Bashkir tribes ( Bashk. Bashkort yryuҙary ) - historically established tribal associations in the composition of the Bashkirs .
Due to the complex nature of the ethnogenesis of the Bashkirs, a single term in the Bashkir language does not exist. If for a tribe there is such a term ( yryu ), then for different groups of related families and clan divisions, the terms differ ( ara, nel, әbil, айymaҡ, tөbә, wasps , etc.).
The main tribal attributes were tamga , oran , ongon . Historical events were recorded in Shezhere . The leader of the tribe was biy . Self-governing bodies were people's assemblies ( kurultays , yiyins ) and councils of elders (aksakals).
In the XVIII-XIX centuries, the tribal organization lost its value in the public life of the Bashkirs and continues to exist only by virtue of tradition.
Formation
In the history of the formation of the Bashkir tribes, there are seven historical and ethnographic layers: [1]
- Old Bashkir ( Burzyan , Uran , Usergan , etc.),
- Early Finno-Ugric-Samoyed ( syzgy , tersyak , uvishish , opey , etc.),
- Bulgaro-Magyar ( Bulyar , Tanyp , Yurmaty , etc.),
- Oguz-Kypchak ( Aile and others),
- Kypchak ( canals , Koshs , Kypsak , min , etc.),
- Nogai (Nogai- Burzyan , Nogai-Yurmaty, etc.),
- a layer associated with ethnic interaction with the peoples of the Volga-Ural region and Central Asia ( Kazakhs , Mishars , Tatars , etc.)
Ethnographic groups
In the process of settlement and ethnic history, the main ethnographic groups of Bashkirs were formed: [1] [2]
- Northeastern group: Islay , Badrak , Bikatin , Bishul , Duvan , Kalmak , Katay , Koshs , Kuvakan , Kudey , Kumruk , Murzalar , Salut , Syzgy , Syrgyan , Cheese , Tabyn , Tersyak , Uppa .
- North-Western group: balar , balyks , bulyar , gayna , gere , duvan , elan , eldyak , enyen , irekte , canals , karshin , kyrgyz , pelvis , tanyp , uvanysh , un , uranium , yurmi .
- Southeast group: Burzyan , Kypsak , Tamiyan , Tangaur , Usergan , Yurmaty .
- Southwest group: min .
Unions of the Bashkir Tribes
In the pre-Mongolian period and in the period of the Golden Horde, there was an alliance of Bashkir tribes in the western regions, which at different times included tribes of yurmata, yurmi, and bulyar.
In the XIV-XVI centuries, the Union of seven Bashkir tribes (ety yryu) formed in the southern and southeastern regions, which included Burzyan, Tamiyan, Tangaur, Usergan, Kara-Kipsak, Sankhem-Kipsak, and Kipsak tribes, headed in the 2nd half of the XV century Masim Khan.
In the north of Bashkortostan, an alliance of Bashkir tribes was formed: balyks, gere, irekte, pelvis, uranium, bayki-un, kaypan-tanyp, headed by Isyan-khan in the 1st half of the 16th century.
Information about the unions of the Bashkir tribes are reflected in shezhere, monuments of folklore and other historical sources [3] .
See also
- Scotland clans
- Kazakh tribes
- Kyrgyz childbirth
Notes
Literature
- History of the Bashkir clans. Eney. Volume 1. / S.I. Khamidullin, Yu. M. Yusupov, R. R. Asylguzhin, R. R. Shaikheev, R. M. Ryskulov, A. Ya. Gumerova .. - Ufa: GUP RB Ufa Polygraph Combine, 2014 - 432 s. - ISBN 978-5-85051-606-2 .
- History of the Bashkir clans. Giray. Volume 2. / S.I. Khamidullin, Yu. M. Yusupov, R. R. Asylguzhin, R. R. Shaikheev, R. M. Ryskulov, A. Ya. Gumerova, G. Yu. Galeeva, G. D. Sultanova .. - Ufa: GUP RB Ufa Printing House, 2014. - 528 p. - ISBN 978-5-85051-610-9 .
