History of the village Novodevichye

The Volga's fish wealth has long attracted Russian people, and in the 17th century, a struggle began for its best water lands. The monasteries received large fishing areas: Nizhny Novgorod Pechersky, Moscow Miracles, Moscow Novospassky, Zvenigorod Savvo-Storozhevsky, Moscow Voznesensky.
Initially, all Volga waters were considered state property and transferred to private owners only for lease use. But the monasteries that had access to the royal court received a number of benefits. Gradually, condominiums turned into estates, monasteries received letters of honor for them, freeing themselves from the control of local authorities ^[1] .

In 1683, the Moscow Novodevichy Convent received a letter of appreciation from the Tsar

“The Simbirsk waters of Atruba with all the fishing in those natural estates on the estates ... but they should be taken away from those fishing grounds on the Volga river on the upland side under the yard of the earth, where to live for working people and for luggage of fish and all kinds of supplies, and to that yard of the earth 500 sazhen and 500 across. " [2] [3]

Novodevichy Convent

And equipped Novodevichy Convent of monks and "working people" tour. Having sailed here along the course of the Volga , they stopped at a gently sloping platform descending to the river between two hills. Soon the forest was cut down, housing and utility rooms were built. Slightly lower than these houses, closer to the Volga, fishermen, barge haulers and peasants began to settle. So there was a village settlement Novopredtechenskaya (Novoprechistenskaya - so it was easier said by the people). ^[4] In the 17th century, in this place, the Volga had two arms - narrow on the right side and wide on the left side - the main channel of the Volga, which was then called Atruba

For the first time, the settlement was mentioned in an extract from the boundary book of Simbirsk district in letters and surveys of the landlord Mikhail Pushkin in 1688 . In 1696, 34 quarter of bread (1 quarter = 8 pounds, 1 quarter = 1 pood) from 64 dessiatines was collected from the monastery plows of the village of Novopredtechensky with surrounding villages, with 64 dessiatines, and in 1699 268 quarters, in 1701 from 52 tithes - 1,190 quarters and 4 fours ^[5] .

Volga from the mouth of the Kama to the Caspian in the XVI-XVIII centuries. It was considered the main supplier of fish in the country. A large number of sturgeons - sturgeons, beluga and stellate sturgeon - were caught in the Volga. It was necessary to Volga fish not only to catch, but also to save, process, bring to the buyer. Only permanent fish centers - fish yards located nearby on their own patrimonial land, allowed to ensure a stable production cycle.

Moscow Novodevichy Convent built two large yards in Novoprechistenskaya Sloboda and the White Yar and two small fishing camps on Bushuisky Island and Atruba. A large fish yard, besides the production one, also had defensive tasks; in this regard, it was a fishing town. An obligatory part of the fish yard was a raft, its area reached 200 square meters. m. The buildings of the fish yard were fenced, they included barns, closets, glaciers, sheds, huts. A net was used as the main fishing tool; the net size reached 400 fathoms. The authorities of the Novodevichy Convent, in order to service their own huge seines, hired a whole team of 12 to 22 people to work with each such seine. ^[1] A small proportion of the caught fish was sold at fish yards, and most were exported for sale to Nizhny Novgorod, to the Makaryevskaya Fair, and even to Moscow. ^[one]

After 15-20 years, a huge patrimony with a large population arose on the site of the small award. The nuns controlled a vast territory of at least 1000 square meters. km The center of ownership was Novoprechistenskaya settlement. The monastery received new lands due to unequal exchanges, disguised purchases, and mainly due to direct seizures of non-delimited lands. Thus, along the Volga, from the mouth of the Bolshoi Cheremshan and almost to Saratov, an area of ​​church-monastery land and water ownership was formed. The monasteries, starting with fishing, began to pay more and more attention to agriculture. On the land received from the central counties of Russia relocated their peasants. ^[one]

Half a century later, the Novodevichensky peasants told:

