Institute of General Genetics N.I. Vavilova (IOGEN) is an institution of the Russian Academy of Sciences . Among the research areas being developed at the institute are human genetics , population genetics , studying the structural and functional organization of the genome , elucidating the mechanisms of regulation and expression of genes , establishing the genetic principles of breeding [1] . At present, the Institute has 23 research units (15 laboratories, 7 research groups and one group under the directorate [2] ). The institute has a branch in St. Petersburg , which includes two research laboratories.
| Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Institute of General Genetics named after N. I. Vavilova of the Russian Academy of Sciences ( IOGEN RAS ) | |
|---|---|
| International name | Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Science |
| Based | 1966 |
| Director | A. M. Kudryavtsev |
| Graduate school | there is |
| Location |  Russia , Moscow |
| Legal address | 119991, Moscow , Gubkina street, 3 |
| Site | vigg.ru |
Content
History
The Institute of General Genetics was formally organized in 1966, however, it is historically and territorially associated with the Institute of Genetics of the USSR Academy of Sciences , which existed from 1930 to 1965.
Institute of Genetics, USSR Academy of Sciences
The initiative to create a scientific structure, which later became the Institute of Genetics of the USSR Academy of Sciences, belongs to the professor of the Petrograd University Yuri Alexandrovich Filipchenko . On February 14, 1921, Yu. A. Filipchenko spoke at a meeting of the KEPS Council, the Committee on the Natural Productive Forces of Russia, and substantiated the need for the organization of the Eugenics Bureau in Petrograd , which was done. During its existence, the Bureau was renamed several times: for the first time in 1925 it became known as the "Bureau of Genetics and Eugenics", in 1929 - the "Bureau of Genetics". In 1930, the Bureau was singled out as an independent institution in connection with the reorganization of the USSR Academy of Sciences and was called the “Laboratory of Genetics of the USSR Academy of Sciences” [3] .
In 1930, after the death of Yu. A. Filipchenko, the laboratory was headed by N. I. Vavilov , and in 1933 the laboratory was transformed into the Institute of Genetics of the USSR Academy of Sciences, which moved to Moscow in 1934 [3] . The core of the new institute was formed by the students of Yu. A. Filipchenko: T.K. Lepin, Ya. Y. Lus, Yu. A. Kerkis , NN Medvedev, M.L. Belgovsky , A.A. Prokofiev-Belgovskaya , N N. Kolesnik. The largest domestic and foreign geneticists were invited to work at the institute: A. A. Sapyogin , M. S. Navashin , S. M. Gershenzon , American geneticist German Möller (in the future, Nobel laureate) and Bulgarian geneticist Doncho Kostov [4] . In Moscow, the institute was located at: Leninsky Prospekt, building 33 (modern street name and house numbering). The greenhouse of the institute and the experimental fields were located at the place where IOGen is currently located (3 Gubkina St.). N. I. Vavilov remained the director of the institute until his arrest in 1940 [5] .
In 1941, T. D. Lysenko , who was in this position until 1965, was appointed director of the institute. In 1965, T. D. Lysenko was relieved of his duties as director of the Institute of Genetics of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and the institute itself was closed [6] .
Institute of General Genetics, USSR Academy of Sciences
In 1956, N.P.Dubinin organized the Laboratory of Radiation Genetics at the Institute of Biophysics of the USSR Academy of Sciences .
In April 1966, the Institute of General Genetics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR was organized on the basis of the laboratory of radiation genetics and the three laboratories of the former Institute of Genetics, the first director of which (1966-1981) was academician N. P. Dubinin. In 1976, the institute received a new building built at 3 Gubkina Street. The author and chief architect of the building project was Leonid Aronovich Yakovenko [7] .
The first director of IOGEN, academician N.P. Dubinin, made a huge contribution to the restoration of genetics in the USSR after the Lysenko era, he also successfully engaged in the popularization of genetics. However, he was characterized by an authoritarian management style, which over the years led to a conflict with his institute. In 1980, a collective letter was received by the Department of General Biology of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR from a large number of IOGEN researchers, reporting a reluctance to work under the direction of Academician N.P. Dubinin. In the 1981 regular election of the Director of IOGEN in the Department of General Biology of the USSR Academy of Sciences, the candidacy of N. P. Dubinin for the post of director did not pass the vote with four votes in favor and twenty against. After that, N.P. Dubinin was relieved of his post as director of the IOGEN Academy of Sciences of the USSR [6] .
In 1981-1988, the director of the institute was the vice-president of VASKHNIL and academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR A. A. Sozinov . Under his leadership, the institute was significantly modernized: part of the laboratories was closed, part of the laboratories was restructured, new laboratories headed by scientists invited from outside appeared in the institute [6] . In 1983, the Institute was named after N. I. Vavilov . By the centenary of N. I. Vavilov in 1987, a memorial cabinet-museum of academician N. I. Vavilov was opened at the institute [8] .
