Adam and Havva

Adam ( Arabic: آدم ) is the first man and the first prophet ( nabi ). In Islamic tradition, it is also called Abu al-Bashar ("father of mankind") ^[1] and Safiullah ("purity of God") ^[2] .

Allah created Adam from unburnt dry clay ( sal-sal ) mixed with water ^[1] . According to legend, the angels mined clay, from which Adam was created, from Mecca and Yemen ^[3] . By the method of birth, Adam in the Qur'an is compared with the prophet Isa ( Jesus ) ^{[4] [5]} .

Having breathed life into Adam, Allah taught him the names of all things and appointed him his “deputy” ( caliph ) on earth ^[3] . Once the angels, speaking of the descendants of Adam, asked Allah: “ Will you establish on her the one who will commit wickedness and shed blood there? ". To this, Allah answered: “ Verily, I know that which you do not know ” ^[6] . Then Allah showed the angels his mental abilities: “ O Adam! Tell them their names. And when he told them their names, He said: “Didn’t I tell you that I know what is hidden in heaven and on earth, and I know what you discover and what you hide?” ” ^{[7] [1]} .

Allah commanded all angels to prostrate themselves before man and symbolically acknowledge the supremacy of man and his greatness before all the creations of Allah. Among the angels was a genie named Iblis , who refused to obey Allah’s order and “went astray” ^{[8] [3]} . In punishment for disobedience, Allah cast Iblis from heaven to earth ^[5] .

Allah settled Adam in Paradise ( Jannat ). Once, when Adam was sleeping, Allah created the wife of Havva from his left rib. Living in paradise, they had everything there that they could wish for, but Allah forbade them to eat fruits from one of the paradise trees. Iblis managed to penetrate into the Garden of Eden and convince the spouses that the fruits of this tree will give them eternal life and power. Adam and Havva were tempted and ate fruits, violating the prohibition of Allah. They first felt their nudity , which they were ashamed of. In punishment for disobeying the order of Allah, Adam and his wife were thrown to the ground, where they and their descendants were doomed to live and work ^{[9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14]} .

Allah promised Adam who was cast down to earth his guidance and mercy ^[3] . In Sura al-Araf (“Fences”), after mentioning the story of Adam, the refrain “About the sons of Adam” calls for believing in Allah, not giving in to the machinations of the shaitan , not justifying your sins and disbelief that the ancestors allegedly behaved ^{[5 ]} .

Cast to the ground in Ceylon , Adam reached Aden (modern Yemen ), and then met with his wife near Mount Arafat near Mecca ^[5] . He was sent down from the paradise the Black Stone ( Hajar al-aswad ), for which he built the first building of the Kaaba ^[3] .

Adam became in Muslim tradition and the first in a chain of prophets to be completed by the prophet Muhammad . The controversial question was whether he could claim the right to be called the term “messenger” ( rasul ). Among mystics, Adam became the embodiment of the divine essence of man, since Allah breathed into him his own spirit ( ruh ) ^[5] .

Adam spoke many languages, but in Arabic - in Arabic . He was buried in a “treasure cave” near Mecca, and after the flood his body was transferred to Jerusalem ^[3] . Some theologians claimed that after death Adam ascended to heaven and will remain there until Judgment Day ( kiyamat ) ^[5] .

Adam was a prophet and taught his offspring the basics of religion. Through the angel Jibril, Adam received revelation from Allah. He was sent "scrolls" ( Sukhuf ), which contained religious precepts for the first people ^[1] .

Havva ( Arabic: حواء - source of life) - the wife of Adam, the biblical Eve . In the Qur'an, her name is not mentioned, but simply the “spouse” of Adam is mentioned ^[15] .

Islamic tradition reports on her creation from Adam’s rib, on how she gave her husband wine and persuaded him to taste the forbidden fruit ^[16] , on how Iblis seduced her with the help of a four-legged snake ^[5] . After being expelled from paradise, Havwa ended up in Arabia, in Jeddah . After meeting with Adam near Arafat, she made a pilgrimage ( hajj ) with him ^[17] .