- History of the Bashkir clans. Giray. Volume 2. Ch. 2 / S. I. Khamidullin, B. A. Aznabayev, I. R. Saitbattalov, R. R. Shaikheev, R. R. Asylguzhin, V. G. Volkov, A. A. Karimov, R. R. Bakhtiyev .. - Ufa: GUP RB Ufa Polygraph Combine, 2016. - 784 p. - ISBN 978-5-295-06432-6 .
- History of the Bashkir clans. Balyksy Volume 3. / S. I. Khamidullin, Yu. M. Yusupov, R. R. Asylguzhin, R. R. Shaikheev, I. R. Saitbattalov, F. H. Gaisina, R. M. Ryskulov, A. Ya. Gumerova, G. Yu. Galeeva, G. D. Sultanova .. - Ufa: GUP RB Ufa Polygraph Combine, 2014. - 236 p. - ISBN 978-5-85051-615-4 .
- History of the Bashkir clans. Unlar Volume 4. / S. I. Khamidullin, Yu. M. Yusupov, R. R. Asylguzhin, R. R. Shaikheev, I. R. Saitbattalov, V. G. Volkov, A. A. Karimov, R. M. Ryskulov, A. Ya. Gumerova, G. Yu. Galeeva, G. D. Sultanova .. - Ufa: GUP RB Ufa Polygraph Combine, 2014. - 287 p. - ISBN 978-5-85051-619-2 .
- History of the Bashkir clans. Kangly. Volume 5. / S. I. Khamidullin, Yu. M. Yusupov, R. R. Asylguzhin, R. R. Shaikheev, A. M. Zainullin, I. R. Saitbatalov, V.N. Muratova, R. M. Ryskulov, A. Ya. Gumerova, G. Yu. Galeeva, G. D. Sultanova .. - Ufa: GUP RB Ufa Polygraph Combine, 2014. - 560 p. - ISBN 978-5-85051-625-3 .
- History of the Bashkir clans. Tanyp. Volume 6. / S.I. Khamidullin, Yu. M. Yusupov, R. R. Asylguzhin, R. R. Shaikheev, I. R. Saitbattalov, F. H. Gaisina, R. M. Ryskulov, A. Ya. Gumerova, G. Yu. Galeeva, G. D. Sultanova .. - Ufa: GUP RB Ufa Polygraph Combine, 2014. - 376 p. - ISBN 978-5-85051-629-1 .
- History of the Bashkir clans. Uranus. Volume 7 / S. I. Khamidullin, Yu. M. Yusupov, R. R. Asylguzhin, R. R. Shaikheev, I. R. Saitbattalov, F. F. Gaisina, R. M. Ryskulov, A. Ya. Gumerova , G. Yu. Galeeva, G. D. Sultanova .. - Ufa: GUP RB Ufa Polygraph Combine, 2015. - 268 p. - ISBN 978-5-85051-630-7 .
- History of the Bashkir clans. Kobau Volume 8 / S. I. Khamidullin, Yu. M. Yusupov, R. R. Asylguzhin, F. S. Tikeev, R. R. Shaicheev, I. R. Saitbattalov, A. M. Zaynullin, R. M. Ryskulov , A. Ya. Gumerova, G. Yu. Galeyeva, G. D. Sultanova .. - Ufa: GUP RB Ufa Polygraphic Combine, 2015. - 192 p. - ISBN 978-5-85051-633-8 .
- History of the Bashkir clans. Elan. Volume 9. Part 1 / S. I. Khamidullin, Yu. M. Yusupov, R. R. Asylguzhin, R. R. Shaicheev, I. R. Saitbattalov, V. G. Volkov, A. A. Karimov, A. M. Zainullin, F. F. Gaysina, R. M. Ryskulov, A. Ya. Gumerova, G. Yu. Galeeva, G. D. Sultanova .. - Ufa: GUP RB Ufa Polygraph Combine, 2015. - 720 p. - ISBN 978-5-85051-637-6 .
- History of the Bashkir clans. Elan. Volume 9. Part 2 / S. I. Khamidullin, Yu. M. Yusupov, R. R. Asylguzhin, R. R. Shaikheev, I. R. Saitbattalov, V. G. Volkov, A. A. Karimov, A. M. Zainullin, R. M. Ryskulov, A. Ya. Gumerova, G. Yu. Galeeva, G. D. Sultanova .. - Ufa: GUP RB Ufa Printing House, 2015. - 596 p. - ISBN 978-5-85051-638-3 .