“... henceforth, their grandfathers and their fathers, some of them as well, but the oldest people already had a residence in the Vladimir, Vereisk and Uglitsky counties, in different villages and villages of that Novodevichy Convent, and then, in the past years ... a few souls, translated and settled ... in Novoprechistenskaya volost. " ^[one]

Under Peter I , after the death of Patriarch Hadrian , the Novodevichy Convent fell into prolonged disgrace. In 1701, the Monastic Order was renewed with expanded powers, among which the right to manage church estates appeared. This was the first step towards the secularization of the “tunnebible”, in the words of Peter I church property. All revenues from the activities of church institutions now began to go to the cash desk of the Monastic Order, while the amounts allocated only to the state were returned to the maintenance of church institutions, and all the excess went to the state treasury, and not to the treasury of the patriarchal throne. All this reduced the economic independence of churches and monasteries, besides this paved the way for the gradual transfer of monastic estates to the hands of the nobility. ^[6]

Soon this patrimony became desirable for one of the most powerful people in Russia since the time of Peter the Great - Alexander Danilovich Menshikov . On February 16, 1710, Samarskaya Luka and the village of Novopredtechenskoye complained to Prince Menshikov in exchange for his other estates.

The description of the village of 1716 ^{[7] has been} preserved:

The village of Novoprechistenskaya Sloboda stands on the banks of the Volga on the upland side, it has a wooden church, new in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker with all church utensils. The estate yard with every courtyard and mansion structure. Yes, with the same Novoprechistenskaya settlement on the Olshansky key, a distillery with all sorts of supplies and buildings and with all utensils. Yes, with the same factory on White Key a mile away from two plants, five mills stand on which the stock is ground at this plant, and the peasant Sila Guryev holds the same mills in the Novoprechistenskaya settlement. At all those millstones there is one set of millstones. Yes, below this plant on the Olshansky key, near the Volga, there is a bulk mill on one set, and at the Novoprechistenskaya settlement on the Krasnaya river, a mill is about one set with all mill gear. Yes, on the same upland side at the Novoprechistenskaya settlement, up the Volga River on the shore near the yards of that settlement, there is a fish yard with every building, where fishermen and working people live and all kinds of fishing fish are put.

According to the census of 1720, there were 567 yards in the settlement, 1,316 of them were male. ^[eight]

Prince Menshikov A.D. owned land for long. In 1727, as a result of a palace coup, the favorite of Catherine I, A. D. Menshikov, was deprived of all ranks and exiled to Berezovo , and his estates (the villages of Novodevichye-Novopredtechenskoye, Usolye, Khryashchevka, Zhiguli , Perevoloki, Aleksandrovka) were confiscated ^{[9] [10 ] ]} . The village of Novopredtechenskoye returns again to the Novodevichy Convent . The monastery leased fishing. The peasants also paid the monastery a dues with each revision soul .

The first All-Russian Emperor Peter I personally participated in many military campaigns. Twice he stopped on the Volga in the vicinity of the village of Novodevichye - during the Azov and Caspian (Persian) campaigns.

On April 30 (May 10), 1695, Peter the Great, as the first scorer of Peter Alekseev, as the tsar himself called himself, but in fact the leader of the entire military operation, went on his first campaign against Azov . To the final destination, the king, along with the main forces, sailed on plows along the rivers Moscow, Oka, Volga and Don.

On May 27, between the villages of Lovtsy and Usolye, they were forced to cling to the right bank of the Volga and stand in the possessions of the Moscow Novodevichy Convent for 8 hours due to bad weather ^[11] .

The second visit to the Samara Territory by Peter I took place in June 1722 , when he went to the Persian campaign with his wife Catherine I. The king of fifty this time was in no hurry. Passing the mouth of the Kama , he spent a day exploring the ruins of the capital of the former Volga Bulgaria, the city ​​of Bulgar. After Simbirsk, the “galley of His Majesty” on June 9 (19) again hit the beach near the village of Novodevichye, who, together with the surrounding area, passed from the Novodevichy Convent to the associate and favorite of the Tsar, His Grace Prince Alexander Danilovich Menshikov .

