State meeting in Moscow

Formally, the idea of ​​holding the meeting was put forward by A.F. Kerensky . His proposal was formalized by resolution of the meeting of the Provisional Government No. 144 of July 27, 1917, in which the purpose of the meeting was defined as the unity of state power with all organized forces of the country in view of the exclusivity of the events experienced.

The meeting was attended by about 2500 people: 488 deputies of the State Duma of all convocations, 129 representatives from the Soviets of Peasant Deputies, 100 from the Soviets of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies, 147 from the City Duma, 117 from the Army and Navy, 313 from cooperatives, 150 from commercial and industrial circles and banks, 176 from trade unions, 118 from zemstvos, 83 from intelligentsia, 58 from national organizations, 24 from clergy, etc. ^[1]

The councils were represented by delegations of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviets of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies and the Central Executive Committee of the Councils of Peasant Deputies, consisting of Mensheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries. The Bolsheviks — representatives of the Soviets — intended to make a declaration at the Conference exposing the counterrevolutionary, in their opinion, sense of the meeting, and then leave it. However, the Socialist-Revolutionary-Menshevik leaders of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviets of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies did not admit them to the delegation. Nevertheless, the Bolsheviks were able to attend the Conference among the trade union, cooperative and some other delegations, but were deprived of the opportunity to read out their declaration and submitted it to the Presidium of the Conference for publication.

The Minister of the Provisional Government , A.F. Kerensky, chaired the meeting. Opening the meeting, he assured that “iron and blood” would crush all attempts to resist the government.

On the first day of the meeting, reports were made by Minister of Internal Affairs N. D. Avksentiev , Minister of Trade and Industry S. N. Prokopovich , Deputy Minister-Chairman and Minister of Finance N. V. Nekrasov .

The debate was attended by 84 people.

The main events of the Conference were the speeches of A. F. Kerensky , N. S. Chkheidze , Supreme Commander-in-Chief L. G. Kornilov , A. M. Kaledin .

The meeting was also addressed by M.V. Alekseev , E. K. Breshko-Breshkovskaya , A. I. Guchkov , P. A. Kropotkin , V. A. Maklakov, P. N. Milyukov , V. D. Nabokov , G. V. Plekhanov , M.V. Rodzianko , P.P. Ryabushinsky , D. B. Ryazanov , S. D. Salazkin, I. G. Tsereteli , V.V. Shulgin , V.V. Rudnev , etc.

At the meeting, a split occurred between moderate and revolutionary groups. In the speeches of L.G. Kornilov, A.M. Kaledin, P.N. Milyukov, V.V. Shulgin, and others, the following program was formulated: the liquidation of the Soviets, the abolition of public organizations in the army, the war to the bitter end, the restoration of the death penalty, severe discipline in the army and in the rear - in factories. In particular, General A. Kaledin, delegated to the Conference from the Cossacks, noted that in a terrible hour of difficult trials at the front and in the rear, from complete political and economic collapse and ruin, from destruction a country can only be saved by really firm power, not bound by narrow party parties group interests, free from the need to look at all kinds of committees and councils after every step, and aware of the fact that the source of sovereign state power is the will of the whole people, not individual couples s and groups.

At the same time, for example, P. Ryabushinsky said that Russia is governed by a dream, ignorance and demagogy.

A.F. Kerensky, summing up the meeting, said that its significance was that representatives of all classes, parties and nationalities of Russia openly expressed their opinion on the measures that are needed to save the state; a greater understanding has been reached in society; The interim government will try to implement all the proposals aimed at reconciliation and unification of the country; the government proceeds from the fact that the conference spoke in favor of continuing the war, maintaining loyalty to the allies, in connection with which the most important are the issues of strengthening the army, as well as the revival and strengthening of financial and economic life.

No documents (resolutions, etc.) were adopted at the Meeting.

Some of the Moscow workers, organized by revolutionary political forces, in connection with the Conference, declared a one-day general strike on the day of its beginning, in which more than 400 thousand people took part.

The meeting received a negative assessment in Soviet historiography as a conspiracy of counter-revolutionary forces for the preparation of Kornilovism .

• All-Russian Democratic Conference
• Provisional Council of the Russian Republic
• State meeting in Ufa

• State meeting // Great Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 vols.] / Ch. ed. Yu.S. Osipov . - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2004—2017.
• State meeting August 12 - 15, 1917. Verbatim Report / Center. archive. Oct roar before Y. A. Yakovleva. M .; L .: State Publishing House, 1930.425 s.
• Lenin V.I. Rumors of a conspiracy. Full Sobr. Op., 5th ed. T-34.
• Protocols of the Central Committee of the RSDLP (b). August 1917 - February 1918, M., 1958.
• The revolutionary movement in Russia in August 1917. The defeat of the Kornilov rebellion. Documents and materials, M., 1959.