architectural monument (federal) Church of the Ascension of the Lord in the Watchmen, at the Nikitsky Gate ("Great Ascension") - the Orthodox church of the Central Deanery of the Moscow Diocese .
| Orthodox church | |
| Church of the Ascension of the Lord in the Watchmen, at Nikitsky gate | |
|---|---|
 Temple of the Great Ascension | |
| A country |  Russia |
| City | Moscow |
| Denomination | Orthodoxy |
| Diocese | Moscow city |
| Reverence | Central |
| Type of building | Church |
| Architectural style | Empire |
| Established | XV century |
| Building | 1798 - 1816 |
| Status |  Object of cultural heritage No. 7710482000 |
| condition | acts |
| Site | bolshoevoznesenie.ru |
The temple is located in the Presnensky district, the Central Administrative District of Moscow ( Bolshaya Nikitskaya Street , 36). The main throne is consecrated in honor of the feast of the Ascension of the Lord ; chapels in honor of the meeting of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God , in honor of the holiday, the beheading of the head of St. John the Baptist , in honor of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker , in honor of the icon of the Mother of God "All Who Sorrow, Joy" , an aide - in honor of St. Tikhon , Patriarch of Russia .
Content
History
The wooden church of the Ascension of the Lord, which is in the Watchmen, which existed in this area, the first mention of which dates back to 1619, burned down in 1629. Perhaps the name “watchmen” is associated with a prefabricated wooden fortification in a dangerous western direction - a jail [1] .
In 1685-1689, Tsarina Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina , whose court was nearby, on the site of the current Dining Lane , built a stone Ascension Church "about five stone chapters" with chapels of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God and St. Nicholas - a little to the west of the now standing. Near the church on October 7, 1774, Daria Vasilyevna Potemkina bought “a large house with mansions” from Prince S. V. Gagarin . After 1784, the land became the property of Prince G. A. Potemkin , who hoped to build a new church and turn it into the Cathedral of the Transfiguration Regiment , whose boss was [2] . Initially, V. I. Bazhenov was involved in the design; in 1792, the priest Antipa Matveev informed P. V. Lopukhin about the “material made up of brick” (architect Colonel Bazhenov made a model of several hundred thousand rubles.) But the foundation of the former church was not strong enough and it was decided to build a new church nearby. why Potemkin gave his yard in. Death in 1791 prevented him from realizing these plans, but his nephew N.P. Vysotsky and his brother gave the priest Antipa and the capital for the construction of the church in 1795 and commissioned the design of a new church To M. F. Kazakov . In 1798, the refectory was laid with two chapels [3] , in which the thrones of the icon of the Mother of God of All Who Sorrowful Joy and Nikolai the Miracle-Worker are now located. During the fire of 1812, the unfinished building burned out and was completed in 1816. The wedding of the poet Alexander Pushkin with Natalya Goncharova took place in this refectory on February 18 ( March 2 ), 1831. By this time, the old church was dismantled, with the exception of the bell tower, and the project was revised; in the surviving drawings there are signatures of A. G. Grigoriev and F. M. Shestakov ; in 1830, O. I. Beauvais added ionic porticoes on the northern and southern facades . Only in 1845 the construction was completed - without the magnificent bell tower planned at the entrance to the temple. After the death of Shestakov, the work was supervised by E. D. Tyurin [4] . The construction was finally completed only in 1848 by A. G. Grigoriev .
The iconostases were executed in 1840 by the architect M.D. Bykovsky .
Although the church was officially called the “Church of the Ascension of the Lord beyond the Nikitsky Gates”, the name “The Great Ascension” was widely spread among the people, unlike the “Small Ascension” - the older church built in 1634, whose official name was “The Church of the Ascension of the Lord on Nikitskaya in the White City ” [5] (now 18 Bolshaya Nikitskaya Street).
The building as a whole is made in the Empire style . The basis is a monumental rectangular volume ( four ), decorated with side porticoes, in which there are side thrones: the Presentation of the Icon of the Mother of God of Vladimir and the Beheading of the Head of John the Baptist. The four ends with a cylindrical light drum with a hemispherical gilded dome . A semicircular apse is adjacent to the square. The inside of the church had excellent acoustics. Now the building is the architectural dominant of the square.
Parishioners of the church were many representatives of the intelligentsia, nobility and merchants who lived nearby. In it, in 1863, the funeral service of M. S. Shchepkin , in 1928 - M. N. Ermolov . The sisters of G. A. Potemkin were buried in the church: Maria Alexandrovna Samoilova, Pelageya Alexandrovna Vysotskaya and Nadezhda Alexandrovna Potemkina.
On November 13, 1917, junkers and officers who died during the October fighting in Moscow were buried in the church. In 1920, Fyodor Chaliapin read the “Apostle” at the wedding of his daughter Irina [4] .
April 5, 1925 in the church, Patriarch Tikhon of Moscow and All Russia celebrated his last service; during the service he was placed in the bishop Sergius (Nikolsky) [6] .