June 10 “in the afternoon at 3 o’clock we arrived to Samara and changed the rowers, and His Majesty went to inspect the city, which is fenced with boards. And after that we went on the road and rode all night. ” ^{[12] [13]}

June on the 10th day, 97 people were given who from Sinbirsk to Novoprechistensky rowing on the gallery of His Majesty 60 miles, for each hryvnia, a total of 9 p. seven hryvnias ... The same number was given in Samara to the poor 6 people a ruble. Catherine I in Samara, distributed in small giving 2 rubles. ^[14]

In 1764, all property was transferred to the authority of the institution, which began to manage large monastic estates - the College of Economy . The favorites of Catherine II , the Orlov brothers wished to receive land and rich villages on the banks of the Volga River in exchange for their estates in other provinces. In 1768, a number of Volga villages, including the Novopredtechenskoye village, by registered decree of Catherine II, complained to Count Orlov “in eternal and hereditary possession” ^[15] . In the Sheets of Simbirsk governorship for 1780 it was listed ^[16] .

The village of Novodevichye, on the Volga River, landowner peasants 1054.

It is known from the fund of the Usolsk patrimony stored in the Ulyanovsk State Archive ^[17] that after the death of Count Orlov Grigory, the Volga villages were taken over by the brothers: Vladimir got the village of Usolye , in which there was the count's main patrimonial office and the villages adjacent to Usolye, as well as the village Tukshum (now Novodevichinsky state farm); The village of Novodevichye and the lands with the villages of Rozhdestveno, Perevoloki, Sosnovy Solonets ^{[15] [17]} moved to Fedor . After the death of Fyodor, his lands with villages pass to his brother Alexei Grigoryevich - anshef and chamberlain of Her Imperial Majesty the General - Count Orlov-Chesmensky.
Even during the life of the count, the management of the Novodevichensk patrimonial office was entrusted to his daughter, Princess Anna Alekseevna Orlova-Chesmenskaya . Anna Alekseevna inherited from the father the villages of Novodevichye, Perevoloki, Vinnovka, Karmala, Ekaterinovka, Alekseevka, Vladimirovka, Kanuevka, Ivanovka and others. In six villages belonging to her, temples were built or completed, begun to be built by his father. After the death of his father, Count Alexei Grigoryevich Orlov-Chesmensky, in 1808, brought up in luxury, the maid of honor of the court, went on a pilgrimage to the monasteries and soon abandoned the secular life, settled in the Yuriev Monastery and benefited the monasteries from her vast resources. Of particular importance is its role in the baptism of residents of Chuvash villages in the Samara Territory in 1830. In total, more than 4 thousand people were baptized! All this resembled the first centuries of Christianity ... For thousands of Samara Chuvash Countess Anna became a truly godmother. ^[18] A monument was erected in the village of Taydakovo in honor of this event.
During the tenure of the village of Orlov, the situation of peasants worsened. The lean years, epidemics, and fires began to repeat in which wooden houses and sheds covered with straw were burned to the ground. No one saved his good, everyone thought only of how to save himself and save the children ^[15] . The wooden church burned down. It was decided to build a stone. Some of the money was allocated by Count Alexei Grigoryevich. The treasury released funds a little. Therefore, the craftsmen themselves decided to make a brick from the village. The remaining money was collected from peasants from all around. The building turned out to be 37 meters high; it was finally completed in 1794. Five small bells and one large one were cast ^[19] :

