The Cairn Terrier [1] , or the Cortern Terrier [2] ( English cairn terrier ) is one of the oldest breeds among terriers . The breed is known as one of the earliest working dogs of Scotland . Cairn terriers were brought to the west of the northern highlands of Scotland for hunting in cores - piles of stones - on rabbits and foxes . The breed was registered by the Kennel Club in 1912.
| Cairn Terrier | |
|---|---|
 Cairn terriers of different colors | |
| Origin | |
| A place |  Scotland |
| Specifications | |
| Growth | 28-31 cm |
| Weight | 6-7.5 kg |
| Lifetime | 13-15 years |
| ICF classification | |
| Group | 3. Terriers |
| Section | 2. Small terriers |
| room | four |
| Year | 1963 |
| Other Classifications | |
| COP Group | Terrier |
| AKS group | Terrier |
| AKC Year | 1913 |
Country of Origin: United Kingdom ( Scotland )
Content
Breed history
It is documented that the English King Jacob I ordered to bring half a dozen "ground" dogs, or terriers, from Edinburgh, to be sent as a gift to France. It is believed that these dogs were the ancestors of the current Cairn Terriers, which were used in Scotland more than 300 years ago to kill rodents. The first mentions of small earthen dogs used to hunt foxes and badgers in Scotland date back to the 16th century. However, there is no evidence to prove that they were Cairn Terriers.
The Cairn Terrier was known as a “sharp” or “short-haired” sky terrier until 1910. For the first time, dogs, called Cairn Terriers, were officially registered in 1907. All dogs belonged to Mrs Alistair Campbell [3] , who is rightly considered the founder of the breed.
The following years, the popularity of the breed grew. In 1910, in the June issue of the Kennel Gazette, the registration of Cairn terriers was isolated from the Skye Terrier breed and carried to the section “other breeds”. During this year, 35 dogs were registered.
J. Beynon in his book "The Popular Cairn Terrier" writes that in ancient times every Scottish gentleman had a pack of hounds and terriers. According to him, the oldest line of Cairn Terriers was laid by Captain Mac-Leod of Drinoch on the Isle of Skye, and this happened more than 150 years ago. [four]
Breed as an independent was registered by the Kennel Club in 1912, from that moment on, representatives of the breeds were allowed to compete for the title. That year, 134 dogs were registered.
The American Kennel Club until 1917 registered Cores, which were born as a result of crossing with West Highland White Terriers . The white color of the dog until 1923 was also permitted by the English standard of the breed. [five]
Appearance
Wool [6] : hard, but not coarse, abundant, resistant to bad weather. The undercoat is soft, thick.
Color : Fawn, red, gray or close to black. All types of brindle color are allowed. Not allowed: monophonic black, white or black and tan colors. For the breed are typical darker limbs, muzzle and ears.
Size: The height at the withers is about 28–31 cm in proportion to the weight, the ideal weight is 6-7.5 kg.
Head : Small, but in proportion to the body.
Body : Stretched. The neck is strong. The ribs are bulging. The back is straight. The loin is strong, flexible. The belt of the hind limbs is strong.
Ears : Small, pointed and firmly erect, not too narrow, not very overgrown.
Limbs : Short, with strong bones. The front legs are larger than the rear and may be slightly turned outwards.
TAIL : Short, covered with thick hair, but without dewlap. Keeps fun, but on the back is not bent.
Maintenance and Care
Although the dog easily adapts to any habitat, it nevertheless feels better in the countryside than in the city. The mobile and energetic character of the dog will require regular long walks and a high level of physical activity from the future owner. Hair care is brushing 2-3 times a week. Haircuts are not required.
Dogs of this breed are well trained and get on well with all members of the family, they also love children very much. Cairn Terrier has an excellent psyche and excellent character. Cores are easy and fun to learn, because they like it very much, and the reaction of cores is simply fantastic. Education begins in the first months of life of a puppy core-terrier, and if you do everything correctly, given the characteristics of the breed, then problems with obedience do not arise. Dogs are distinguished by a developed intellect and are able to understand almost every step of their master, who cares about their training.
Health
Cairn terriers are healthy and active dogs that keep their interest in the world around them to their very old age. Life expectancy - up to 16-18 years.
