Gusev, Sergey Ivanovich (party leader)

Born January 1, 1874 in a Jewish family. The son of a teacher. He spent his childhood up to 5 years in the city of Borisoglebsk . Until 1884 he lived in the village of Nadezhdino (Kurakino) of the Serdobsky district of the Samara province.

In 1884-1886 he lived in Serdobsk . In 1887 he moved to Rostov-on-Don , where he entered the 3rd grade of a real school , which he graduated in 1892. In 1893, he tried to enter the Petersburg Technological Institute , but was not accepted. He lived in Odessa, Rostov. In 1896 he entered the Petersburg Technological Institute.

He joined the Union for the Emancipation of the Working Class . After participating in a student demonstration on March 4, 1897 he was arrested on March 21, during a search he found social democratic brochures. After that, in 1899, Gusev was expelled to Orenburg , and then to Rostov-on-Don under the public supervision of the police.

From 1900 to 1903 he was an employee in the Priazovsk Territory and Don Speech , worked in the Don Party Committee of the RSDLP , which he headed for some time ^[2] . In 1900-1901 he traveled to Brussels for 8 months. He participated in the leadership of the Rostov strike of 1902. Hiding, he was forced to go abroad to Geneva. I already learned there that the Rostovites elected him a delegate from the Don Committee to the Second Party Congress.

A participant in the II Congress of the RSDLP , in his spare time from the evenings, in the evenings S. I. Gusev sang arias from operas and romances with magnificent baritone ^[3] . In the fall of 1903 he traveled around the southern Russian cities ( Kiev , Odessa , Nikolaev , Kharkov ) with reports on the congress. Then he went abroad, where he remained ( Geneva , Paris ) until November 1904 .

Member of the First Russian Revolution , from December 1904 to May 1905, secretary of the Petersburg Committee of the RSDLP and member of the Bureau of the majority committee. Then the secretary of the Odessa Committee of the RSDLP (b). When the rebel battleship “Prince Potemkin-Tauride” arrived in Odessa , wrote a letter to V. I. Lenin, in which he suggested taking advantage of the situation, seizing power in the city and creating the Provisional Revolutionary Government ^[4] . Since 1906, the organizer of the Bolshevik organization of the railway district of Moscow. In the spring of 1906 he traveled to Stockholm at the IV Congress of the RSDLP . In September 1906 he was arrested in Moscow. He spent 9 months in prison, and then was sent to the city of Beryozov, Tobolsk province. A year later he was transferred to Tobolsk , from where he fled in the spring of 1909.

During the summer and autumn of 1909, on behalf of the Central Committee, he traveled to southern cities (Kiev, Odessa, Nikolaev, Elisavetgrad, Ekaterinoslav, Kharkov), then worked for about 2 months in Odessa.

In 1910 he departed from party work. As Gusev himself wrote, “An acute nervous disease that began in Terioki and then intensified as a result of being illegal (without a passport, without an apartment, without earnings), incapacitated for many years and made it impossible to continue party work, which only resumed in 1917 ".

He worked as secretary, proofreader of the Military Encyclopedia , published by I. D. Sytin .

During the October Revolution of 1917, he headed the secretariat of the Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee . In February-March 1918, Secretary of the Revolutionary Defense Committee of Petrograd , then manager of the Northern Commune , the closest employee G.E. Zinoviev . September 12 - December 4, 1918 - member of the Revolutionary Military Council (PBC) of the 2nd Army , December 10, 1918 - June 15, 1919 - Eastern Front .

In June-December 1919, commander of the Moscow defense sector , military commissar of the Field Headquarters of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic . In June-December 1919 and in May 1921 - August 1923 a member of the RVSR. In July-December 1919, he was directly subordinate to the bodies of Soviet military intelligence .

Member of the PWS of the South-East (December 1919 - January 1920), after its reorganization - the Caucasus (January-August 1920), South-West (September-October 1920) and at the same time South ^[5] (September-December 1920) fronts.

From January 1921 to February 1922, he was the head of the Political Administration of the RVSR and at the same time the chairman of the Turkestan Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP (B.).

In February 1922 - April 1924 a member of the PBC Turkestan Front . In 1923-1925, a member of the board of the People’s Commissariat of the USSR Workers 'and Peasants' Inspection .

Gusev headed the Military-Historical Commission for the Study of the Experience of World and Civil Wars at the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR. In 1925-1926, head of the press department of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks . Since 1928, head of the Central European Secretariat of the Comintern . Since 1928, a candidate member of the Executive Committee of the Comintern ( ECCI ), in 1929-1933 a member of the Presidium of the ECCI.

The author of works on the history of the Civil War. He died after an illness in the Crimea. Buried in the Kremlin wall .

Wife - Feodosia Ilyinichna Drabkina (party pseudonyms Natasha, Marianna; nee Feiga Ilyinichna Kapelevich, 1883-1957), revolutionary, prototype of Natasha’s propaganda in M. Gorky ’s novel “ Mother ”. Daughter - Drabkina, Elizabeth Yakovlevna (1901-1974), a writer, childless, was repressed ^[6] .

• Red Army. To the anniversary of her education. 1919.
• The lessons of the civil war. 1920.
• Unified business plan. 1920.
• Reorganization of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army. Materials for the X Congress of the RCP. - M .: Military type. headquarters of the Red Army, 1921.
• Our differences in military affairs. // Red Star , 1925.
• Civil War and the Red Army. Sat military theory. and military-polit. Art. (1918-1924) (inaccessible link) - M .; L .: State Publishing House, 1925.
• Civil War and the Red Army. Sat articles. - M .: Military Publishing House , 1958.

• 2 Orders of the Red Banner (1920, decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of 11.25.1920 “ for the fact that, tirelessly leading the political education of the army of the Southern Front, he invested in the red fighters the revolutionary upsurge that contributed to our brilliant successes that led to the final defeat of Wrangel ”; 1924 " For leading the victorious struggle against Denikin, Wrangel and Petliura and for the skillful preparation for the elimination of banditry in Ukraine ").

• Encyclopedic Dictionary 1953
• Marxist historical reference (inaccessible link)
• Figures of the USSR and the revolutionary movement of Russia. Encyclopedic Dictionary Pomegranate . / Ed. Yu. Yu. Figatner . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1989. - ISBN 5-85370-028-2
• Abramov Alexey. At the Kremlin wall. - M .: Politizdat , 1988. - ISBN 5-250-00071-1