- History of the Bashkir clans. Kyrgyz Volume 10 / S. I. Khamidullin, Yu. M. Yusupov, R. R. Asylguzhin, R. R. Shaikheev, I. R. Saitbattalov, V. G. Volkov, A. A. Karimov, A. M. Zaynullin , R. M. Kamalov, F. S. Marvarov, R. M. Ryskulov, A. R. Asylguzhin, A. Ya. Gumerova, G. Yu. Galeeva, G. D. Sultanova .. - Ufa: GUP RB Ufimsky Polygraph Combine, 2015. - 808 p. - ISBN 978-5-85051-640-6 .
- History of the Bashkir clans. Gaina. Volume 11 / S. I. Khamidullin, Yu. M. Yusupov, R. R. Asylguzhin, R. R. Shaikheev, I. R. Saitbattalov, V. G. Volkov, A. A. Karimov, A. M. Zaynullin , A. R. Makhmudov, R. M. Ryskulov, A. R. Asylguzhin, A. Ya. Gumerova, G. Yu. Galeeva, G. D. Sultanova .. - Ufa: GUP RB Ufa Polygraph Combine, 2015. - 696 with. - ISBN 978-5-85051-641-3 .
- History of the Bashkir clans. Irekty. Volume 12 / S. I. Khamidullin, Yu. M. Yusupov, R. R. Shaikheev, I. R. Saitbattalov, V. G. Volkov, A. A. Karimov, A. M. Zainullin, B. S. Armanshin , V.N. Muratova, F.F. Gaysin, G.Yu. Galeeva, G.D. Sultanova .. - Ufa: GUP RB Ufa Polygraph Combine, 2015. - 456 p. - ISBN 978-5-85051-645-1 .
- History of the Bashkir clans. Eldyak. Volume 13 / S. I. Khamidullin, Yu. M. Yusupov, R. R. Asylguzhin, R. R. Shaikheev, I. R. Saitbattalov, V. G. Volkov, A. A. Karimov, A. M. Zaynullin , I. A. Amirov, F. S. Marvarov, R. M. Kamalov, R. M. Ryskulov, A. Ya. Gumerova, G. Yu. Galeeva, G. D. Sultanova .. - Ufa: GUP RB Ufimsky Polygraph Combine, 2015. - 600 p. - ISBN 978-5-85051-650-5 .
- History of the Bashkir clans. Tazlar. Volume 14 / S. I. Khamidullin, Yu. M. Yusupov, R. R. Asylguzhin, R. R. Shaikheev, I. R. Saitbattalov, A. M. Zaynullin, R. M. Ryskulov, A. Ya. Gumerova , G. Yu. Galeeva, G. D. Sultanova .. - Ufa: GUP RB Ufa Polygraph Combine, 2015. - 208 p. - ISBN 978-5-85051-651-2 .
- History of the Bashkir clans. Karshin. Volume 15 / S. I. Khamidullin, Yu. M. Yusupov, R. R. Asylguzhin, R. R. Shaikheev, I. R. Saitbattalov, A. M. Zaynullin, R. M. Ryskulov, A. Ya. Gumerova , G. Yu. Galeeva, G. D. Sultanova .. - Ufa: GUP RB Ufa Polygraph Combine, 2015. - 227 p. - ISBN 978-5-85051-652-9 .
- History of the Bashkir clans. Duvan. Volume 16 / S.I. Khamidullin, B.A. Aznabayev, I.R. Saitbattalov, R.R. Shaikheev, R.R. Asylguzhin, V.G. Volkov, A.A. Karimov .. - Ufa: GUP RB Ufa Polygraph Combine, 2016. - 688 p. - ISBN 978-5-295-06412-8 .
