birsk to Andropov (Bruskov), informing his comrade about the events. The correspondence between Moscow and the deaf Ural town does not pass by gendarmes. On August 21, Zvolyansky asked to find out the Ufa GZHU, whether the wanted Andropov was looking for his sister, in whose name there are conspiratorial letters. And already on August 26, he was arrested at the pier of Kazan.

Nogin arrived in St. Petersburg on September 2 .

On October 2, 1901, at 10:20 am, Nogin met in the Botanical Garden with Rebekah Rubinchik, who had recently arrived from Berlin as a student. On the same day, in the evening, a Iskra agent was arrested on the street of St. Petersburg side. Only then did the gendarmes get to know that Yablochkov, Novoselov and Nogin were one and the same person. ^[2]

Reference (1902-1903)

From August 30, 1902 to April 13, 1903, he served his exile in Nazarovo (the center of the Nazarov volost of the Achinsk district of the Yenisei province ) ^[3] .

RSDLP (b)

The editorial board and organization of Iskra led the work of uniting Russian revolutionary social democracy. In the spring of 1903, Nogin became an agent of the Organizing Committee for convening the II Congress of the RSDLP ^[4] . The convention was held in the summer in Brussels . Nogin joined the Bolsheviks.

In the spring of 1907, he was a delegate to the Fifth Congress of the RSDLP in London from a Moscow organization. At this congress he was elected a member of the Central Committee ^[5] .

In 1906-1907 he worked a lot on the creation of trade unions in Baku and Moscow, he was elected chairman of the Central Bureau of Moscow trade unions. Therefore, in 1907, at the V Congress of the RSDLP, he criticized the idea of ​​the Mensheviks about the "neutrality" of trade unions, and at the III Conference of the RSDLP (Kotka, Finland) defended the need for a closer connection of revolutionaries with the trade union and cooperative labor movement. His argument convinced many Bolsheviks, including Lenin, who later recognized this ^[6] .

Since 1910 a member of the Russian Bureau of the Central Committee. 8 arrests, 6 shoots, 6 years spent in prisons.

In 1912-1914 was in exile in Verkhoyansk . He arrived in Verkhoyansk on July 12, 1912. There V.P. Nogin wrote a book of memoirs “In the country of the polar cold” (published in 1919 under the title “At the pole of the cold”) ^[7] .

Since the beginning of the First World War, has led defeatist propaganda in Saratov , and since 1916 - in the Moscow province . He served in Zemgor.

After the February events of 1917 , having the opportunity to continue his business legally, he went to the front, calling on the soldiers to turn their bayonets against the government.

In April 1917, at the conference of the RSDLP (b) (April 24-29), together with Kamenev and Rykov, he spoke out against Lenin 's “ April theses ”.

In August 1917, he joined the Provisional Committee on Combating Counter-Revolution "to organize repulse against the Kornilov conspirators."

September 17 was elected the first Bolshevik chairman of the Moscow Council of Workers' Deputies. He held the position until November 14, when the Council of Workers 'Deputies merged with the Council of Soldiers' Deputies into the Moscow Council of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies , which became the highest authority in Moscow .

At the All-Russian Democratic Conference held in Petrograd , September 4–22 (September 27 – October 5 ), 1917, favored the participation of the Bolsheviks in the Pre-Parliament .

During the October Revolution led the Moscow Revolutionary Military Committee . Under his leadership, the Bolsheviks won in Moscow. People's Commissar for Trade and Industry in the first Council of People's Commissars .

On November 4, together with Kamenev , Zinoviev and Rykov, Nogin signed a statement at the All-Russian Central Executive Committee stating the need “to form a socialist government from all Soviet parties ... outside of this there is only one way: to preserve a purely Bolshevik government by means of political terror. The Council of People's Commissars entered on this path ... We cannot be held responsible for this policy and therefore we give up the title of People's Commissars to the CEC. ” On the same day, Nogin signed a statement to the Central Committee of the RSDLP (b), where it was said that the determination of the Central Committee to prevent the formation of a coalition socialist government was a disastrous policy pursued "despite an enormous part of the proletariat and soldiers eager for an early end to bloodshed between separate parts of democracy ... We are leaving the Central Committee at the moment of victory ... because we cannot calmly watch how the policy of the Central Committee’s leading group leads to the loss by the working party of the fruits of this victory. ”

However, after three weeks, Nogin “admitted mistakes” and continued to work in senior positions, but now of a lower level. He occupied the posts of labor commissar of the Moscow region , and then deputy people's commissar of labor of the RSFSR .

Candidate for membership in the Central Committee of the RCP (B.) (1920-1921). Member of the Central Audit Commission of the RCP (b) (1921-1924). Chairman of the Central Audit Commission of the RCP (b) (1921-1924).

V.P. Nogin died on May 22, 1924 . He was buried on Red Square in Moscow in a mass grave .

On January 26, 1930, the newspapers Izvestia and Rabochaya Moskva posted a report on the Resolution of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee “... rename the city of Bogorodsk and the station of Bogorodsk in the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod railway. D. to the city and the station Noginsk, and the Bogorodsky district to Noginsky ” ^[8] .

Wife - Nogina, Olga Pavlovna (nee. Yermakova, 1885-1977) - pediatrician, Honored Doctor of the RSFSR, member of the RSDLP since 1906.

In honor of Nogin named:

• Streets, see Nogin Street for more details.
• spinning and weaving factory, the House of Culture and the lane in St. Petersburg
• the city of Bogorodsk in 1930 was renamed to Noginsk (Moscow region)
• the disappeared village of Noginsk in the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
• in Moscow, his name was Nogin Square (now divided into the Barbarian Gate Square and Slavyanskaya Square ); the station of the Moscow metro Kitai-gorod located on this square from the opening in 1971 until 1990 also bore the name "Nogin Square", a bust of a revolutionary remained in the station lobby; Kuntsevskaya Dermatinokleenochnaya Factory ^[9] (“The Death of a Young Pioneer” by E. Bagritsky: “... the pioneers of Kuntsev, the pioneers of Setun, the pioneers of the Nogin factory”); and Hosiery Factory on Suschevsky Val.
• in the city of Vichuga : Vichugskaya spinning and weaving mill them. V.P. Nogin ^[10]
• in Kovrov : House of Culture named after V.P. Nogin ^[11]
• in the city of Makhachkala , Nogin House of Culture.

• Nogin V.P. At the Pole of Cold, M., 1922.
• Nogin V.P. Among the Moscow Bolsheviks, in book: Year of Struggle, MP. 1927.

• Nogin, Viktor Pavlovich / Aksyutin Yu. V. // Nikolai Kuzansky - Ocean. - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2013. - p. 258-259. - (The Great Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 t.] / Ch. Ed. Yu. S. Osipov ; 2004–2017, Vol. 23). - ISBN 978-5-85270-360-6 .
• Arkhangelsk V.V. Nogin. - M .: Young Guard, 1964, 1966. - 432 s. - ( ЖЗЛ ; Вып. 384). - 105000,50000 copies .
• Lenin V.I. Complete. collected cit., 5th ed. (See Reference Volume, part 2, p. 460.)
• Podgorny I. A. V.P. Nogin. - L .: Lenizdat , 1966.
• Yu. M. Chernov. Favorite color - red: The Tale of Victor Nogin. - M .: Politizdat , 1970. - ( Fiery revolutionaries ) - 366 s, il.
  • Also. - 2nd ed., Corr. and add. - 1977. - 335 seconds, il.

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