Guly-Gulenko, Andrey Alekseevich

Education and service in the Russian army

Born into a peasant family.

He graduated from the Richelieu Lyceum in Odessa ( 1907 ), the Novo-Alexandria Agricultural College ( 1911 ). During his studies at the institute, he participated in the activities of the national organization Ukrainian community.

In 1911-1914 he served in the army as part of the 11th combat engineer battalion. In 1914-1917 he participated in the First World War as part of the same battalion, transformed in 1916 into the 11th engineer regiment. He started the war with the rank of ensign, and ended with the rank of captain. He was awarded the Order of St. George IV degree (March 4, 1917). He was wounded three times, declared unfit for service at the front and sent to the rear of the Romanian front in Bessarabia , engaged in timber harvesting and hydraulic works.

Ukrainian military leader

After the February Revolution, he was a member of the divisional committee, and then delegated to the ROMCHEROD (Central Executive Committee of Deputies of the Councils of the Romanian Front, Black Sea Fleet , Odessa Military District). He was one of the organizers of the Ukrainian movement on the Romanian front. In May 1917, he was a delegate to the All-Ukrainian Military Congress. Since November 1917 - Head of the Economic Division of the Technical Troops Directorate of the Ukrainian General Staff. In January 1918 he participated in street battles in Kiev against the Bolshevik troops. In April 1918 he was appointed commander of the engineering regiment of the 3rd Kherson corps of the UPR army in Odessa.

After hetman Pavel Skoropadsky came to power, he was dismissed from service as a wartime officer who did not graduate from a military school. He left for Yekaterinoslav , then in Rostov-on-Don and Novorossiysk , the former center of the Ukrainian movement in the North Caucasus . He worked in a Ukrainian organization in the village of Krymskaya, where he was arrested by whites and remained in prison until November 1918. He was released for lack of evidence and returned to Yekaterinoslav.

Participation in the civil war in Ukraine

In November 1918 he took an active part in the anti-Hetman uprising in Yekaterinoslav. Since December 1918 - Head of the Yekaterinoslav Kosh of the UNR Army. In January 1919, his organizational activities led to the creation of the Kherson -Aleksandrovsk ( Zaporozhye ) front against the units of the White Army and the Aleksandrovsk-Novomoskovsk front against the detachments of the anarchist Nestor Makhno . On January 2, his detachment, along with other units of the UPR, knocked out Makhno’s troops from Yekaterinoslav. In February-March 1919, troops under his command, under pressure from the units of the ataman Nikifor Grigoriev, who joined the Bolsheviks, retreated to the west, and Guly-Gulenko himself fell ill and was evacuated to Kamenetz-Podolsky . There he was arrested by counterintelligence of the UPR on charges of having arbitrarily left the front. A few days later he was released, but when Simon Petlyura proposed to him to head the Zaporizhzhya corps , he refused, being offended by the arrest.

He lived in Kamenetz-Podolsky as a private person, but soon returned to military activity. He joined the Central Rebel Committee. Since June 12, 1919, he was the headquarters officer for assignments under the UNR Minister of War, and then again formed a detachment that fought against the Volunteer Army . After fierce battles and a raid on the rear of the white in his unit in the ranks of 300 people remained about half. However, when Guly-Gulenko arrived in the Kherson region, he managed to gather significantly greater forces from local peasants (for some time under his command there were a total of up to 20 thousand people who were part of numerous detachments). Until the end of 1919, the troops of Gulogo-Gulenko operated on the territory of Cherkasy - Elisavetgrad- Yekaterinoslav. In December 1919, they defeated the white troops near Znamenka and Fundukleevka and stormed Elizavetgrad, forcing the whites to leave the city.

In January 1920 , he again fought against the Reds, who occupied most of Ukraine. February 12, 1920 entered with his detachment (at that time it consisted of only 400 infantry and 150 cavalry) in the army of the UPR, making its first winter campaign . He headed the Zaporizhzhya division team (then the 1st Zaporizhzhya division), which he commanded until November 10, 1920. During the campaign, April 1, 1920, he personally led the Black Cossacks regiment, which was part of the division, to attack the Reds armored train. On April 17, the division distinguished itself during the assault on Voznesensk, the success of which played a significant role in the fact that the UPR Army was able to break into the territory controlled by the Poles. In Voznesensk, the depots of the Red Army with artillery and machine guns were captured.