- History of the Bashkir clans. Ming. Volume 17. Part 1 / S. I. Khamidullin, B. A. Aznabayev, I. Z. Sultanmuratov, I. R. Saitbattalov, R. R. Shaicheev, R. R. Asylguzhin, A. M. Zaynullin, V G. Volkov, A. A. Karimov. - Ufa: Kitap, 2016. - 488 p. - ISBN 978-5-295-06462-3 .
- History of the Bashkir clans. Ming. Volume 17. Part II / S.I. Khamidullin, B.A. Aznabayev, I.Z. Sultanmuratov, I.R. Saitbattalov, R.R. Shaikheev, R.R. Asylguzhin, A.M. Zaynullin, V G. Volkov, A. A. Karimov .. - Ufa: GUP RB Ufa Polygraph Combine, 2016. - 580 p. - ISBN 978-5-295-06480-7 .
- History of the Bashkir clans. Koshso, Syzgi, Oupey. Volume 18 / S.I. Khamidullin, B.A. Aznabaev, I.Z. Sultanmuratov, I.R. Saitbattalov, R.R. Shaikheev, R.R. Asylguzhin, A.M. Zaynullin, V.G. Volkov, A.A. Karimov .. - Ufa: GUP RB Ufa Polygraph Combine, 2016. - 528 p. - ISBN 978-5-295-06528-6 .
- History of the Bashkir clans. Salute, Tersyak, Synryan, Bikatin, Syrzy, Shuran. Volume 19 / S.I. Khamidullin, B.A. Aznabayev, I.Z. Sultanmuratov, I.R. Saitbattalov, R.R. Shaikheev, R.R. Asylguzhin, A.M. Zaynullin, V.G. Volkov , A. A. Karimov .. - Ufa: Kitap, 2016. - 584 p. - ISBN 978-5-295-06552-1 .
- History of the Bashkir clans. Merkit Volume 20 / S.I. Khamidullin, B.A. Aznabaev, I.Z. Sultanmuratov, I.R. Saitbattalov, R.R. Shaikheev, R.R. Asylguzhin, A.M. Zaynullin, V.G. Volkov, A.A. Karimov .. - Ufa: Kitap, 2016. - 384 p. - ISBN 978-5-295-06561-3 .
- History of the Bashkir clans. Yurmi. Volume 21 / S. I. Khamidullin, B. A. Aznabayev, A. G. Salikhov, I. Z. Sultanmuratov, I. R. Saitbattalov, R. R. Shaicheev, R. R. Asylguzhin, A. M. Zaynullin , V. G. Volkov, A. A. Karimov .. - Ufa: GUP RB Ufa Polygraph Combine, 2016. - 716 p. - ISBN 978-5-295-06569-9 .
- History of the Bashkir clans. Bylar Volume 22 / S. I. Khamidullin, B. A. Aznabaev, I. Z. Sultanmuratov, I. R. Saitbattalov, R. R. Shaicheev, R. R. Asylguzhin, I. M. Vasiliev, A. M. Zaynullin , V. G. Volkov, A. A. Karimov .. - Ufa: Kitap, 2016. - 916 p. - ISBN 978-5-295-06586-6 .
- History of the Bashkir clans. Kudey, Murzalar, Karatavly. Volume 23 / S. I. Khamidullin, B. A. Aznabayev, I. Z. Sultanmuratov, I. R. Saitbattalov, R. R. Shaicheev, R. R. Asylguzhin, V. G. Volkov, A. A. Karimov , A. M. Zainullin, R. M. Saghidullin .. - Ufa: Kitap, 2017. - 808 p.
- History of the Bashkir clans. Katay. Volume 24. Part 1 / S. I. Khamidullin, B. A. Aznabayev, I. R. Saitbattalov, I. Z. Sultanmuratov, R. R. Shaikheev, R. R. Asylguzhin, V. G. Volkov, A. A. Karimov, A. M. Zainullin .. - Ufa: Kitap, 2017. - 576 p.
- History of the Bashkir clans. Katay. Volume 24. Part 2 / S. I. Khamidullin, B. A. Aznabayev, I. R. Saitbattalov, I. Z. Sultanmuratov, R. R. Shaikheev, R. R. Asylguzhin, V. G. Volkov, A. A. Karimov, A. M. Zainullin .. - Ufa: Kitap, 2017. - 692 p.