234. p. Novodevichye (Novoprechistensnoe) at p. Volga

The temple is stone, warm, built in 1794. Count Alexei Grigor. Orlov-Chesmensky ; surrounded by a stone fence. There are three thrones in it: the main one in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God , in the right aisle in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and in the left in the name of St. the righteous Zachapia and Elizabeth . . Two chapels : one against the temple on the banks of the Volga, the other in 3 ver. from the temple, with the key of Elshanka ; both are stone. Church land: 102 dess. arable and hayfields. The capital of the church is 500 rubles. 18 kopecks The clergy consists of a priest, deacon, and psalm-reader. Houses: for the priest and the deacon of the church, for the psalm-goer public. Salaries from society instead of grain gatherings: a priest 100 rubles, a deacon and a psalm-reader 50 rubles each. Capital Prct 500 rub. Parishioners in with. Novodevichye (N.R .; volost. Ruled.) In 448 yards. * 1793 m. and 2039; moreover, the dissenters in the 30 yard. * 122 m. and 200 g. Church.- parish . guardianship has existed since 1880 . There are two schools: a two-year men's department M. N. Pr . and a female classmate from the zemstvo. Nearest village: Basement at 8 ver. and Maza in 10 ver. Distance from Simbirsk 115 ver., From Sengiley 45 ver. Mail. address - with. Novodevichye.

The plight of the peasants repeatedly caused their unrest. From 1773 to 1775, a peasant war took place in the Volga region under the leadership of Emelyan Pugachev . In December 1773, Samara surrendered without a fight to the rebels. But they did not succeed in holding Samara for a long time. Tsarist troops defeated the uprising ^[20] . The Ulyanovsk Regional Archive does not have a separate fund for the Novodevichenna patrimonial office of Count Orlov, but there is a private correspondence between the managers of the Usol office Vasily Petrovich Fomin and the Novodevichensk office Ignat Semenovich Kubyshkin. So inventory N 11 of fund 147, serial number 57/18 for 1809 contains a request from the manager of the Usol office Fomin to the manager of the Novodevichensk office Kubyshkin for permission to cut wood from the Novodevichenskoye dacha adjacent to the village of Tukshumu, which belonged to the count, in exchange for cutting down firewood in the Usol dachas adjacent to the countess villages. As a result of subsequent correspondence, the exchange was allowed. In 1820, the Simbirsk boundary office carried out the land surveying of the lands of Princess Anne from the lands of the Usolsky patrimony, after which Princess Anne sold real estate, the peasants of the village of Novodevichy bought off the countess and became free. In the funds of the Usolsky patrimony, the mention of the Novodevichsky office ceases ^[17] .

Part of the peasants went to the Volga, hiring huts to the owners of the barges. This method of transporting goods was at that time the only one on the Volga. The first steamboat passed the river only in 1818, and from 1859 the regular movement of the steamships of the shipping company “On the Volga” “Tsar” and “Tsaritsa” began. Steamboats served the passenger line Kazan - Astrakhan ^[21] .

Serf farming by the middle of the XIX century came to a standstill. Peasant farms fell into decay. The exploitation of peasants intensified, which caused unrest. So in 1839, peasants and factory workers killed their tormentor landowner Krotkov in the village of Shigony and threw it into the fire. The government decided to reform and abolish serfdom. The peasants hoped to get more land. And it turned out that for one revision soul in the Sengiley district they gave 1, 1/3 tithes. This allotment was less than what the peasants had before the 1861 reform . Consequently, the land was also "cut off" by the landowners themselves. If until 1861 the peasants of the Simbirsk province had 736 thousand acres of land, then after the reform they began to have it only 530 thousand acres. The village of Novodevichye belonged to the Sengiley uezd of the Simbirsk province, and here too the "surplus" of land from the peasants was cut off. In addition, the government forced the peasants to redeem their own land and it stood up to three times more expensive. Peasants were forced to eat chaff and quinoa, and they sold bread to pay for the land ^[22] . A number of lean years led to the famine of 1872-1873 and the cholera epidemic in the Volga region. In 1882, the Volga region again suffered from hunger, accompanied by an epidemic of smallpox. ^[23]

