Shakya ( Sanskrit : Śākya IAST and Pali : Sākiya IAST , the Scythian warlike tribes were called Sakis in Asia. Shakya is a royal family in the Iron Age in India . [1] According to Buddhist texts it is known that it was a Kshatriya family. [2] Shakya formed an independent kingdom in the foothills of the Himalayas with the capital in the city of Kapilavastu , which is located on the territory of modern Nepal.
The most famous of the Shakya clan was Buddha Shakyamuni ( Gautama Buddha ) [3] , a member of the Gautama clan ( Pali : Gotama), who became known as Shakyamuni ( Pali : Sākiyamuni IAST ), "a sage from the Shakya clan".
Content
History
According to Buddhist texts
Shakya are indicated (in connection with the birth of the future Gautama Buddha around VI century BC ) as part of the Adchich clan (“ solar clan ”) and as descendants of the legendary king Ikshvaku .
Once lived king Shakya IAST , one of the solar family, his name was Suddhodana . He was pure in behavior and loved by shakyas, like an autumn moon. He had a magnificent, beautiful, gracious wife, named Great Maya , named so for her resemblance to the goddess Maya. - Buddhacharita Ashwaghosh ( Sansk. Aśvaghoṣa), I.1-2 |
Annexation of Koshaly
Viḍūḍabha IAST , son of Pasenadi and Vasavakhatttya IAST , daughter of Śākya IAST Mahanama IAST slaves, ascended the throne of Koshal , overthrowing his father. Wanting to avenge Shakyam for his father, who married the daughter of a slave, Vidudabha invaded Śākya IAST land, defeated and captured them. [4] [5]
The Shakya mythical family tree according to the Blue Chronicle [6]
According to the Blue Chakya Chronicle, they asked the Buddha about the origin of shakya. Buddha did not answer so that his speech would not be considered self-glorification, but asked Maudgalyayan to tell the story of Shakya. Maudgalyayana went into a trance and saw the whole history of Shakya, which he told:
At the time of the completion of the previous kalpa, the living entities were reborn as Gods of limited radiance (Tib. Od chung).
- Mahasammata (Manpo Kurva) was the first king. Under him, people became “animated” (sattva). His son:
- Rocha . People began to be called "comers" (agachcha). His son:
- Hookah . People were called “tainted” (attached). His son:
- Varacalyana . People began to be called "cloud cover" (meghagriva). His son:
- Upahodhi (Sojongrag). People began to be called "palm-footed" (talajangha). From his head was born:
- Mandhatri (Nalennu). People became known as “born of the mind” (manava).
Human life in this era lasted 10 to 30 years (i.e. 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000).
From the hip Mandhatri was born:
- Chara (Chakravatin Zepa). Rules 4 continents . From his hip was born:
- Upacharu (Chakravatin Nyedze). Rules 3 continents . From his right leg was born:
- Charumant (Chakravatin Zeden). Rules 2 continents From his left foot was born:
- Upacharumant . Rules 1 continent .
They were all giants.
