Sukhinichi is a city (since 1840 [4] ) in Russia, the administrative center of the Sukhinichi district of the Kaluga region . A junction of railway lines (to Bryansk , Moscow , Roslavl , Tula ), two large railway stations: Sukhinichi-Glavnye and Sukhinichi-Uzlovye .
| Village | |||||
| Sukhinichi | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Smolensk church in Sukhinichi | |||||
| |||||
| A country |  Russia | ||||
| Subject of the federation | Kaluga region | ||||
| Municipal District | Sukhinichi | ||||
| Urban settlement | City Sukhinichi | ||||
| Head of Settlement | Kulabukhova Tatyana Yuryevna [1] | ||||
| History and Geography | |||||
| Based | XIV | ||||
| First mention | 1444 | ||||
| Village with | 1840 | ||||
| Square | MO - 12.52 [2] km² | ||||
| Center height | 200 m | ||||
| Timezone | UTC + 3 | ||||
| Population | |||||
| Population | ↘ 14 901 [3] people ( 2018 ) | ||||
| Katoykonim | Sukhinichane, Sukhinichin, Sukhinichanka | ||||
| Digital identifiers | |||||
| Telephone code | +7 48451 | ||||
| Postcode | 249275 | ||||
| OKATO Code | 29236501 | ||||
| OKTMO Code | |||||
| info-suhinichi.ru | |||||
The city of Sukhinichi with the status of an urban settlement forms the same municipality as the only settlement in its composition [5] .
Geography
It is located in the Kaluga region, on the left bank of the Bryn River, 5 km from the M3 Moscow - Kiev highway, 105 km southwest of Kaluga .
History
The metrics of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lithuanian METRICA, Book 3, 1440-1498) mention Sukhinichi. The record was made around the 1440s.
Mezetskim Prince (s) Zem, Prince (s) Zyu Fyodor, Prince (s) Zyu Roman, Prince (s) Zyu Ivashka their fatherland, who their father kept, Prince (s) Andrey , and Prince (I) Dmitry Shto they served at Vytautas - Mesochosk , Oren, Sulkovichi, Sukhinichi , Dubrovna and Kogabrin, Ogdyrev, Oleshna, Ust, Labodin, Zhabyn, Ruka, Nemerzka, Koter - all of them should listen to the volost, or even three of them. And all the pan.
This city was founded at the end of the 18th century, but it was never an administrative center, it never had the status of a county town and is one of the very few Russian cities that lined up themselves, thanks to the development of economic life, and were not built for military or administrative purposes .
Even before turning to the city (1840), the village of Sukhinichi served as an important transshipment point for goods such as lard, hemp, hemp oil, and others, traveling through it to the marinas of the Volga and the Western Dvina. Trade was at that time one of the characteristic features of this item. From winter to winter alone, from six to ten thousand loaded carts passed through it, and the turnover of this trade amounted to neither less nor more than 25 million rubles. As a rule, the goods were sent to Zubtsovskaya and Rzhevskaya marinas, and from there to the ports of Riga and St. Petersburg.
Active economic development in the region began in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, when the city of Sukhinichi began to acquire important commercial importance. During this period, all the main preserved monuments of architecture and urban planning were built. Famous archeological monuments belong to the first half of the first millennium of a new era - these are mounds, ancient settlements, settlements.
After the two railways passed through Sukhinichi (the Moscow-Bryansk-Moscow-Kiev-Voronezh branches and the Dankov-Smolensk Ryazan-Ural branches), the city's welfare, trade and industry received an additional impetus for development. Thus, being connected with the nearest and more remote settlements, this town attracted more and more people, although it did not have the status of a county. Even in the first years after the October Revolution in Sukhinichi on Saturdays and Sundays, as a rule, there were large bazaars, and twice a year fairs, which were popular not only with nearby, but also quite remote settlements.
