Ucerkara is the pharaoh of Ancient Egypt , who ruled around 2337 - 2335 BC. e., from the VI dynasty .
| Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt | |
 Usercara | |
|---|---|
 Cartouche named Usercar | |
| Dynasty | VI dynasty |
| Historical period | Ancient kingdom |
| Predecessor | Aunts |
| Successor | Piopi I |
| Chronology |
|
His name is contained only in the Abydos list of kings , carved on the wall of the temple of Seti I in Abydos , where it stands between the names of the founder of the VI dynasty Aunt and his son Piopi I. The Turin papyrus did not retain the names of the kings of the VI dynasty and therefore has no evidentiary power. In the place where, according to the restoration of this document, perhaps the name of the pharaoh Userkar should have been located, a lacuna is located, which, it would seem, testifies in favor of the Abydos version. However, in the Turin list opposite each name are numbers indicating the duration of the reign. Against the supposed name of Usercar, there is not even a hint of it. Most likely, this line did not contain the name of the king, but there was some explanation for the name of the Aunt.
Neither the Sakkar list , nor the authors citing Manetho , mention the name of this king. Finally, he was not mentioned a word in his lengthy inscription by the nobleman Una , who lived during the first pharaohs of the VI dynasty, although the same inscription speaks of the pharaohs Aunt , Piopi I and Merenra I.
No reliable monuments from his reign were found, although he is credited with about a dozen small items, almost entirely cylindrical seals . Moreover, on all the monuments the name of Userkar is seriously damaged and is restored only presumably. It should be noted that the same name was borne by another king, namely the Hanger Ucerkara from the XIII dynasty and, perhaps, these artifacts should be attributed to him. It is possible that Userkara is just the “throne name” of Aunt , mistakenly circled in the Abydos list as a separate name of the pharaoh in a separate royal cartouche .
In favor of the existence of Userkar, a half-erased list of pharaohs of the VI dynasty and the results of the annual cattle census found on the cover of the basalt sarcophagus of Ankhesenpeppi I , the wife of Pharaoh Piopi I, can serve. In essence, these inscriptions are, as it were, a continuation of the chronicle of Palermo stone . These inscriptions were recently reconstructed and readable. From what I read, it seems like it turns out that the pharaoh of Usercar really existed and ruled for about 2 to 4 years. Mentioned the second time reckoning cattle. Livestock censuses for taxation in more ancient times were usually done once every two years, but by the time of the reign of the VI dynasty, it probably began to be conducted once a year. And 2 years of reign for the period of reign of Userkar, which is not rich in historical monuments, seem more preferable.
Pharaoh's name
| Name type | Hieroglyphic writing | Transliteration - Russian-language vowels - Translation | |||||||||||||||||
| "Throne name" (as king of Upper and Lower Egypt) | wsr-kȝ-Rˁ - user-ka-Ra (Userkara) - “ Ra ’s soul is strong” | ||||||||||||||||||
It seems that there is an indication that Queen Hentkaus II was the mother of Userkar. On one building tool that has been preserved since then, the group of workers of the pharaoh Userkar is named, which, perhaps, can serve as an indication of the planning of large construction projects. However, not one of the discovered pyramids is identified with the name of this ruler. Perhaps he did not even begin these works, because of the brevity of his reign.
There are two hypotheses regarding the identity of Usercar (if we take into account that a pharaoh with that name really existed). The first is that Ucerkara was regent under Piopi I, who ruled on behalf of the young king together with Queen Iput, the widow of Aunt. The second tells that Ucerkara was a supporter of a group of nobles in the Egyptian court, which, at least according to the Manetho, killed Aunts. After which he seized the throne by force. Simply put, he was a usurper and an illegal king. However, the fact that his name was on the official list of Egyptian kings makes this theory untenable.
It is not known how the reign of Userkar ended. If he really belonged to the conspiratorial group that killed Aunts, the fact that Pioti I, the aunt's son, succeeded him, at least indicates that his coup was not successful for a long time. Subsequently, his name, apparently, was everywhere destroyed.
| VI dynasty | ||
| Predecessor: Aunts | pharaoh of egypt OK. 2337 - 2335 BC e. (ruled approximately 2-6 years) | Successor: Piopi I |
Links
- Weigall A. History of the Pharaohs. The ruling dynasties of the early, ancient and middle kingdom of Egypt. 3000-1800 BC / Per. from English I. B. Kulikova. - M .: CJSC Centerpolygraph, 2018 .-- 351 p. - 2000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-9524-5259-9 .
- Zamorovsky V. Their Majesties the Pyramids / Per. from the Slovak O. I. Malevich. - M .: The main editors of oriental literature of the publishing house "Science", 1981. - 447 p. - (In the wake of the disappeared cultures of the East). - 15,000 copies.
- History of the Ancient East. The origin of the oldest class societies and the first foci of slave civilization. Part 2. Front Asia. Egypt / Edited by G. M. Bongard-Levin . - M .: The main edition of the eastern literature of the publishing house " Science ", 1988. - 623 p. - 25,000 copies.
- Berlev O.D. New about Tsar Uskrere (VI dynasty) // Ancient East, 2 (collection of articles). M., 1980.S. 56-63.
- Ancient East and antiquity . // Rulers of the World. Chronological and genealogical tables on world history in 4 vols. / Compiled by V.V. Erlikhman . - T. 1.