Son of Upacharumant :
- Bhadra (Sanpo). His descendants:
- 30 kings. From the last:
- Samantaprabha (Künne Vösär). His descendants:
- 100 kings in the country of Potala (dujin, often Patala ) (Do not confuse with Potala ). The last one is Shatrajit (Dadul or Arimadama):
- 54,000 kings in the country of Ayodhya (Maggi Matsugpa). The Last Vijaya (Gyalwale Gyalwa):
- 63,000 kings in the kingdom of Varanas . Last Dushyanta (Soka):
- 84,000 kings in Kapilavastu . The Last Brahmadatta (Zanchin):
- 32,000 kings in Hastinapur . The Last Nagadatta (Lanpechin):
- 5,000 kings in Takshashil . Last Romaputrin (Balpuchen):
- 32,000 kings in Urash . Last Nagnadzhit (Tsenpo-chedul):
- 32,000 kings in Ajita . Last Kaushika (Gyachin):
- 32,000 kings in Kankubja . The Last Jayasena (Gyalde):
- 18,000 kings in Champa . The Last Nagadeva (Lu-lha):
- 25 00 kings in Talamala / Talahara (Taleten). The Last Naradeva (Mii-lha):
- 12,000 kings in Ramali . Last Samudradeva (Gyatse-lha):
- 18,000 kings in Dantapur . Last Sumati (Loda Sanpo):
- 25 kings in Rajagirih . Last Marichi (Munsel):
- 20,000 kings in Varanas . Last Maheshwarasen (Vanchug Chenpoi de):
- 84,000 kings in Kushinagar . Last Samudrasena (Gyatse-de):
- 1,000 kings in Patal . Last Tapascara (Katubcho):
- 84,000 kings in Kushinagar . The Last Dharanimukha (Sadon):
- 100,000 kings in Varanasi . The Last Mihadeva (Lha Chenpo):
- 84,000 kings in Mithila . The Last Nemi (Nimi, Muju):
- 49 kings . The Last Radhasara (Shinta Sava):
- 77,000 kings in Samantaloka (Kunnan). The Last Gnapati (Namhae Dagpo), his son
- Nagapala (Lucion), his descendants:
- 100 kings in Varanasi . The last Krikin , he practiced in the presence of Kashyapa and was reborn in the sky of Tushit . His son:
- Sujata (Lagkier), in his line:
- 100 kings in Patala . The last Karnika (Navachen), he had two sons:
Bharadwaja and Gautama .
Gautama from an early age strove for monastic life. He received paternal permission and was ordained a monk by the sage Asita (Dog Nakpo). It was hard for Gautama to live in the forest, and he asked Asita's permission to settle on the edge of the village.
Mrinal (Padme Tsalag) lived nearby, he presented the courtesan Bhadri (Sanmo) clothes and jewelry, counting on closeness with her. But another man paid her 500 pan , and she got in touch with him, and sent a maid to Mrinal, asking him not to come now. And when the man left, she sent a maid to tell Mrinala to come. Mrinala said: "That you say that you do not have time, that - that you have time!" The maid, who did not like the mistress, told Mrinale that Bhadri had accepted his gifts, but had given herself to another man and was now free. The furious Mrinal ordered to call Bhadri into the garden. He blamed her, and without listening to excuses, killed him with a sword. The maid screamed, people ran into the garden. Mrinala got scared and ran, and threw his sword at Gautama's hut.
People began to shout at Gautama, and he denied their accusations. Then he was taken to the local king, but he did not understand and ordered to put Gautama on a stake. Asita came to visit Gautama, but found him seated, although still alive. Gautama admitted to the sage that he did not kill, and in confirmation of his words his skin turned golden. Asita said that according to the teachings of the Brahmins , offspring is necessary for a good rebirth, and Gautama has been a monk all his life, and now he is dying at stake. Asita caused rain and wind, which cooled Gautama's body and spilled two drops of seed with blood. They miraculously turned into two eggs and were heated by the sun, and children hatched from them. Asita found them and realized that they were two boys. He decided to educate them, they became known as Suryavamsha (Nymenen) - the sunny people. The name of Gautama became their clan name, they were also called Angirasa (from the body of Gautama) and Ikshvaku (from the reed).
Soon Bharadwaja died, and the advisers began to search for Gautama. They found Asita, and he told them the whole story of Gautama, gave them his sons, and they became kings.
- The first son of Gautama died quickly and his brother became king:
- Ikshvaku , the second of the twins, he ruled in Patal and in his family was:
- 100 kings , the last Ikshvaku Virudhaka (Pagpa Kyepo) he had 4 sons:
- Ulkamukha (Cardadon),
- Karakarnak (Lagaa),
- Hastiniyamsa (Lanposedul)
- Nupura (Candubchen).
