Agricultural machinery - a wide range of technical tools designed to increase labor productivity in agriculture by mechanization and automation of individual operations or technological processes. In agriculture, machinery is commonly used in agricultural facilities and enterprises. For the permanent use of agricultural machinery for agricultural needs, agricultural bases are created that are responsible for the basing, use and repair of agricultural machinery, as well as for the maintenance of domestic animals, fodder storage and market sales at other smaller agricultural facilities. The most advanced in this regard are the TOZ Databases, the main purpose of which is the basing and use of agricultural machinery and advanced cultivation of agricultural land. The management of TOZ Databases takes place thanks to the Partnerships for joint cultivation of land, which are also the owners of other agricultural bases. Most often, agricultural bases are called by the name of the locality next to which they are located, or by location from some prominent geographical feature.
(on the example of Russia, for 2011) [1]
The main types of agricultural machinery for farming
Presowing technology
- Machine and tractor units:
- Plow
- Harrow
- Tiller
- Rink
- [[Ripper]
Sowing and planting equipment
- Machine and tractor units:
- General purpose seeder
- Precision Seeder
- Transplanter
- Potato planting machine
Crop Care Technique
- Machine and tractor units:
- Cultivator
- Hiller
- Wearer
- Crop thinner
- Bushes pruning machines
- Sprayer
- Aviation equipment :
- Sprayer
Watering and irrigation equipment
- Machine and tractor units:
- Long-range sprinkler machine (DDN)
- Two-console sprinkler
- Chassis sprinklers
- Multi-bearing mobile sprinklers
- Stationary Watering Machines
Fertilizer
- Solid Mineral Fertilizer Spreaders (TMU)
- Liquid Mineral Fertilizer Distributors
- Solid Organic Fertilizer Spreaders (TOU)
- Liquid Organic Fertilizer Machines
- subsoil application
- surface application
- Semi- liquid manure making machines
- Chemical Reclamation Machines
Harvesting equipment
- Machine and tractor units:
- Mower
- Reaper
- Harvesters :
- Grain harvest
- Forage harvesting
- Corn Harvest
- Potato harvest
- For harvesting root crops
- For harvesting onions
- For harvesting cabbage
Postharvest Equipment
- Grain cleaning machine
- Grain throwers and grain loaders
Special crop cultivation technique
- Technique for the cultivation of sugar beets:
- Beet Seeder
- Beet cultivator
- Harvesting machine
- Beet harvester
- Beet loader
- Flax cultivation technique:
- Reaper
- Sheaf binder
- Picker Trusts
- Flax grinder - fan
- Flax Tape Wrapper
- Cotton cultivation technique:
- Cotton tractor
- Cultivator
- Cotton picker
- Cotton picker
- Harvesting machine
- Technique for the cultivation of grapes and hops
- Vineyard tractor
- Vineyard plow
- Tea cultivation technique:
- Tea-making self-propelled chassis:
- Tea Trimming Machine
- Tea picking machine
- Forest Maintenance Technique
- Forestry tractor
- Furrow cutter
- Forest planting machine
- Wood waste disposal machine
The main types of agricultural machinery for livestock
Feed technology
- Machine and tractor units:
- Mower
- Rake
- Baler
- Scraper
- Stacker
- Skid steer loader
- Harvesters:
- Forage harvester [2]
Feed Processing Equipment
- Machine and tractor units:
- Straw Cutter
- Feed mill
- Root cutter
- Forager
- Skid cutter
- Stationary machines
- Feed steamer
- Feed chopper
- Complete feed shop
Animal Care Technique
- Machine and tractor units:
- Feed dispenser
- Mobile drinking bowl
- Stationary cars:
- Waste disposer
- Milking machine
- Manual machines
- Shearing machine
- Hoof cleaner
The main types of equipment for land reclamation
- Machines for the construction and maintenance of irrigation canals:
- Digger
- Channel cleaner
- Machines for the construction and maintenance of drainage systems
- Drainer
- Drain pipe washer
Assistive Technology
- Equipment for water supply:
The history of the introduction of technology in agriculture
Agricultural machinery manufacturers
The largest agricultural machinery manufacturers in the world are:
- Deere & Company (USA) (John Deere Technique). It produces tractors , combine harvesters and other equipment.
- CNH (USA) (Technique Case, New Holland, CNH). Produces tractors , combine harvesters , balers),
- AGCO (USA) (Technique Fendt, Massey Ferguson, Valtra, Challenger). It produces tractors , combine harvesters and other equipment.
- Claas (Germany) (Claas technique). It produces tractors and combine harvesters .
- SDF (Same-Deutz-Fahr) (Italy) (Technique Same, Lamborghini, Deutz-Fahr, Hurlimann). It produces tractors , combine harvesters and other equipment.
- Rostselmash (Russia) ( combine harvesters Akros, Vector, Don, Niva, tractors Versatile). Trailer and mounted agricultural machinery of the Rostselmash trademark are produced by Clover LLC .
- Gomselmash ( Belarus ) and Bryanskselmash (Russia) ( combine harvesters Palesse).
- Minsk Tractor Plant ( Belarus ) (MTZ tractors , motoblocks).
- Bobruiskagromash ( Belarus ) ( fertilizer spreaders , balers , mowers , rakes , tractor trailers , etc.)
- Lidaagroprommash ( Belarus ) (Lida combine harvesters ).
- Krasnoyarsk combine harvester plant (Russia) (Yenisei combine harvesters )
- Lite-Trac ( UK ). It produces tractors , self-propelled sprayers, self-propelled fertilizer spreaders and granular fertilizer spreaders.
- Zetor [3] ( Czech. Zetor Czech Republic, tractors )
The OVS-25 grain cleaning machines and ZM-60 grain throwers are manufactured by the agricultural machinery factory located in Ukraine, and the Voronezhselmash factory founded in 1917 in Russia.
The combine harvesters in the USSR were also engaged in the Taganrog Combine Plant , the Tula Combine Plant [4] .
See also
- Agreecultural machines. Agreecultural equipment
- The Bizon Track Show is the only tractor race in Russia
- Agrosalon international specialized exhibition of agricultural machinery
Notes
- ↑ Electronic version of the collection "Russia in Figures", 2012 - Rosstat
- ↑ Characteristics of forage harvesters . Agricultural machinery .
- ↑ Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Ch. ed. B. A. Vvedensky, 2nd ed. T. 47. Tsuruoka - Sherbot. 1957. 672 pp., Ill. and cards; 73 l ill. and cards.
- ↑ Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov, 3rd ed. T. 12. Kvarner - Koigur. 1973. 624 p., Ill., 35 p. ill. and cards.
Literature
- Karatygin E.S. Agricultural implements and machines // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.