A well-known labiovellar approximant is a type of oral central consonant sound found in a number of languages of the world. This sound is co-articulated : when pronouncing it, the tongue approaches a soft palate , and the lips take a rounded shape, making the sound labialized . Thus, this sound is a labialized velar approximant [ɰ] ( [ɰʷ] ) and a half-vowel corresponding to the rounded vowel of the back row of the upper rise [u] .
| Voiced labiobel approximant | |
|---|---|
| w | |
Picture
| |
| MFA Number | 170 |
| Unicode (hex) | U + 77 |
| HTML (decimal) | & # 119; |
| X-SAMPA | w |
| Kirshenbaum | w |
| MFA Braille | |
| Other designations | u̯ |
In the International Phonetic Alphabet, the voiced labio-velar approximant is denoted by w , in the X-SAMPA system , by w .
Among the East Slavic languages it is present in Belarusian (denoted by the letter ў ), in Ukrainian (at the end of syllables and whole words, denoted as in ) and in dialects of Russian . In dialects of the Russian language, sound is noted both in North Russian (for example, in the Vologda dialect group ) and in South Russian dialects (for example, in the southwestern dialect zone ). The sound w in Old Russian was inherited from the Pre-Slavic and existed in all its dialects until the fall of the reduced .
Examples
| Tongue | Word | MFA | Value | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abkhazian | and aҩy | [owoˈɥy] | person | See the article “ Abkhazian language ” | |
| Arab | Standard [1] | وَرْد | [ward] | roses | |
| Kazakh | and a | [awa] | air | ||
| Catalan [2] | blau | [blaw] | blue ( m ) | ||
| Chinese | Northern dialects | 王 / w áng | [wɑŋ˧˥] | Prince king | |
| English [3] | w eep | [wiːp] | cry | See the article " English phonology " | |
| French [4] | ou i | [wi] | Yes | See the article “ French Phonology ” | |
| Hawaiian [5] | w iki w iki | [wikiwiki] | fast | May be implemented as [v] | |
| Ossetian | arzyn | [ˈWarzən] | be in love | ||
| Irish | v óta | [ˈWoːt̪ˠə] | vote | See the Irish article | |
| Italian [6] | u omo | [ˈWɔmo] | the man | See the Italian language article. | |
| Japanese | 私 / w atashi | [ɰ͡β̞ataɕi] | I | Pronounced with lip compression. See Japanese article | |
| Pusto | ﻭﺍﺭ | [wɑr] | one day | ||
| Polish [7] | ł aska | [ˈWaska] listen | forgiveness | See the Polish Alphabet article. | |
| Belorussian | per ў tra | [ˈZawtrɐ] | tomorrow | See the article “ Belarusian alphabet ” | |
| Portuguese [8] | ág u a | [ˈAɡwɐ] | water | ||
| Series language | c m iique | [ˈKw̃ĩːkːɛ] | person | Allophone phonemes / m / | |
| Spanish [9] | c u anto | [ˈKwãn̪t̪o̞] | how much | See the article “ Spanish Phonology ” | |
Notes
- ↑ Watson (2002 : 13)
- ↑ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992 : 55)
- ↑ Guidelines for Transcription of English Consonants and Vowels , p. 5 , < http://www.u.arizona.edu/~ohalad/Phonetics/docs/TransGuid.PDF >
- ↑ Fougeron & Smith (1993 : 75)
- ↑ Pukui & Elbert (1986 : xvii)
- ↑ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004 : 117)
- ↑ Jassem (2003 : 103)
- ↑ Barbosa & Albano (2004 : 230)
- ↑ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003 : 256)
Literature
- Barbosa, Plínio A .; Albano, Eleonora C. Brazilian Portuguese (English) // Journal of the International Phonetic Association : journal. - 2004. - Vol. 34 , no. 2 . - P. 227-232 . - DOI : 10.1017 / S0025100304001756 .
- Carbonell, Joan F .; Llisterri, Joaquim. Catalan (Eng.) // Journal of the International Phonetic Association : journal. - 1992. - Vol. 22 , no. 1-2 . - P. 53-56 . - DOI : 10.1017 / S0025100300004618 .
- Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L. French (English) // Journal of the International Phonetic Association : journal. - 1993. - Vol. 23 , no. 2 . - P. 73-76 . - DOI : 10.1017 / S0025100300004874 .
- Greenberg, Mark L. A Short Reference Grammar of Standard Slovene . - Kansas: University of Kansas, 2006.
- Jassem, Wiktor. Polish (Eng.) // Journal of the International Phonetic Association : journal. - 2003. - Vol. 33 , no. 1 . - P. 103-107 . - DOI : 10.1017 / S0025100303001191 .
- Landau, Ernestina. Croatian // Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet / Ernestina Landau, Mijo Lončarić, Damir Horga ... [and others. ] . - Cambridge University Press, 1999. - P. 66–69. - ISBN 0-521-65236-7 .
- Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma .; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina. Castilian Spanish (English) // Journal of the International Phonetic Association : journal. - 2003. - Vol. 33 , no. 2 . - P. 255—259 . - DOI : 10.1017 / S0025100303001373 .
- Ohala, John. Story of [w]: An exercise in the phonetic explanation for sound patterns // Berkeley Linguistics Society annual meeting 3 proceedings / John Ohala, James Lorentz. - 1977. - P. 577-599.
- Pukui, Mary Kawena. Hawaiian Dictionary / Mary Kawena Pukui, Samuel H. Elbert. - Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 1986. - ISBN 0-8248-0703-0 .
- Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana. Italian (Eng.) // Journal of the International Phonetic Association : journal. - 2004. - Vol. 34 , no. 1 . - P. 117-121 . - DOI : 10.1017 / S0025100304001628 .
- Šuštaršič, Rastislav. Slovene // Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet / Rastislav Šuštaršič, Smiljana Komar, Bojan Petek. - Cambridge University Press, 1999. - P. 135–139. - ISBN 0-521-65236-7 . - DOI : 10.1017 / S0025100300004874 .
- Thompson, Laurence. Saigon phonemics (neopr.) // Language. - 1959. - T. 35 , No. 3 . - S. 454—476 . - DOI : 10.2307 / 411232 .
- Watson, Janet. The Phonology and Morphology of Arabic. - Oxford University Press, 2002.