Virudhaka was widowed, but really wanted to get married again, but he knew that no king would agree that his daughter’s son should not have the right to the throne. But one king agreed to give his daughter Virudhaka if he promised that her son would receive the throne bypassing the brothers. Virudhaka married, thinking that they were unlikely to have a baby, much less a son. But the son was born, and as a sign of the promise of the throne, he was called Rajyananda (Gyalsi-ha). His mother's brother demanded the fulfillment of the oath and threatened war. The ministers of Virudhaka decided that it was better for the elder sons to be expelled than to fight with a formidable neighbor. They deceived the brothers, and they violated the royal order (they played the instruments in the wrong place). Virudhaka decided to expel them, allowing him to take the whole retinue with him. Almost the entire population of the city left with them. The brothers went to the foothills of the Himalayas to the Bhashratha River and settled not far from the sage Kapila (Serkya). They became friends with the sage, but ascetic life depressed them extremely. And the sage said that if the line of ksatriyas is near the end, then they can marry their cousins. They had many children.
Kapile was tired of the noise made by the children, and he decided to look for another place for asceticism, but the brothers said that they would rather leave than he. Then the sage with water from a golden sacrificial vessel outlined the foundation of the city of Kapilavastu ( Founded by Kapila , Sergyesi). Soon their family became crowded there and they received a vision that they needed to move and found the city of Devadha . And they swore that they would be content with one wife, equal in position, and not act like Virudhaka.
Virudhaka learned from the advisers about all the adventures of his sons, and although he was angry when he learned of their marriage to cousins, he said that they were brave shakya . Virudhaka died and succeeded him:
- Rajyananda (Gyalsi-ha), but he died without sons. His cousins succeeded him:
- Ulkamukha ,
- Karakarnak
- Hastiniyamsa
- Nupura , then his son:
- Vasistha , his son:
- Guhi (Sakim), in his line:
- 55,000 kings in Kapilavastu. Among the last 12, Dasaratha (Shinta Chupa) is mentioned. The last Dhanuhsthira (Shuten), his sons:
- Simhanada (Sangeda)
- Simhahanu (Sengedam) - he was the best archer, and he had 4 sons:
- Shuddhodana (Setsan), his sons
- Siddhartha Gautama - Buddha , His Son
- Rahula
- Nanda
- Siddhartha Gautama - Buddha , His Son
- Shuklodana (Sakar), his sons
- Gina (Gyalwa),
- Rajabhadrika (Gyalpo Sanden)
- Dronadan (Tevose), his sons:
- Mahanaman and
- Anuruddha (Magagpa)
- Amritodana (Duizise) his sons:
- Ananda and
- Devadatta
- Shuddhodana (Setsan), his sons
And daughters:
- Shuddha (Tsanma), her son
- Suprabuddha (Lagpar-Rabsel).
- Shukla (Karmo), her son
- Malika (Tenwen)
- Drona (Tevoma), her son
- Sulabha (Sanlan)
- Amrita (Duizima), her son
- Vaishalya (Gampel).
- Shuddha (Tsanma), her son
On Rahul, the Mahasammati line came to an end. From him to Shuddhodana there were 1,121,514 kings.
This is not the only version. In ' Jig-rten bzhag-pa [7] (Lokaprajnapti) there were 155,149 kings, and in another place of the same work, 834,534 kings are mentioned.
See also
- Saki (tribes)
- Thit
Notes
- ↑ Kosambi DD (1988). The Culture and Civilization of Ancient India in Historical Outline , New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, ISBN 0-7069-4200-0 , p. 108
- ↑ Thapar, R. (1978). Ancient Indian Social History , New Delhi: Orient Longman, ISBN 81-250-0808-X , p. 117
- ↑ Shakya // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ Raychaudhuri H. (1972). Political History of Ancient India , Calcutta: University of Calcutta, pp. 178-8
- ↑ Kosambi DD (1988). The Culture and Civilsation of Ancient India in Historical Outline , New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, ISBN 0-7069-4200-0 , pp. 128-9
- ↑ The transliteration of names is given in “The Blue Chronicle: The History of Buddhism in Tibet, VI — XV centuries.” Goy-lotsava Shonnupel, Yuri Nikolaevich Roerich ; Eurasia, 2001; Total Pages: 767; 5807100921, 9785807100924 "
- ↑ 'Jig rten bzhag pa