General Mikhail Omelyanovich-Pavlenko, commander of the UPR Army, (personnel officer, former colonel of the Russian army), in his memoirs, gave a positive assessment of the activities of Gulogo-Gulenko, believing that he was guided by his faith in the national cause, selfless service of the nation and the desire to lead the revolution on the path of state building (Omelyanovich-Pavlenko M. Spogadi commander. 1917-1920). Kiev, 2007 . S. 393).

Then Guly-Gulenko, at the head of his division, participated in the Soviet-Polish war, in which the UPR troops acted on the side of Poland . After the end of hostilities he surrendered the command of the division, refusing to go to the Polish internment camp, where military personnel of the UPR were placed. November 10-11, 1920, led by 365 insurgents with 50 machine guns broke through the Bolshevik front and headed for a partisan raid in the Uman area. At the beginning of December 1920, it merged with the ataman’s formations of Semyon Grizzle, Tsvitkovsky and Pyotr Dereshchuk and conducted military operations in the region of Uman, Talnoy, native of Novoarkhangelsk. On the eve of the New Year, he was seriously wounded in a battle near Khristianovka. He was forced to transfer command of the detachment to the centurion Nesterenko. In mid-January 1921, with the help of a Cossack Alexander Novokhatsky, he moved on a cart along the frozen Dniester to Romania , where he was interned. For military merits, he was awarded the Iron Cross Order (UNR).

In April 1921 he visited Warsaw, where he met with generals of the UPR army who were preparing an uprising in Ukraine. In 1921, he organized underground centers on the southern Right Bank of Ukraine, which were to become the pillar of the anti-Bolshevik uprising. In October-November 1921, during the Second Winter Campaign, the UPR army led the so-called Bessarabian (southern) group of forces. On the night of October 17, with its headquarters of 17 people secretly crossed the border Dniester, heading towards Novomirgorod; along the way, the detachment replenished with people. However, the operation ended in failure when it turned out that the main rebel forces were defeated. At the end of December, the group returned to Romania, where in 1922 Guly-Gulenko was part of the UPR mission.

Arrest, court, prison

In early June 1922 illegally crossed the Soviet border and headed to Odessa. There is information that in addition to Odessa, he visited Kiev, Elizavetgrad, other cities and railway junctions. July 17 (according to other sources, July 19) 1922 was arrested by security officers. He was under investigation for three years, initially (as of March 16, 1923 ) he did not plead guilty.

February 28, 1925 he was formally charged. At the trial, he pleaded guilty, stating at the same time that, while fighting against the Soviet regime, he thought to benefit the Ukrainian people, and that "the NEP knocked out the base from under the UNR." On May 27 of the same year, the Kharkov Provincial Court, "given the defeat of all enemies of the Soviet regime and its inviolability in Ukraine," condemned Gulogo-Gulenko not to execution, but to 10 years in prison "with strict isolation and confiscation of all property." He was held in solitary confinement, twice asked to cancel strict isolation, but both times he was refused (the last time was January 29, 1926).

The Mystery of the General's Fate

The further fate of Gulogo-Gulenko is unclear. According to the Ukrainian military historian Yaroslav Tinchenko, in 1927 he was amnestied, after which he went to Donbass to work as an agronomist. Ukrainian historian Roman Koval cites a letter from the head of counterintelligence of the UPR army Nikolai Chebotaryov dated July 20, 1927, which states that Guly-Gulenko fled from the Bolsheviks and is with him (in Poland). In a private letter to Roman Kovaly, the son of one of Gulogo-Gulenko’s associates, Yury Lyuty-Lyutenko, apparently from his father’s words, claimed that Gulyy-Gulenko was exposed as a Soviet agent by Chebotaryov and was killed by another UPR army officer, Colonel Ivan Litvinenko. ^[1] There is no documentary evidence of this version.

Family

The son of General Gulogo-Gulenko, Vladimir, remained in Ukraine (his father did not manage to take him abroad with him at the end of 1920 and because of his arrest in 1922). After adoption, he received the surname Barladyanu-Birladnik. In 1944 he was arrested, sentenced to 10 years in prison, worked in the camp as a doctor, died in 1946 . Grandson - Vasily Barladyanu-Birladnik (1942-2010), a teacher at Odessa University , a member of the dissident movement, was detained in 1977-1983 , died in Odessa.

• Tinchenko Ya. Ofitsersky Corps of the Army of the Ukrainian National Republic (1917-1921). - Prince 1. - K. , 2007. - S. 126-127.

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