According to one version, Havva was buried next to Adam ^[16] , according to another - in Jeddah, in a place called the Grave of our mother Havva ( Mukbarat is clever Havva ). In 1975, by order of the Saudi authorities, the place of the grave was concreted, because after the Hajj season, pilgrims, in violation of Islamic traditions, prayed at the grave of Havva ^{[18] [19]} . The French geographer Emil-Felix Gauthier (1864-1940) estimated the length of the tomb within about 130 meters ^[20] .

Here is how an employee of the Russian consulate in Jeddah, Shakirzyan Ishaev, describes the grave of Havva in 1895 ^[21] :

There are no special attractions in the city, with the exception of the graves of Eve, located outside the city, in the middle of a large cemetery. The grave of the foremother of all people has a length of up to 60 arshins , something like a marble slab with Arabic inscriptions is placed in the head, and a date palm grows, some shrubs grow in the legs. Two rooms under one roof were built above the middle of the grave: one of them is considered a mosque , and the other has a tomb to which pilgrims come and attach. At the exit, outside, there is a tank hollowed out in a large stone, reminiscent of a deck in which horses are watered, water is poured into it. Many sheikhs live here, and even more poor women and children; they collect alms from pilgrims who worship. As stated above, Eve’s grave is surrounded by a cemetery ...

According to Muslim tradition, as a punishment for the sins of Havva, women are doomed to physical suffering - pregnancy, childbirth, etc. ^[22]

Having made a wife for Adam, Allah told them: “ O Adam! You and your wife have settled in paradise and eat from there for pleasure wherever you wish, but do not approach this tree in order not to be from the unrighteous ” ^[23] . Iblis tricked Adam and Havva, saying: " Your Lord forbade you this tree only so that you would not become angels or immortals " ^[24] . Adam and Havva tasted the fruits of this tree, after which "... their shameful places were exposed, and they began to stick heavenly leaves upon themselves." After Adam and his wife sinned , Allah told them: “ Have I not forbidden you this tree and told you that Satan is a clear enemy for you? " ^[25] . The couple repented of their deed and answered: “ Our Lord! We have offended ourselves, and if You do not forgive us and have mercy on us, we will suffer a loss ” ^[26] . Allah answered them: “Cast down! One for you is an enemy for others. For you on earth land and use for a while ” ^{[27] [1]} .

In Islamic theology, the question was discussed of what the forbidden paradise tree was and the leaves of which tree Adam and Havva covered their nakedness ^[5] .

In the Islamic tradition, there are stories that Adam descended to the earth on the island of Ceylon, and Havva - in Jeddah (modern Saudi Arabia ). For 200 years, they repented and prayed to Allah for forgiveness . Allah accepted their prayers, forgave them for their complete sin ^[28] and ordered them to make a pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj). Adam and Havva met in the Arafat Valley. Arriving on the territory of modern Mecca , Adam proceeded to the construction of the Kaaba , after which he regularly made a pilgrimage to it ^[1] .

Then Adam and his wife went to the side of modern Syria , where they gave birth to numerous offspring, from which all of humanity went. Havva gave birth to children 20 times, and each time, with the exception of the last son, twins were born. Thus in her entire life she gave birth to 39 children. The interval between births was two years ^[29] . Among the famous children are the sons of Shis , Kabil and Habil , the daughters of Labud and Aklim ^[30] . Some traditions say that Adam lived 2000 years, and Havva died forty years after his death ^[1] .

The instructions of the Koran that Allah retained his patronage to Adam and his descendants, granted him forgiveness ^{[31] [32] [33]} , attracted special attention of Islamic theologians. This motive was in tune with the problem of predestination ( cadar ) ^[5] .

• Adam (peace be upon him) and Havva (neopr.) . ISLAMDAG.RU. Date of treatment August 11, 2016.