Hares ( ancient Greek Χάρης ; also referred to as Haret ) - Athenian commander of the 4th century BC. e., the commander of the mercenary units .
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Biography
First military campaigns
Hares was first mentioned in 366 BC. Oe., when in the position of Athens strategist, he successfully fought on the side of Fliunt , cramped by the Arkadyans, Argoses and Sikonians . Later he participated in the hostilities against Orop , but without any success.
In 361 BC. er Hares took part in the struggle between democrats and oligarchs in Corfu .
In 358 BC. er Hares was sent to command the Athenian troops in Chersonese Thracian against King Odris Kseseblept , who seized the Greek cities of the peninsula, and next year ended this war with victory, settling the conquered lands of Athenian cleruches . One of the results of the war between Athens and the Thracians was the disintegration of the Odriss kingdom into three parts.
Participation in the Allied War
In the same year, he and Habrym were directed against Chios . In a battle at the harbor of Chios, Habrii fell, and the Athenians were forced to retreat. Together with the ships of Timothy and Iphicrates that came to his aid, Hares again came out against Chios. In the battle at Embat, in view of the coming storm, Timothy and Iphicrates refused to start the battle. Hares spoke out against enemies without support, was defeated, and later accused both commanders of treason.
Hares was appointed commander-in-chief of the Athenian fleet, but, having no money to continue military operations, he supported the Persian satrap Artabaz , who had risen against his king. Got Lampsak from him. Successful actions of Chares led to the fact that the Persian king Artaxerxes III Okh presented Athens an ultimatum, threatening to send three hundred ships to help the enemies of Athens. This ultimatum led to the fact that Athens was forced to recognize the independence of its allies in 355 BC. er
In 353 BC. er Hares again spoke out against Sest on the Thracian Chersonesos, who, along with Cardia, refused to obey Athens. Capturing the city, Hares ordered to kill all the men, and to sell women and children into slavery.
Participation in the war with Macedonia
During the war Olinf with Macedonia (349 BC. E.) Hares with an army of mercenaries was sent to help the Union of Chalcis , but did not achieve any success and transferred the command of Haridem . He again received command in 348 BC. e., but again in battles with the Macedonian troops had only a small success and was soon removed from command.
In 340 BC. er Hares commanded the Athenian troops sent to the aid of Byzantium , besieged by Philip II , but because of his reputation was not admitted by the Byzantines to their city. Instead, Hares roamed the sea with the fleet, collecting tribute from the Athenian allies, and the Byzantines warmly received the commander of Phocion sent after him.
In 338 BC. er Hares, along with the Theban warlord Proxen, was utterly defeated by Philip at Amfissa . In the same year he, together with Lysicles, commanded the Athenians at the Battle of Herone . In the year 335, Alexander the Great demanded that the Athenians extradite some leaders of the anti-Macedonian party, including Hares. However, Hares, thanks to the intercession of Demada, managed to escape this fate and fled to Segey , where in 333 BC. er I personally met Alexander, handing him a golden wreath.
During the Persian-Macedonian war in the Aegean Sea , Hares entered the service of the Persians and took command of the Mytilene garrison in Lesbos . He did not show any special resistance, having surrendered the city to the Macedonians. Soon he died in Sygea, where he reigned as a tyrant.
Hares Personality
According to contemporaries, Hares was a brave warlord, but he was also credited with greed, greed, injustice, the pursuit of luxury. However, he was generous to the people, he did not shy away from bribes as well, which attracted the Athenians. However, Demosthenes, in his speeches, called these reproaches not all fair. In general, it can be said that Hares was a typical representative of commanders of mercenary troops, weakly connected with the state and more concerned about profit than the notions of honor and belonging to his policy.
Literature
- Marinovich L.P. “Greek Mercenary of the 4th c. BC er and the crisis of the policy ", M .: Science., 1975. - 277 p.
- Pridik A. M. Hares, commander // Encyclopedic dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extra). - SPb. , 1890-1907.