In 1988-1991, the post of director was held by corresponding member of the RAS S.V. Shestakov . In 1990, on his initiative, the Educational and Scientific Center for Genetics of IOG and the Department of Genetics and Breeding of Moscow State University was organized, which made it possible to attract many employees of the institute to teaching. It was one of the first academic and research centers at the Academy. In 1990, on the basis of the Department of Molecular Genetic Problems of IOGen, a new academic institute was created - the Institute of Gene Biology , whose director was G.P. Georgiev , who was two years earlier in 1988 as an alternative candidate for the position of head of IOGen [9] .
N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences
The first 14 years of the post-Soviet period (1992-2006), Academician Yu. P. Altukhov was the director of IOGEN. In 2005, the institute had a branch in St. Petersburg on the basis of St. Petersburg State University . This branch is one example of an academic unit at a university; it consists of two laboratories: a laboratory of plant genetics and biotechnology and a laboratory for the genetic modeling of human diseases [10] .
In 2006, N.K. Yankovsky was elected director, and in 2008 became a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Like other institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences, in 2006-2008, the institute underwent a 20% reduction in the number of researchers due to the relevant government decree [11] [12] . In addition, the institute was modernized during these years, as a result of which several laboratories were restructured and even disbanded. The vacant scientific rates were transferred to the newly created units, for the leadership of which scientists with high publication indicators were invited, who were able to attract additional extrabudgetary funding. The carried out reform created tension in the institute’s team, therefore, during the regular election of the director in 2011, the candidacy of N.K. Yankovsky was not supported by the general meeting of the institute’s employees (two thirds voted against). Despite this, the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences left him in his post [13] .
See also
- Akifiev, Alexey Pavlovich
- Ananyev, Evgeny Vitalievich
- Balanovsky, Oleg Pavlovich
- Borisov, Alexander Ilyich
- Polezhaev, Lev Vladimirovich
- Prozorov, Alexander Alexandrovich
- Rychkov, Yuri Grigoryevich
- Sakharov, Vladimir Vladimirovich
- Soifer, Valery Nikolaevich
- Ulitskaya, Lyudmila Evgenievna
- Shevchenko, Vladimir Andreevich
Notes
- ↑ Scientific directions . Official site of IOGEN. Date of treatment September 3, 2013. Archived on April 19, 2014.
- ↑ Official site of the IOGEN RAS .
- ↑ 1 2 Inge-Vechtomov S.G. Yuri Alexandrovich Filipchenko: on the 130th anniversary of his birth // Genetics. - 2012. - T. 48 , No. 3 . - S. 412-421 .
- ↑ Avrutskaya T. B. Memorial cabinet-museum of academician N. I. Vavilov // Almanac of the Museum Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences. - 2009.
- ↑ Popovsky M. The Case of Academician Vavilov . - M .: Book, 1991 .-- 303 p.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Bogdanov Yu. F. Institute of General Genetics named after N. I. Vavilova, USSR Academy of Sciences and academician N. P. Dubinin // Essays on biologists of the second half of the XX century. - Moscow: Partnership of scientific publications of KMK, 2012. - S. 110-132. - 508 s. - 400 copies. - ISBN 978-5-87317-806-3 .
- ↑ Yakovenko Leonid Aronovich. Biography . Date of treatment May 29, 2016.
- ↑ History of the institute . Official site of IOGEN. Date of treatment September 3, 2013. Archived on April 19, 2014.
- ↑ Shestakov S.V. Four years at IOGen (1988-1991) // History of the Institute of General Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences through the eyes of its employees. - M.-Izhevsk: Research Center “Regular and Chaotic Dynamics”, Institute for Computer Research, 2012. - P. 13-24 . - ISBN 978-5-93972-939-0 .
- ↑ Inge-Vechtomov S. G. Organization of a branch of the Institute of General Genetics named after N. I. Vavilova RAS in St. Petersburg // History of the Institute of General Genetics of the RAS through the eyes of its employees. - M.-Izhevsk: Research Center “Regular and Chaotic Dynamics”, Institute for Computer Research, 2012. - P. 5-12 . - ISBN 978-5-93972-939-0 .
- ↑ Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 22, 2006 No. 236 (as amended on April 7, 2007, as amended on September 7, 2007). On the implementation in 2006 - 2008 of a pilot project to improve the remuneration system for scientists and managers of scientific institutions and scientists of scientific centers of the Russian Academy of Sciences . Official website of the ConsultantPlus company. Date of treatment May 11, 2014.
- ↑ Geroeva A. Mikhail Fradkov optimized the Academy of Sciences . Kommersant (04/28/2006). Date of treatment August 15, 2013. Archived on April 19, 2014.
- ↑ The system is viable. A difficult history of the modernization of the institute . INFOX.ru (June 28, 2011). Date of treatment August 15, 2013. Archived on August 27, 2013.
Links
- St. Petersburg branch of the Institute of General Genetics N.I. Vavilova . Date of treatment June 13, 2012. Archived on August 8, 2012.
- Markina Nadezhda. A man and a mouse read DNA with difficulty . “Gazeta.ru” (03/28/2014). Date of treatment November 3, 2016.
- Drize Yuri. To the last sheet. Genogeographers recreate the genealogical tree of peoples (Inaccessible link) . The newspaper "Search" (07/15/2016). Archived December 30, 2018.