Greater St. Bernard ( German: Grosser Sankt Bernhard , Italian. Colle del Gran San Bernardo , French Col du Grand-Saint-Bernard ) - a pass in the Alps , through which since the times of the Roman Empire the main route connecting the north of Italy with central Europe passed [1] .
| Greater Saint Bernard | |
|---|---|
| him. Grosser sankt bernhard | |
 Hospital de Sant Bernat | |
| Characteristics | |
| Saddle Height | 2469 m |
| Location | |
| A country |
|
| Mountain system | Alps |
| Ridge or array | Pennine Alps |
The height of the pass is 2469 m above sea level.
In 1905, a road was built across the pass that connects the Italian Aosta ( Italian: Aosta , French Aoste ) with the Swiss Martigny ( French Martigny ). In winter, from October to May, the road is usually closed.
Below the pass, at an altitude of 1915 m there is a tunnel of the same name ( French: Tunnel du Grand-Saint-Bernard ), which was opened in 1964 .
In 1050, a monastery was founded on the pass by Saint Bernard from Menton , with him a mountain shelter , which, like the pass, received his name [2] .
On June 19, 1805, at the request of Napoleon , the French general Dese was buried in the chapel.
The St. Bernard dog breed, which was trained to find people in avalanches, was bred here .
Content
- 1 Cycling
- 1.1 Lifting Details
- 1.2 Giro d'Italia
- 1.3 Tour de France
- 2 Gallery
- 3 notes
Cycling
The Grand Saint Bernard pass would have been involved in the Grand Tours 11 times: 6 times on the Giro d'Italia and 5 times on the Tour de France . Last time in 2009. Famous cyclists were the first to climb the pass during the race on both the Giro and the Tour.
Lift Details
- Northern
It starts in the Swiss city of Martigny , located below the Col de La Forkla . Ascent to the pass is 41.5 km in length with an average gradient of 4.8% (maximum up to 10%) and a vertical drop of 1980 m. In addition, it reaches an altitude of 2,473 meters, being one of the highest in the Alps. Thanks to these data, the northern ascent is considered the colossus of the Alps and one of the most difficult passes in Europe.
- South
This route starts in the Italian city of Aosta and is as difficult as the northern route. Ascent to the pass is 33.1 km in length with a constant gradient of 5.7% and a vertical drop of 1874 m. On this as well as on the opposite slope, snow is a usual landscape.
Giro d'Italia
| Year | Stage | First on top | Side |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1959 | Charlie Gol ( LUX ) | ||
| 1963 | Vito Taccone ( ITA ) | ||
| 1985 | Rafael Acevedo ( COL ) | ||
| 1996 (1) | Mariano Piccoli ( ITA ) | ||
| 1996 (2) | Laurent Ruks ( FRA ) | ||
| 2006 | Sandy Qasar ( FRA ) |
Tour de France
| Year | Stage | First on top | Side |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1949 | Gino Bartali ( ITA ) | ||
| 1959 | Carlos Morales ( ESP ) | ||
| 1963 | Federico Baamontes ( ESP ) | ||
| 1966 | Martin van den Bosse ( BEL ) | ||
| 2009 | Franco Pellicotti ( ITA ) |
Gallery
Great Saint Bernard pass in summer
Winter pass
View of the pass in the fall
On the pass
Painting by Jacques-Louis David " Napoleon on the St. Bernard Pass " (1800)
Panoramic view of the road (European highway E27) through the pass
Dog Saint Bernard with a barrel
Notes
- ↑ Greater St. Bernard . Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Date of treatment June 10, 2012. Archived on August 8, 2012.
- ↑ Greater St. Bernard . Geographic Encyclopedia. Date of treatment July 10, 2012. Archived on August 8, 2012.