Five large marinas barely managed to handle cargo: bread, firewood, various handicrafts brought here from five volosts (Novodevichenskaya, Usolskaya, Terengulskaya, Shigonskaya and Starotukshumskaya). Dozens of barges were loaded on the shore, carts creaking day and night, bringing the cargo to shore. On market days, the market square was filled with cattle, which was also for sale. Novodevichye was famous for its fair.
In 1848, a men's school was opened, in 1897 - a free public library, and in 1899 - a treatment center funded by the provincial zemstvo and with great support from the Russian Red Cross Society.
According to the census of the population of the Russian Empire in 1897, the population of the village of Novodevichye was 3000 people ^[24] .
In the encyclopedic dictionary of F. A. Brockhaus and I. A. Efron in 1907, the following description of the village is given ^[25] :

Novodevichye (Annunciation) - with. Simbirsk province., Sengileevsky district, on the river. Volga. Significant bread marina (over 2000 thousand pounds per year); 4041 inhabitants, post office, telegraph, school, shops, tanneries and sheepskin factories, weekly bazaars and a fair. Gardening, egg trading.

At the end of the 19th century , revolutionary circles were created in Samara and throughout the province. Vladimir Ilyich Lenin arrived in Samara in May 1889 and lived there until August 1893 . The history of the Samara party organization is also associated with his name.

Part of the peasants and intelligentsia of the Novodevichy village gathered in the evenings for secret gatherings, where they read proclamations and leaflets of the revolutionary circles. These were teachers Fochenkov Ivan Konstantinovich, Kuzin Petr Andreevich, Petrov Gavrila Gavrilovich, peasants Sukhanov Vasily Ivanovich, brothers Demidov and others. In March 1907 they raised the peasants to revolt, taking advantage of the fact that the camp and the officers went to the village of Goryushka to pacify the peasants. The peasants established guard at the outskirts, created self-government in the village. About how this speech of the peasants was defeated, says such a document ^[26] :

Report of the commander of the 7th Infantry Revelsky Regiment, Colonel Mecklenburg Nicholas II, about an armed clash of troops with peasants from the village of Novodevichy, Simbirsk province.

March 22, 1907, Syzran.

Your Imperial Majesty all the same informs you that the hunting team of the regiment entrusted to me, consisting of two officers and 50 lower ranks, called to the village of Shigony in the Simbirsk province on the occasion of the workers taking the estate of the Durasovs , was hastily sent to me in the large village of Novodevichy, where the residents, having changed the administration , established self-government, deciding not to pay taxes and not to let troops.

Despite the ensuing thaw, falling knee-deep in the snow, the team on March 14 approached the village of Novodevichy in order, but the residents did not show any hostility. Having occupied the library building, we settled down for the night, taking appropriate security measures. At about 10 o’clock in the evening the outside sentry, noticing an approaching crowd of people, hastened to warn the team. At this external security signal, the team very quickly left the premises, but the huge crowd of people, armed with scythes, with shots in the direction of the team, was so close that the head of the team, captain Veder, unable to use the team for a volley, due to insufficient space, put the team in bayonets. The crowd was instantly dispersed. Thanks to this measure, the number of residents is: only one killed, but more than 50 seriously injured and a very large number with less significant injuries, bruises from the butt. Residents resigned. An incident is being investigated. Colonel of Mecklenburg

Eyewitnesses talk about this event in this way: the peasants learned that punishers had come to the village. They grabbed axes, pitchforks and braids, quickly gathered near the church. The team was already on its feet. This is where the landfill began. The peasants could not show serious resistance and retreated. And at night the arrests began. Some managed to hide. And the teachers I.K. Fochenkov took. In the morning they came to his apartment with a search, but, rummaging, left with nothing, for the owner (Andrei Ivanovich Sukhanov) managed to hide the forbidden literature: letters and leaflets of the tenant. After the arrests and flogging, several peasants were released, but 9 people were still exiled.

