Bathory ( Hungarian. Báthory , Polish. Batory ) - the Hungarian magnate race, later princely and royal, who played a significant role in Eastern Europe during the late Middle Ages . From 1576 to 1603, in the person of Krishtof I, Batory , as well as Zhigmond Batory , was a princely family. From 1571 to 1576 in the person of Stefan Batory , he was also considered a princely Transylvanian lineage. From 1575 to 1586, in the person also Stefan Batory was considered a royal family.
They come from the city of Shomieux , where their family castle was located. The castle was built by Miklos Batori at the beginning of the XIII century and was first mentioned under the year 1319. After Bathory in 1592 built a mansion in the city, the castle fell into neglect and now lies in ruins.
The last members of the Batory family lived in the beginning of the 17th century in the Commonwealth . Countess Sophia, the last of the Batory, was the wife of György II Rakoczy . She died in Palanka in 1680.
Content
Origin
Bathory is supposedly a branch of the Gutkeled clan, the founders of which were the brothers Gut and Keled, who during the reign of Peter Orseolo (1038-1046) migrated to Hungary from Germany.
Actually, the Batory family originates from Andrash Lysy from Rakomaz, which is mentioned in 1250, as the patron saint of the Sarvar monastery in the Committee of Satmar. In 1279, King Laszlo IV awarded his brother Andrash Khodash and sons Andras Gyord (d. 1307), Benedict (d. 1321) and Berek (d. 1322) for their military merits with the Bator castle in the Szabolcs committee. Bator by that time was the possession of Vaida, the son of Langos, who married a relative of Andras, but left no heirs. In 1310, Berek became the full owner of Bator, after which his descendants began to be called Batory.
Branches
The descendants of Berek were divided into several branches. The oldest branch, Batori-Shomieu , comes from Laszlo (d. 1373), the son of Janos, Count Satmar, who was the eldest son of Berek. Laszlo, Count Szabolcsa, married Annei Medieši and received Chomieux Castle as dowry. Brother Laszlo György was the founder of the Shimolin clan or Bathory-Shimolin . A further division of the branch took place under the great-grandchildren of Laszlo: Janos and Istvan became the founders of the Batori Sanislofi clan , while Miklos continued the Batory- Shomyeu line.
The younger branch, Bator-Echeda, is derived from Lökös, the younger son of Berek. Lokosh owned lands in Satmar, and then received from King Karl Robert Echad, where he built the castle of Hrsay. Sometimes this branch is called Nyrbator (New Batory).
Miklos
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Istvan
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Stefan Krishtof Anna
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Zhigmont Elizabeth
Coat of arms
According to legend, one of the first representatives of the genus Vitus Gutkeled volunteered to kill the dragon, who settled in the swamps and hunted the local population. Vitus killed him with three blows of his spear and received the castle as a reward. Grateful people called him Bator (Hungarian, manly) and "animus magnanimus". In 1325, the sons of Berek received a coat of arms that was associated with this legend: three horizontal dragon's teeth, which holds a shield and wraps its neck around its tail.
Representatives
The most famous members of this family were:
- Miklos IV Batori - Transylvanian voivode, in 1467 headed an unsuccessful campaign against Moldova;
- István Bátori ( 1477–1534 ) - the governor of Transylvania, the son of Miklos IV, father of Stephen Batory ;
- Krishtof I Batori ( 1530 - 1581 ) - Prince of Transylvania (in the period from 1576 to 1581 years );
- Stefan Batory ( 1533 - 1586 ) - King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania; Prince of Transylvania ;
- Elizaveta Batori ( 1560 - 1614 ) - Countess, niece of Stephen Batory.
- Veronica Batori ( 1551 - 1600 ) - daughter of the Polish king Stephen Batory , prince of Transylvania ;
- Zhigmond Batory ( 1572 - 1613 ) - Prince of Transylvania (in the period from 1581 to 1603 years ).
In Russia
In the Russian Empire, the barons of the Simolins considered themselves the descendants of Batori and, on the basis of Part 5 of the General Armorial of the Noble Clans of the All-Russian Empire, p. 41 and point 86 of the Nobility List of the Voronezh Province Bakunin and Bakulin (possibly also Baturins ).
Links
- Generation painting of the Batory family
- Batory // Military Encyclopedia : [in 18 t.] / Ed. VF Novitsky [et al.]. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-islands I. D. Sytin , 1911-1915.
- Batory // Encyclopedic dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extra.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.