The means of delivery of products and various products were, of course, carts of various designs, and in the days of the bazaars throughout the middle part of the town stuck up shafts from carts bringing various goods for sale.
Significant adjustments to the development of not only the city of Sukhinichi, but also of the whole country, were made by the events of 1917. In the 20-30s. Changes occurred in all areas of activity, culture and religion of the city residents. In 1914-1920, according to the project of the architect N. G. Martyanov , the Old Believer Church of the Icon of the Mother of God (now ruined) was built in Sukhinichi [6] .
In 1927, the city became the center of the newly formed Sukhinichi district of Kaluga province .
In 1929, the city became the center of the Sukhinichi district and Sukhinichi district of the Western region .
In 1930, the Sukhinichi District was abolished, and in 1937 - the Western Region; the city was part of the Smolensk region .
During World War II, it was occupied from October 7, 1941 to January 29, 1942 . January 29 is annually celebrated the day of liberation of the city.
Since 1944, the city is part of the Kaluga region .
In 1989, a branch of the Moskvich production association was built on its eastern outskirts, where it was planned in 1993 to release an experimental batch of the new Moskvich. And although the plant did not work, a new microdistrict Avtozavod appeared in Sukhinichi.
December 23, 2006 in Sukhinichi a monument was erected to K. K. Rokossovsky , who commanded the 16th Army to liberate the city.
Climate
The climate is temperate continental.
| Climate of Sukhinichy (data for the period since 1960) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicator | Jan | Feb | March | Apr | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Absolute maximum, ° C | 7.6 | 8.1 | 17.8 | 28.6 | 30.7 | 32,3 | 37,2 | 37.8 | 28.5 | 24.9 | 14.8 | 8.4 | 37.8 |
| Average maximum, ° C | −5.6 | −4.8 | 1,1 | 10.7 | 18.3 | 21,4 | 23.3 | 21.8 | 15.9 | 8.8 | 1,1 | −3.4 | 9.3 |
| Average temperature, ° C | −8.4 | −8 | −2.5 | 6 | 12.9 | 16.3 | 18.1 | 16.5 | 11.1 | 5.2 | −1.2 | −5.9 | 5.2 |
| Average minimum ° C | −11.3 | −11.3 | −5.8 | 2 | 7.8 | 11,4 | 13,4 | 11.8 | 7 | 2.2 | −3.4 | −8.5 | 1,5 |
| Absolute minimum, ° C | −34.5 | −34 | −28.6 | −15.5 | −4.9 | 0.1 | 4,5 | 0 | −4.5 | −14.3 | −25.8 | −37.5 | −37.5 |
| Precipitation rate, mm | 35 | thirty | 31 | 38 | 52 | 74 | 81 | 72 | 56 | 56 | 47 | 42 | 614 |
| Source: Climatebase.ru | |||||||||||||
| The climate of the city of Sukhinichi (norm for the period 1981-2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicator | Jan | Feb | March | Apr | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average temperature, ° C | −6.8 | −7.2 | −1.7 | 6.4 | 12.9 | 16,4 | 18,4 | 16.7 | 11.2 | 5,4 | −1.4 | −5.7 | 5,4 |
| Precipitation rate, mm | 41 | 35 | 33 | 36 | 57 | 75 | 78 | 71 | 58 | 59 | 48 | 44 | 635 |
| Source: FSBI VNIIGMI-WDC | |||||||||||||
Population
| Population | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1857 [7] | 1859 [8] | 1868 [9] | 1897 [10] | 1913 [11] | 1920 [12] | 1926 [13] | 1931 [14] | 1939 [15] | 1959 [16] |
| 6752 | ↘ 6393 | ↗ 6497 | ↘ 5447 | ↗ 6817 | ↘ 6466 | ↗ 7357 | ↘ 7126 | ↗ 10 820 | ↗ 12 717 |
| 1970 [17] | 1979 [18] | 1989 [19] | 1992 [20] | 1996 [20] | 1998 [20] | 2000 [20] | 2001 [20] | 2002 [21] | 2003 [20] |
| ↗ 16 536 | ↘ 16 434 | ↗ 17 762 | ↗ 18 300 | ↗ 18 500 | ↘ 18 400 | ↘ 18 300 | ↘ 18 100 | ↘ 16 387 | ↗ 16,400 |
| 2005 [20] | 2006 [20] | 2007 [20] | 2008 [20] | 2009 [22] | 2010 [23] | 2011 [20] | 2012 [24] | 2013 [25] | 2014 [26] |
| ↘ 16,200 | ↘ 16,000 | ↘ 15 900 | ↘ 15 800 | ↘ 15 643 | ↗ 16 273 | ↗ 16 300 | ↘ 16 031 | ↘ 15 851 | ↘ 15 602 |
| 2015 [27] | 2016 [28] | 2017 [29] | 2018 [3] | ||||||
| ↘ 15 424 | ↘ 15 144 | ↘ 15 111 | ↘ 14 901 | ||||||
As of January 1, 2019, the city was in 796th place out of 1,115 [30] cities of the Russian Federation in terms of population [31] .