On June 6, 1907, the Volzhskiye Vesti newspaper wrote ^[27] :

The laborers of the Russian land are drawn into an endless string of distant exiles; nothing seems to inflict as much grief and suffering as this sudden measure. On one suspicion, wives and children are deprived of their last breadwinners and left to starvation and suffering, and the last household is finally pulled away and dies. We have received a message from the 9 peasants from the village of Novodevichye of the Sengileevsky district: A. Cherneykin, P. Strelkov, brothers N. and P. Demidov, I. Vyrypaev, V. Palagin, V. Sukhanov, N. Kuznetsov and G. Kolesnikov. Since March 16, they have been in the Sengiley prison, and on May 30 they were sent by administrative boat to Kazan through the government ship to Kazan for 2 years through Kazan. They send us out - the peasants give us away, and the famines of our families remain in Novodevichyev and are not persecuted, we turn to our brothers peasants and to all people who have a feeling of compassion, do not forget our small children, save them from starvation, we are going with the firm faith that a better, free life will come for the working people.

May 4, 1913. A grandiose fire in the village of Novodevichy, Sengileevsky district. Although it lasted no more than three hours, 400 houses burned down, the market square with shops and taverns burned to the ground; trade offices died. Among the peasants, the fire destroyed all the belongings, agricultural equipment, bread in the barns and on the barn, many horses and poultry. Firewood burned at the Samara timber merchants: at Pulkin - 15 five, at Antonov - 20 five and Chernozubov - 100 five. Firewood was piled ashore for loading into barges and dispatched to Samara. Enormous bread stalls burned ashore, including at the Samara grain merchant Kotov - a barn with 10 thousand pounds of wheat. 14 people became victims of the fire, most of them children. Many villagers received severe burns.

A rural municipality council was created in the village. The first organizers of Soviet power in the village of Novodevichye were: Vyrypaev Ivan Zakharovich, Kazyatin Grigory Alexandrovich with his son Ivan, Shaldaev Vasily Grigoryevich, Rachkov Petr Vasilievich, Kupryashov Egor Efimovich, Sukhanov Mikhail Vasilievich, Kosourov Ivan Fedorovich, Budylin Andrei. They called for the land to be taken from the kulaks. But the power of the Soviets did not have time to strengthen. In the spring of 1918, the Civil War and Military Intervention began , and the revolt of the White Whales began in the Volga region.

V.I. Lenin attached great importance to the events on the Volga , since bread, oil, and weapons were brought to the Republic of Soviets along the Volga. An attack group is being created - the Iron Division , commanded by Guy Dmitrievich Gai . In September 1918, this division liberated Simbirsk from enemies. Then a course was taken on Syzran and Samara . On September 26, 1918, the division landed troops at Novodevichy and Klimovka and liberated these villages. On October 3, Syzran was liberated, and on October 7, Samara . In the battles for the village of Novodevichye, several Red Army soldiers from the Guy 's Iron Division died. They were buried in a mass grave, a monument was erected on it. When the flood zone of the village was transferred, a new obelisk was placed in the park near the club before filling the Kuibyshev reservoir. Many residents of our village fought on the fronts of the Civil War. Petr Vasilievich Rachkov, a resident of the village of Novodevichya, a member of the party since 1919, was an active participant in revolutionary events. In April 1919, he was appointed deputy chairman of the Novodevichensk Volunteer Executive Committee, and in September of that year, its chairman. Volyspolkom concentrated in itself all state and executive power.

There was a civil war . In the south, Wrangel advanced. Together with P.V. Rachkov, E. M. Kalev, a member of the party since 1919, and military commissar I.L. Puzanov, a member of the party since 1918, leave Novodevichy to the front. After a short training, the fighter Rachkov goes to the front line - near Kakhovka. In battle, he was seriously injured and returned after healing to his native village. He worked in senior positions: instructor of the district party committee, head of the organizational and instructor department, chairman of the district executive committee. He especially appreciated the memory of his military affairs - the Order of the Red Banner , received for participating in the battle of Perekop . Here are the names of those who defended the power of the people: Vagin Vasily Stepanovich, Kupryashov Ivan Egorovich, Polyakov Ivan Yakovlevich, Andreev Vladimir Dmitrievich , Usov Petr Grigorievich, Sosov Stepan Ivanovich, Makushin F.P., Dubov Alexey Mikhailovich and others.

