Jean Sylvain (Bailly) Bayi ( fr. Jean Sylvain Bailly ; September 15, 1736 , Paris - November 12, 1793 , ibid.) - astronomer and leader of the French Revolution , first president of the Constituent Assembly and Mayor of Paris ; constitutionalist.
| Jean Sylvain Bayi | |
|---|---|
| fr Jean Sylvain Bailly | |
 | |
| Date of Birth | September 15, 1736 |
| Place of Birth | Paris |
| Date of death | November 12, 1793 (57 years old) |
| Place of death | Paris |
| A country | |
| Scientific field | astronomy |
| Alma mater | |
| Signature | |
Content
Life
Jean Sylvain Bayi was born on September 15, 1736 in the French capital, Paris .
His father was a painter and author of several dramatic works. At the age of 16, Bayi wrote two tragedies “ Clotaire ” and “ Tancrede ”. Later, under the influence of Lackaille, he devoted himself exclusively to astronomy. After the appearance of Halley's comet in 1759, he calculated its orbit and in 1763 took the place of Lakail at the Academy of Sciences. His “History of Astronomy” (5 m., Paris., 1775–1787) attracted general attention, which was further intensified as a result of a dispute that arose between the author and Voltaire and prompted the philosopher to write “Letters on the origin of science” (Paris, 1777). and "Letters on Atlantis of Plato" (Paris, 1779).
Bailly was also elected a member of the Academy of Labels and the French Academy ; thus he became a member of all three Academies. In 1778 he became a foreign member of the Swedish Academy of Sciences . Bayi was also a Freemason [1] and entered the Nine Sisters ’ greatest Masonic Lodge [2] .
Participation in the revolution
The revolution pulled him out of the peaceful sphere and moved him to the very center of political life. Selected from the city of Paris as a member of the third estate in the States General , he became president of the states, and when transformed into the National Constituent Assembly by its first president. It was he who led the deputies during the oath in the ball hall ; As president of the Constituent Assembly, in the face of threats and ridicule, he firmly carried out a decree of September 27, 1791 (confirmed on November 30 of the same year) on the equality of Jews. Appointed after the capture of the Bastille by the mayor of Paris, he with incorruptible honesty corrected his position until November 1791. In his political position, he was a supporter of the constitutional monarchy ( felean ).
Resignation and Execution
His direct participation in the execution of an anti-monarchist demonstration on the Field of Mars on July 17, 1791 made him extremely unpopular with the Parisians, and in November of that year he was forced to give up his post as mayor to the Girondist Petion . Bayi retired from social activities and began writing memoirs (published in 1821-1822), living first in the village, in Medon (near Nantes).
Here he was arrested after the Jacobins came to power, was taken to Paris, on November 11, 1793 he was sentenced to death and executed the next day.
Sources
- Bali, Jean Sylvain / / Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extra). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Reference encyclopedic dictionary / ed. A. Starchevsky; ed. K. Kraya. - St. Petersburg: printing house K. Kraya, 1847-18555.
Notes
- ↑ Daniel Ligou, ed. Dictionnaire de la franc-maçonnerie (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1987)
- ↑ Louis Amiable, Une loge maçonnique d'avant 1789, la loge des Neuf Sœurs (Les Editions Maçonnique de France, Paris 1989)