Local government
- Heads of urban settlement
- Kulabukhova Tatyana Yuryevna [1]
- Heads of settlement administration
- Golikov Andrey Ivanovich
Education
There are 5 comprehensive schools in the city (Schools No. 1, 2, 3, 4, 12).
In addition, in the city of Sukhinichi there is a professional lyceum PL-17 (now GOU "College of Transport and Service"), in which you can get a secondary professional education.
Economics
- Furniture manufacturing
- Sewing industry
- Plastic Factory
- Railway enterprises
- Drying and dairy plants
- Compound feed production
Monuments
- Memorial complex “Victory Square”
- Monument to the soldiers who died in Afghanistan
- Stela "The village of military valor"
- Monument to V.I. Lenin
- Bust K.K. Rokossovsky
- Monument to the 10th cannon artillery brigade
- A bust to K. M. Kalinin in the territory of the Sukhinichi district hospital
Famous Natives and Citizens
- Klyuev, Anatoly Nikolaevich (1923-2001) - Soviet military leader, colonel general.
- Perch, Lev Borisovich (1929–2015) - Soviet and Russian physicist, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991; academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1990).
- Osipenko, Efim Ilyich - the first holder of the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" I degree.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Official site of the Sukhinichi district. Municipalities
- ↑ Kaluga region. The total land area of the municipality
- ↑ 1 2 Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2018 . Date of treatment July 25, 2018. Archived July 26, 2018.
- ↑ USSR. Administrative and territorial division of the Union republics on January 1, 1980 / Comp. V.A. Dudarev, N.A. Evseeva. - M .: Izvestia, 1980 .-- 702 p. - S. 135.
- ↑ Law of the Kaluga Region dated November 01, 2004 N 369-OZ “On Establishing the Borders of Municipalities Located on the Territory of Administrative Territorial Units“ Duminichsky District ”,“ Kirovsky District ”,“ Medynsky District ”,“ Peremyshlsky District ”,“ Sukhinichsky District “,“ Tarusa district “,“ Yukhnovsky district “, and giving them the status of urban settlement, rural settlement, municipal district”
- ↑ Church of the Icon of the Mother of God of Kazan in Sukhinichi . Temples of Russia. Date of treatment December 9, 2015.
- ↑ Materials for geography and statistics of Russia, collected by officers of the General Staff. Kaluga province / comp. M. Poprotsky. - SPb. : Type of. E. Weimar, 1864 .-- 563 p.
- ↑ Kaluga province ... according to 1859 / Ed. N. Stieglitz. - SPb. : ed. Centre. stat. com Min ext. affairs, 1863. - (Lists of the populated areas of the Russian Empire, compiled and published by the Central Statistical Committee of the Ministry of the Interior; 1861-1885).