After the capture of Syzran on June 11, 1918, a detachment of Kappel volunteers returned to Samara, and from there along the Volga it was transferred to Stavropol and occupied the city. Then he carries out an operation to clean up the right bank of the Volga from the Red Army. The main battles take place with the capture of the village of Klimovka and the village of Novodevichy. They are described in detail in the memoirs of V.O. Vyrypaev ^[28] The battles for Novodevichye

The transition of Soviet power to the policy of war communism and the beginning of the surplus-surplus led to mass peasant uprisings.
On March 5, 1919, a peasant rebellion broke out in the village of Novodevichye under the leadership of the fist of Motokhin, known as the Chapanka . Here is what is described in documents ^[29] :

A counter-revolutionary rebellion broke out in the village of Novodevichye. The rebels disarmed the food detachment , arrested the communists and members of the executive committee. The representatives of the executive committee of the province executive committee who arrived in Novodevichye to end the rebellion peacefully killed the rebels, and threw the corpses into the ice-hole. After the brutal beating, the chairman of the volost Cheka V. Kazimirov was tied upside down by the legs to the sleigh, dragged to the Volga and, thrown into the hole, shot at point-blank range. The Red Army detachment sent from Sengilei surrounded and disarmed the rebels, and his commander was shot. The leaders of the rebellion created the headquarters of the "peasant army", which sent out circulars to the neighboring villages urging them to join the rebellion and arrest the communists. At the same time, the headquarters sent armed gangs organized by him to the nearest villages of Sengileevsky , Syzran and Melekessky counties in order to force the people to join the rebellion.

The chairman of the Simbirsk executive committee M.I. Gimov informed the chairman of the executive committee, R. E. Zirin, about the insurgency that had begun in the village of Novodevichye of the Sengileevsky district and sent it to the Samara executive committee ^[30] via direct wire to Syzran . On 100 supplies, the rebels arrived in the village of Usolye , where they managed to put together a large detachment, armed with hunting rifles, rifles, lances, etc. On March 8, they divided into several detachments and moved in three directions: to the village of Zhiguli , the village of Pechersky and the village of Usinskoye .

To eliminate the rebellion, a detachment of Red Army soldiers was sent from Syzran to the village of Usinsk. However, he was ambushed and defeated. The captured 32 people from the detachment rebels subjected to terrible torture and then killed. Among the dead was A. A. Smirnitskaya, the organizer of the Komsomol of the city of Syzran ^[31] . Only on March 14 was it possible to liquidate the rebellion.

In a letter to L. D. Trotsky, the commander of the 4th Army of the Eastern Front, M. V. Frunze , reporting the defeat of the "chapan", wrote that the movement was massive and organized. His goal was to seize the cities of Samara , Syzran and Stavropol ... The uprising went under the slogans: "Long live the Soviet government on the platform of the October Revolution ! Down with the communists and the commune !". The rebels were severely punished. Over 600 "leaders and kulaks " were shot, the village of Usinskoye was "completely burnt" ^[32] .

• Novodevichye
• Novodevichy Convent
• Orlova-Chesmenskaya, Anna Alekseevna
• Chapan war

• Erofeev Valery. The owners of the Samara bows. Volzhskaya Commune, 12/05/2009 (Article on the Count family of the Orlovs)
• Samara missionary Princess Anna Alekseevna Orlova-Chesmenskaya // Defender of Holy Russia // Blagovest, Samara Orthodox Internet newspaper
• Novodevichy Convent on the site Orthodoxy.ru
• The village of Novodevichye - a local history site: history, events, people, essays and memories

• Fomin V.I. Novodevichye // Local Lore Notes. Issue 2. Kuib. Prince ed., 1971.P. 29 - 49.
• Historical travels. Extracted. from memoirs and notes of foreign. and Russian. travelers on the Volga in the XV-XVIII centuries. Comp. [and aut. will enter, articles] V. Alekseev . Stalingrad, Kraev, publishing house, 1936.327 p. with silt. Decree. names and geography. Name: p. 317-327.