Peter Christian Schwanebach ( him. Schwanebach ; 1848 , St. Petersburg - 1908 , Magdeburg , Germany ) - a major official, statesman of the Russian Empire . Privy Counselor (from February 8, 1896 ), correcting the position of chief commander of land management and agriculture (May 31, 1905 - October 26, 1905 ), member of the State Council (from October 26, 1905), State Comptroller (April 24, 1906 - June 13, 1907 ) [1 ] .
Peter Khristianovich Schwaneb | |||||||
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Peter Schwanebach, State Controller of Russia | |||||||
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Predecessor | Dmitry Filosofov | ||||||
Successor | Peter Kharitonov | ||||||
Birth | |||||||
Death | |||||||
Education |
Content
Biography
Born in St. Petersburg on January 21, 1848 - the grandson of Anton Schwanebach, an Austrian who entered the Russian service, and the son of Christian Antonovich Schwanebach], official for special assignments under Prince P. Oldenburg [2] . Also, Peter Schwaneb is a cousin of General Friedrich Schwanebach .
After graduating from the School of Jurisprudence in 1867, Peter Schwaneb for two years additionally attended courses in law and political science at the University of Leipzig and Paris . He began his service at the Ministry of Justice , but was soon transferred to the Ministry of Finance , where in 1883–88 held the position of vice-director of the Special Office for the Credit Division [2] . A year later, Peter Schwaneb participated in the drafting of a new credit charter .
In addition, during the years of service, he did not stop his scientific and popularizing activities in the field of management and economics . Peter Schwaneb is the author of a number of articles on financial issues that were published in the early 1900s in the pages of the journal “ European Herald ”. In particular, he owns the articles " Monetary transformation and the national economy " and " Our tax-deed business " [3] , in which he carefully analyzed the difference between the modern Russian economy and Western countries and the USA .
“However, it’s not the weak wheat consumption that distinguishes Russia from America , but that the United States is able to manage its export, is able to subjugate other markets and actively influence price formation , while we not only passively obey all unfavorable trends for us , but downright we exacerbate the oppression of these trends by the nature of our vacation. ”
- Peter Schwaneb Monetary transformation and national economy
From May 1891, Peter Hristianovich Schwaneb was appointed as a friend of the Governor of the State Bank , two years later, due to a disagreement with S. Yu. Witte on the issue of introducing gold currency, he accepted the position of councilor of the minister of finance . At the same time, he was appointed as a chamberlain at the court of Grand Duchess Catherine Mikhailovna , after whose death he continued to manage the great property of her sons, the dukes of Mecklenburg, and her daughter, the Princess of Altenburg. In 1896, he was appointed an honorary guardian and was in charge of the Eleninsky Women's Institute (Clinical Institute of Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna) [4] .
In December 1903, Peter Schwanebach received a new appointment: he was moved to the post of Deputy Minister of Agriculture and State Property [2] . And on May 6, 1905, he was entrusted with the management of this ministry, which in the same month was transformed into the General Directorate of Land Management and Agriculture ; from May 31, 1905, Schwanebach - correcting the position of the Chief Commander of this department. However, he did not spend much time in the new post: by the Highest Decree of October 26, 1905, he was appointed a member of the State Council .
While forming the first unified government, S. Yu. Witte Schwanebach lost his post, but in the next office, I. L. Goremykin , was appointed State Controller of the Russian Empire. After leaving this post in the summer of 1907, he actively participated in the group of right-wing figures of the State Council [2] , but soon fell ill and, on the recommendation of the doctors, went to Germany for treatment and died on September 15, 1908 in Magdeburg [5] .
He was awarded a number of top awards of the Russian Empire, including the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky .
Among the writings of P.H. Schwanebah - “On the Representation of the People”, published posthumously by Professor DI Pikhno (Kiev: Kiyevlyanin, 1909. - 114 p.) [6] . Schwanebach believed that the representation of the people is fully compatible with the unlimited monarchy, if the representatives do not turn into professional politicians, but represent only the opinions of their voters. Popular representation should be held in short meetings only for the legislative solution of the most important problems. He believed that building a state system is necessary only from the traditional way of the people and its historical features; he wrote:
... in politics, in the matter of state discretion, it is impossible with impunity to transfer that belief in the salvation of a certain dogma to which a person obeys in the field of religion. Politics is a matter of experience, not only allowing, but requiring constant verification of critical reasoning based on real facts, and not the dictates of theory. That booked credo, which is impenetrable for dissenting dissent, is reduced in politics to a few fundamental positions - to ensure the homeland of unity, power and dignity; its citizens - spiritual, moral and material welfare. Ways to achieve this higher goal are different, depending on the time and the historical fate of the people.
Family
Wife: Maria Andreevna, nee von Behrens (1854-1945).
Daughter: Elizaveta Petrovna (1875, St. Petersburg - 1958, Dettingen) - in 1901 she married FV Schlippe .
Lived on Zagorodny Avenue in St. Petersburg, near the Five Corners [4] .
See also
- List of members of the State Council of the Russian Empire
- List of State Controllers of the Russian Empire
- List of Ministers of Agriculture of Russia
Sources
- ↑ Great Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 tons.] / Ch. ed. Yu. S. Osipov . - M .: The Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2004—2017.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 The team of authors of SPSU, ed. Acad. Fursenko . Administrative elite of the Russian Empire (1802-1917). - S-Petersburg .: Faces of Russia , 2008. - p. 375.
- ↑ Schwaneb, Peter Khristianovich // Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extra). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ 1 2 Shlippe F.V. Autobiographical notes
- ↑ Obituary P. Kh. Schwanebach // Historical Gazette . - 1908, October. - T. 114. - p. 379.
- Ш Schwaneb did not manage to finish his work due to his death, and compared only the history of the national representation in France and in Germany.
Links
- Schwaneb Peter Khristianovich on the site "Chronos"