Hereditary diseases of Cairn Terriers, unlike many other breeds, were specially studied, in particular, by the American Cairn Terrier Club ( English Cairn Terrier Club of America [7] ) and the English Cairn Terrier Club ( English The Cairn Terrier Club ) [8] . Due to this, the breed has the ability to prevent the spread of hereditary diseases. Genetic tests are available for a number of diseases.
| Disease | Designation | Type of inheritance | Genetic test |
|---|---|---|---|
| Skeletal diseases | |||
| Legg-Perthes disease | P | ||
| Craniomandibular osteopathy | CMO | R | + |
| Hip dysplasia | P | ||
| Panostitis | ? | ||
| Dislocation of the patella | ?(R) | ||
| Osteochondritis dissecting | P | ||
| Cleft palate | P | ||
| No tail | ? | + | |
| Curled tail | ? | ||
| Nedokus | ? | ||
| Snack | P | ||
| Incomplete teeth | ? | ||
| Neurological diseases | |||
| Globoid cell leukodystrophy ( Krabbe disease ) | LGD | R | + |
| Epilepsy | ? | ||
| Cerebellar degeneration | NCCD | R | + |
| Hydrocephalus | P | ||
| Progressive Neuronopathy | R | ||
| Spinal muscular atrophy | ? | ||
| Aggressiveness | ? | ||
| Cowardice | ? | ||
| Eye diseases | |||
| Progressive retinal atrophy | PRA | ? | + |
| Dislocation of the lens | PLL | ? | + |
| Inversion of the century | ? | ||
| Eyelash offset | ? | ||
| Vitreoretinal dysplasia | R | ||
| Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca | ? | ||
| Cataract | PHC | ? | + |
| Pigment glaucoma | R | ||
| Pigment keratitis | ? | ||
| Heart and blood disorders | |||
| Von Willebrand disease | vWD | ? (D) | + |
| Hemophilia | R | + | |
| Heart defects | P | ||
| Soft tissue diseases | |||
| Rheumatoid arthritis | ? | ||
| Inguinal hernia | R | ||
| Umbilical hernia | R | ||
| Skin allergic reactions | ? | ||
| Autoimmune disease | ? | ||
| Anasarka | R | ||
| Cryptorchidism | ?(R) | ||
| Monorhism | ?(R) | ||
| Motile testicles | ?(R) | ||
| Portocaval anastamosis | P | ||
| Hypothyroidism | R | + | |
| Idiopathic chylothorax | ? | ||
| Atopic dermatitis | ? | ||
| Generalized demodicosis | ? | ||
| Ichthyosis | R | + | |
| Diabetes | ? | ||
| Juvenile cellulite | ? | ||
| Copper toxicosis | ? | ||
| Cramps (Krampi) Scotch Terriers | R | ||
| Polycystic kidney disease | PKD | ? | + |
| Cystinuria | R | ||
| Ectopia of the ureters | ? | ||
Type of inheritance: P - recessive, D - dominant, P - polygenic,? - unknown
Notes
- Position of the Russian Cynological Federation about breeding
- ↑ Carter Interior / Yu. A. Lakatosh // The Great Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 t.] / Ch. ed. Yu. S. Osipov . - M .: The Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2004—2017.
- ↑ Mrs Alastair Campbell 1871–1946
- ↑ Joan Palmer "Your Dog", Mir publishing house, 1988
- The official publication of the American Kennel Club. Full catalog of dog breeds. - Moscow: Tsentrpoligraf, 1999. - P. 378. - 731 p. - 5000 copies - ISBN 5-227-00317-3 .
- ↑ Translation of the FCI standard No. 4 from 03/12/1998 on Wikisource
- ↑ Health problems on the website of the American Cairn Terrier Club
- К Cairn Terrier Health Research Group on the website of the English Cairn Terrier Club Archived July 25, 2013.
- ↑ Padgett D. Control of hereditary diseases in dogs = Control of Canine Genetic Disease / Trans. O. Kuznetsova. - M .: Sofion Publishing House, 2006. - pp. 170-171, 208. - 280 p. - (Veterinary science). - ISBN 5-9668-0013-8 .
Literature
- Falcon A. Cairn Terrier // My friend dog: Journal. - M .: LLC “Publishing House Animal Press”, 2012. - № 3 . - p . 26 .