In 1931 the church was closed. The building housed a container warehouse, then a garage. The iconostases were dismantled (old icons were burned right in the temple building), painted over the wall paintings, arranged floor floors, erected partitions, in the apse of the altar they broke through the gates, dismantled the porticoes and made new window openings. In 1937, the tent bell tower of the 17th century was demolished. In the 1960s, the building housed a laboratory for high-voltage gas discharge and lightning protection of the G. M. Krzyzhanovsky Energy Institute . To visit the USSR in 1972, US President R. Nixon redecorated the building. In 1987, a laboratory was opened - it was planned to carry out restoration and place a concert hall on the premises [4] .
In 1990, the building was transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church, and on September 23, 1990, regular services were resumed there; on the feast of the Ascension of the Lord, the temple was consecrated by the hierarchal rank [7] . The aisles and the altar at that time were divided into two floors, and the gaps in the floor gaped, which had to be covered with sheets of plywood and boards. In the early 1990s, the building was reconstructed; in 1993-1994 the facades were renovated [4] .
During the work, the foundation of the bell tower demolished in 1937 was discovered, on which in 2002-2004 a new, previously non-existent 61-meter bell tower was built on the west side of the church, the design of which was developed by the architect-restorer O. I. Zhurin on the basis of an unrealized project F. M. Shestakova [4] . Patriarch Alexy II consecrated the new bell tower on May 20, 2004. In 2002-2009 and in 2012, the facades of the building were restored and the refectory was restored, a ramp was built and a staircase was altered from the side of Malaya Nikitskaya Street, and the fence was restored [4] .
In 2007, a funeral service for the historian and researcher of Russian architecture A.I. Komech was held in the church [8] .
Current status
The church holds the revered icon of the Iberian Mother of God, the icon of the great martyr Panteleimon, the icon of St. Nicholas, the icon of the "Tsaritsa" and "Kazan" of the Mother of God, the image of St. Patriarch Tikhon, the image of St. Pr. Sergius of Radonezh, shoe with the relics of St. Spiridon of Trimyphuntus.
The temple chapel of Boris and Gleb on Arbat Square is attributed to the arrival of the temple.
There is a Sunday school at the temple.
In November 2018, the reconstruction of the church was completed. It took two years for the specialists to restore the old interiors and wall painting [9] .
Clear
- Protopresbyter Vladimir Divakov - Rector of the Church (since August 31, 1990), Dean of the Central District, Secretary of the Patriarch for the City of Moscow (since 2009)
- Archpriest Vladislav Tsypin
- Archpriest Boris Davydov
- Archpriest Alexander Ptitsyn
- Archpriest Vladimir Antonov
- Archpriest Dimitry Berdnikov
- Protodeacon Dimitry Kazantsev
See also
- Little Ascension
Notes
- ↑ Moscow: Encyclopedia / chap. ed. S. O. Schmidt ; comp .: M.I. Andreev, V.M. Karev. - M .: Big Russian Encyclopedia , 1997 .-- 976 p. - 100,000 copies. - ISBN 5-85270-277-3 .
- ↑ Russian churches - photo guide.
- ↑ Church Gazette, May 2005 Archival copy of December 26, 2012 on the Wayback Machine
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Moscow, which is / Comp. A. Alekseev. - M .: Department of Cultural Heritage of Moscow, 2013. - P. 179. - 238 p.
- ↑ Confessions of a Nikita Magpie . - Archive of TsIAM, f. 203, op. 747, d. 221.
- ↑ On the feast of the Ascension of the Lord His Holiness Patriarch Kirill celebrates the Liturgy in the Metropolitan Church of the Great Ascension and led the consecration of Archimandrite Sergius (Bulatnikov)
- ↑ Ascension of the Lord (“The Great Ascension”) in the Watchmen, at the Nikitsky Gate the temple On the official site of MP.
- ↑ Keeper. Alexey Ilyich Komech and the fate of Russian architecture / Samover N .. - M .: Art - XXI century, 2009. - P. 68. - 383 p. - 1100 copies. - ISBN 978-5-980-51-060-2 .
- ↑ Alexander Terekhin. The restored Church of the Great Ascension was opened in Moscow . NTV. Date of treatment November 21, 2018.
Literature
- Palamarchuk P.G. Forty magpies. Moscow within the boundaries of the Garden Ring: Kitay-Gorod, White City, Earth City, Zamoskvorechye. - M .: JSC "Book and Business", JSC "Krom", 1994. - T. 2. - S. 297-304. - 646 p. - 25,000 copies. - ISBN 5-7119-0013-7 .
- Church of the Ascension in Moscow // Russian Archive . - M.: University Printing House (M. Katkov), 1882. - Issue. 3-4. - S. 91-96.
- Vaskin A. But I do not like Moscow life, or What remains of Pushkin Moscow. - M., 2010.