Prus, Boleslav

Alexander Glovatsky was born in the family of an impoverished nobleman . Early orphaned. Participated in the Polish uprising of 1863 . He was wounded, taken prisoner by Russian troops and released after hospital treatment. In 1864, he was again arrested and imprisoned for three months in a prison in the Lublin Castle .

After graduating from the Lyceum in Lublin, he entered the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of the Main School in Warsaw ( 1866 - 1868 ). Leaving his studies due to material difficulties, he tried to study at the School of Agriculture and Forestry in Puławy , but soon returned to Warsaw ^[5] .

In print, Alexander Glovatsky debuted in 1872. Collaborated with the Warsaw newspapers ( 1874-1903 ). He was the editor of the magazine "Noviny" ("Nowiny"; 1882 - 1883 ), where he published his own journalistic articles. The literary-critical articles of Boleslav Prus promoted the formation of a realistic concept of art in Polish criticism.

He highly appreciated the work of Russian writers, especially L. Tolstoy ^[6] .

For newspapers he wrote a large number of satires and chronicles (over a thousand). He is the author of about a hundred humorous scenes and stories written mainly in his youth, stories with social problems (“Palace and Shack”; “Mikhalko”, “Anelka”, both - 1880 ; “Antek”, 1881 ).

Stories about children became widely known (The Orphan's Share, 1876 ). The author of the stories “Returnable Wave” ( 1880 ), “ Outpost ” ( 1885 , Russian translation 1887 ). Boleslav Prus created a new type of socio-psychological novel (“ The Doll ”, 1887 - 1889 ) - a panorama of the life of Warsaw in 1878 - 1879 and at the same time the history of three generations of Polish idealists. According to the novel, the eponymous film “ The Doll ” by Wojciech Jerzy Has ( 1968 ) and the television series ( Poland , 1977 ) were staged.

A broad picture of the life of Warsaw and the province is given in the novel " Emancipated Women " ( 1891 - 1893 , Russian translation 1900 ).

Prus declared a commitment to a modern, topical subject, but wrote the historical novel " Pharaoh " ( 1895-1896 , Russian translation 1897 ). According to the novel, the same film was staged by Jerzy Kavalerovich (“ Pharaoh ”, 1966 ).

In the novel “Children” ( 1908 , Russian translation 1909 ), it reflected the Revolution of 1905-1907 . In the unfinished novel “Changes” ( 1911 ) he created the image of a Russian socialist student.

Prus's works have been translated into many languages.

Short stories and stories

• "Palace and Shack" ( Pałac i rudera ) (1875; short story)
• The Adventure of Stasya ( Przygoda Stasia ) (1879)
• “Return Wave” ( Powracająca fala ) (1880; short story)
• Michałko (1880)
• Antek (1880)
• The "Converted" ( Nawrócony ) (1880)
• The barrel organ ( Katarynka ) (1880)
• The Vest ( Kamizelka ) (1882)
• "He" ( On ) (1882)
• “Voices of the Past” ( Milknące głosy ) (1883)
• The Sins of Childhood ( Grzechy dzieciństwa ) (1883)
• “On Vacation” ( Na wakacjach ) (1884)
• “Error” ( Omyłka ) (1884)
• The Mold of the World ( Pleśń świata ) (1884)
• The Living Telegraph ( Żywy telegraf ) (1884)
• The Shadows ( Cienie ) (1885)
• "From the legends of old Egypt" ( Z legend dawnego Egiptu ) (1888)
• The Dream ( Sen ) (1890)

Novels

• Enslaved Soul ( Dusze w niewoli ) (1877)
• Anelka ( Anielka ) (under the title Lost Romance by Chybiona powieść in 1880; final version in 1885; often referred to as stories)
• " Forpost " ( Placówka ) (separate edition 1886)
• “ Doll ” ( Lalka ) (separate edition 1890)
• " Emancipated Women " ( Emancypantki ) (separate edition 1894)
• " Pharaoh " ( Faraon ) (separate edition in 1897)
• " Children " ( Dzieci ) (separate edition 1909)
• Changes ( Przemiany ) (unfinished novel, publication years: 1910-1912)

• Biography and texts (Polish)
• Boleslav Prus at Moshkov Library