Zemsky guard

Under the name of the Zemsky Guard or the Transcaucasian Zemsky Guard, there was a special security guard at the police institutions of Transcaucasia since 1862 . It was completed voluntarily, from persons not required by military service , employed by natives of the Transcaucasus and persons of Russian origin; it was entrusted with the performance of all duties of the guard and escort service .

For example, the Zemsky guard of the Sukhumi department consisted of: 10 officers and 160 horsemen ^[2] .

Also under this name were combined in 1866 various police teams that existed in the provinces of the Kingdom of Poland - city policemen , county gendarmes and the like.

All cities (except Warsaw and Lodz ), towns , villages and counties of the Privislinsky Territory were subject to zemstvo guards. Her higher management was concentrated in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and in the hands of the Warsaw Governor General (in terms of inspectorial and disciplinary). The zemsky guard of each province of the region was subordinate to the governor, who in relation to her was vested with the rights of the head of the local brigade . The nearest chief of the zemstvo guard within the county was the county governor (maintenance - 1,500 rubles ^[3] ), under whose leadership the zemstvo guard was directly commanded by his assistant for the police (maintenance - 1,000 rubles ^[4] ), also called the chief of the zemstvo guard . Zemsky guard consisted of officers and lower ranks; the latter were called guards and assigned to the service of governors from retired and spare lower ranks. The retired, who entered the zemstvo guard, kept the pension they received; spare, during the mobilization of the army, were not required to serve in their units. Local natives among the lower ranks of the zemstvo guard could not be more than one tenth. Each county of the Kingdom of Poland, in police terms, was divided into sections; in each section there was a team of one senior (a salary of 200 rubles ^[5] ) and several junior guards (a salary of 120 rubles and 40 rubles for uniforms ^[6] ), foot and horseback. For the provincial cities, as well as for the cities of Wloclawsk and Czestochowa , with their immediate surroundings, separate Zemstvo guard teams were established. The zemstvo guard had as its task the maintenance of order and general security and the execution of police orders, as well as the legal requirements of the city and commune authorities. The law stipulated that the ranks of the zemstvo guard, neither personally nor on their official activities, did not consist in any subordination to the burgomaster and the military ; at the same time, they were prohibited from interfering in the social and economic affairs of cities, towns, rural communes and societies, or in the actions of the communal court . In the performance of official duties of the zemstvo guard, they enjoyed the rights of sentries .

• The booth
• City

• Art. 128–151 Institutions of the Administration of the Provinces of the Kingdom of Poland, Code of Laws , vol. II, ed. 1892 g.
• Yanovsky A.E. Zemsky Guard // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Guards, security // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Zemsky guard // Small Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 4 volumes - St. Petersburg. 1907-1909.
• Police // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Police // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Sentinels , Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M .: "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1969 - 1978.