- ↑ Memorial book and address-calendar of the Kaluga province for 1869 . - Kaluga: Kaluga. lips. stat. com., 1869. - 273 p.
- ↑ Populated areas of the Russian Empire of 500 or more inhabitants, indicating the total population in them and the number of inhabitants of the predominant faiths, according to the first general census of 1897 / foreword: N. Troitsky. - SPb. : printing house “Public benefit”, 1905. - S. 75−78.
- ↑ List of populated areas of the Kaluga province / Ed. F.F. Kadobnov. - Kaluga: Kaluga. lips. stat. com., 1914.
- ↑ Preliminary results of the 1920 All-Russian Population Census in the Kaluga province / Foreword by the head of the demography department Gubstatbyuro F. Kadobnov. - Kaluga: State publishing house. Kaluga branch, 1921 .-- 19 p.
- ↑ The administrative-territorial division of the USSR and a list of the most important settlements with a chronological list of decisions on changing the borders of provinces, regions and republics . - Ed. 8th. - M .: Publishing house Nar. Commissariat of Internal Affairs, 1929. - 320 p.
- ↑ Administrative territorial division of the USSR (as of January 1, 1931). I. RSFSR . Date of treatment August 19, 2013. Archived on August 19, 2013.
- ↑ 1939 All-Union Population Census. The number of urban population of the USSR by urban settlements and intracity areas . Date of treatment November 30, 2013. Archived November 30, 2013.
- ↑ 1959 All-Union Census. The number of urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender . Demoscope Weekly. Date of treatment September 25, 2013. Archived on April 28, 2013.
- ↑ 1970 All-Union Population Census. The number of urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender. . Demoscope Weekly. Date of treatment September 25, 2013. Archived on April 28, 2013.
- ↑ 1979 All-Union Population Census. The number of urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender. . Demoscope Weekly. Date of treatment September 25, 2013. Archived on April 28, 2013.
- ↑ 1989 All-Union Population Census. The urban population . Archived on August 22, 2011.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 People’s encyclopedia of cities and regions of Russia. Sukhinichi . Date of treatment October 7, 2013. Archived on October 7, 2013.
- ↑ 2002 All-Russian Population Census. Tom. 1, table 4. The population of Russia, federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, regions, urban settlements, rural settlements - district centers and rural settlements with a population of 3 thousand or more . Archived February 3, 2012.
- ↑ The number of permanent population of the Russian Federation by cities, urban-type settlements and regions as of January 1, 2009 . Date of treatment January 2, 2014. Archived January 2, 2014.
- ↑ 2010 All-Russian Population Census. The number and distribution of the population of the Kaluga region (volume 1) . Date of treatment January 30, 2014. Archived on January 30, 2014.
- ↑ Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities. Table 35. Estimated resident population as of January 1, 2012 . Date of treatment May 31, 2014. Archived May 31, 2014.
- ↑ The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2013. - M.: Federal State Statistics Service of Rosstat, 2013. - 528 p. (Table 33. The population of urban districts, municipalities, urban and rural settlements, urban settlements, rural settlements) . Date of treatment November 16, 2013. Archived November 16, 2013.
- ↑ Table 33. The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2014 . Date of treatment August 2, 2014. Archived on August 2, 2014.
- ↑ The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2015 . Date of treatment August 6, 2015. Archived on August 6, 2015.
- ↑ Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2016
- ↑ The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2017 (July 31, 2017). Date of treatment July 31, 2017. Archived July 31, 2017.
- ↑ taking into account the cities of Crimea
- ↑ The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2019. Table "21. The population of cities and towns by federal districts and constituent entities of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2019 ” (RAR archive (1,0 Mb)). Federal State Statistics Service .
Literature
- Sukhinichi // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb., 1890-1907.
- Geography of Russia: Encyclopedic Dictionary / Ch. ed. A.P. Gorkin. - M., 1998 .-- 800 s.