Haplogroup E1b1b1 (Y-DNA)

The question of where the haplogroup E1b1b1 originated has not been finally resolved (East Africa or the Middle East). However, at present, most researchers are leaning in favor of East Africa (perhaps the area of ​​modern North Ethiopia). Regarding the time of occurrence, there is also no consensus. This is due to the fact that some researchers use the so-called evolutionary Zhivotovsky corrections to determine the age of the haplogroup, which increase the primary age by about 2-3 times. Other researchers do not agree with the use of these amendments.

Haplogroup E1b1b1 is found in Africa (Eastern, Northern and Southern), Europe (Southeast, Southern and Central, Novgorod region ^[2] ) and Western Asia.

E1b1b1 *

Unclassified haplogroup E1b1b1 *.

E1b1b1a (V68)

Haplogroup E1b1b1a (V68) is part of the haplogroup E1b1b1. The haplogroup E1b1b1a (V68) in the populations is represented in its main subclade E1b1b1a1 (M78) .

Haplogroup E1b1b1a1 (M78) arose 9975 ± 1500 years ago in the east of the modern Libyan desert, which at that time was a fertile area. Y-haplogroup Haplogroup E1b1b1a1 (M78) arose at the end of the Upper Paleolithic in East Africa and is associated with native speakers of the Egyptian language .

In the following millennia, representatives of the haplogroup E1b1b1a1 (M78) spread throughout Egypt, where they created the oldest agricultural crops, invented one of the oldest scripts, founded one of the oldest and most durable states on Earth - Ancient Egypt .

Starting from the era of the Ancient Kingdom, and possibly even earlier, representatives of the haplogroup E1b1b1a1 (M78) began to spread outside Egypt.

Currently, the haplogroup E1b1b1a1 (M78) is distributed among the peoples of Southeast, Southern and Central Europe ( Albanians , Greeks , Carpatho- Rusyns , Macedonians-Slavs and southern Italians), North-East and East Africa (Egyptian Arabs and Copts, Western Sudanese , Somalis and Ethiopians ) and, to a lesser extent, Western Asia (Turkish Cypriots, Druze and Palestinian Arabs).

E1b1b1b (CTS1243 / Z827)

E1b1b1b1 (L19 / V257)

The haplogroup E1b1b1b1 (L19 / V257) is part of the haplogroup E1b1b1b (Z827). The haplogroup E1b1b1b1 (L19) in the populations is represented in its main subclade E1b1b1b1a (M81) .

E1b1b1b2 (Z830)

E1b1b1b2a (M123 / PF2023)

Haplogroup E1b1b1b2a (M123) is a subclade of haplogroup E1b1b1b2 (Z830).

E1b1b1b2b (M293)

Haplogroup E1b1b1b2b (M293) is a subclade of haplogroup E1b1b1b2 (Z830). Haplogroup E1b1b1b2b (M293) was identified in South Africa by a group of researchers led by Henn in 2008.

High levels of E-M293 were found in specific ethnic groups in Tanzania and South Africa: datoga (43%), khwe (khoe) (31%), burunga (28%) and sandava (24%). Henn et al. In 2008, they also found two Bantu-speaking Kenyan men with the M293 mutation. ^[3]

Beniamino Trombetta et al. Identified 21 men of the haplogroup E1b1b1b2b * (M293) in 2011, among them: Ethiopian volamos (1 out of 12 examined), Kenyan bantu (3 out of 28), Nilo-speaking Kenyans (2 out of 18), South African khwe (8 out of 26) and Bushmen (7 out of 64). ^[four]

Henn et al. suggested that the emergence of the haplogroup E1b1b1b2b (M293) in South Africa is associated with the spread of cattle breeding from East Africa about 2000 years ago. ^[3]

The haplogroup E1b1b1b2b1 (P72) is a subclade of the haplogroup E1b1b1b2b (M293). The P72 SNP mutation was identified by Karafet et al in 2008. Beniamino Trombetta et al. In 2011 identified 1 male haplogroup E1b1b1b2b1 (P72) among 8 South African Bantu . These researchers also determined that E-P72 is a subclade of the haplogroup E1b1b1b2b (M293). ^[four]

E1b1b1b2c (V42)

Haplogroup E1b1b1b2c (V42) is a subclade of haplogroup E1b1b1b2 (Z830). Beniamino Trombetta et al. In 2011 identified 2 male haplogroups E1b1b1b2c (V42) among 22 examined Ethiopian Jews. ^[four]

E1b1b1c (V6)

Haplogroup E1b1b1c (V6) is a subclade of haplogroup E1b1b1 - descendants of the Canaanites ^[5]

E1b1b1d (V92)

Haplogroup E1b1b1d (V92) is a subclade of haplogroup E1b1b1. In 2011, Beniamino Trombetta et al. Identified 1 man of the haplogroup E1b1b1d (V92) out of 34 examined Amharic Ethiopians. ^[four]

• Cruciani et al., " Phylogeographic Analysis of Haplogroup E3b (E-M215) Y Chromosomes Reveals Multiple Migratory Events Within and Out Of Africa ", American Journal of Human Genetics T. 74: 1014-1022, PMID 15042509 , doi : 10.1086 / 386294 , < http://www.familytreedna.com/pdf/hape3b.pdf > . Retrieved August 5, 2009.  
• Battaglia et al. (2008), " Y-chromosomal evidence of the cultural diffusion of agriculture in southeast Europe ", European Journal of Human Genetics , DOI 10.1038 / ejhg.2008.249  
• Henn et al., Y-chromosomal evidence of a pastoralist migration through Tanzania to southern Africa   .
• Trombetta, Vincent; Cruciani, Beniamino; Sellitto, Fulvio & Scozzari, Daniele (2011), MacAulay, Vincent, ed., " A New Topology of the Human Y Chromosome Haplogroup E1b1 (E-P2) Revealed through the Use of Newly Characterized Binary Polymorphisms ", PLoS ONE T. 6 (1): e16073, PMID 21253605 , doi : 10.1371 / journal.pone.0016073 , < http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0016073 >  

Phylogenetic tree and Y-DNA distribution maps of haplogroup E1b1b1

• Y-DNA Haplogroup E and Its Subclades from ISOGG 2013
• Map of E1b1b1 distribution in Europe
• E1b1b1g (E-M293), map.

Projects

• E1b1b (E3b) Y-DNA Project at FTDNA
• Haplozone :: The E-M35 Phylogeny Project (former E3b Project)
• E-M35 Phylogeny Project Wiki
• The Ytree project of the Molecular Genealogy discussion forum. Haplogroup E1b1b1. (inaccessible link)
• E1b1.org is an international Y-DNA project of the haplogroup E1b1 and its subclades.