Bira (urban type settlement)

The village of Bira was founded in 1894. The village arose on the site of a village inhabited by Chinese subjects. In 1894, it had 29 fanzas, 276 inhabitants.

During the construction of the railway, the Bira station arose, in 1896 the construction of the passenger building was completed on it. The name of the settlement is given along the Bira River, in translation from the language of local peoples into Russian, it means "river". According to other sources, the name of the village of Bira means "Big Water".

According to another version, the village was founded in 1908 by five Bobyrev brothers not far from the Birar camp.

According to other sources, the name of the settlement was given along the Bira River , in translation from the language of local peoples into Russian it means “river”.

1911 year. In the village there was a track distance with a train depot. The first steam locomotives drove trains weighing up to 500 tons.

In 1911, the Birsk Coal Partnership was created.

1912 year. In the history of the Birsk Mine there is an episode associated with the name of the famous writer and explorer of the Far East V.K. Arsenyev. He visited the mines in February 1912 and praised the coal deposit: A coal deposit located 160 miles from the Amur River on the left bank of the Bira was examined: “the coal is clean, shiny black, separated in small pieces, burned with a long bright flame leaving very little ash. ”

Due to the lack of coal between Khabarovsk and Blagoveshchensk, the value of Birsk coal is enormous:

1. He is in the rear of the army.

2. For the fleet (gunboats), it is the only coal base.

3. It is needed, and generally for shipping on the Amur.

4. Coal is needed both for the Amur Railway and the city of Khabarovsk. The Bira River is the only natural means of transport by which goods and food supplies are transported to the Amur Railway under construction. By the end of February 1912, the Birsk Coal Partnership had mined 150,000 pounds of coal. Following a trip to Biru, Vladimir Klavdievich drew up a report for the governor of the Amur Region.

The following is a section of this report:

“The engineer managing the mines, Markov, is an energetic and brave man.

Workers: Russians, Chinese, Koreans, among the Russians - seven Cossacks, ten Tatars, the remaining 98 people - immigrants from Russia.

Among the latter, one Lutheran, two Catholics, one Old Believer, the rest are Orthodox.

Workers receive from 15 to 18 rubles. per month on prepared meals and food. In addition, award money is also issued on major holidays and upon dismissal from service.

Many of them asked permission to bring their families here.

They intend to build houses for themselves during free hours and holidays.

The mines have a paramedic and a newly equipped pharmacy with a large number of tools, medicines and dressings.

There is a large store with good supplies of essentials. As for food supplies, they are currently small, but in March they will be brought to such a level that the mine will provide until May, by which time new transports will already be delivered in boats, barges, steamboats in sufficient quantities. ”

1913 year. A water pump was built, which supplied the steam locomotives with water.

1918 year. The forces of Japanese interventionists were pulled to Bira station, the largest nodal station between Khabarovsk and Arkhara.

On May 13, 1919, active members of the Bolshevik underground Nikolai Trofimovich Onishchenko and his wife Alexandra Grigoryevna were brutally tortured by Japanese interventionists in the village of Bira.

1920 year At the initiative of P.P. Postyshev, a party cell of the CPSU was formed at Bira station.

1921 year. At Bira station, there was the headquarters of the Eastern Front of the Far Eastern Republic, headed by prominent military leaders V.K. Blucher, P.P. Postyshev, S.M. Seryshev. It was here that a plan was prepared for the advance of the army of the People’s Army to the stations of In, Olkhokhta and Volochaevka.

1922 year. At the station of Bira was the headquarters train of the People's Revolutionary Army of the Far East.

1923 year. The Birsk village council was formed.

1928 year. There were 4,934 inhabitants in Bira. In the village there was a cooperative industry enterprise, a power plant with a capacity of 217 kV. In residential buildings there was no electric lighting, running water and sewage. There was a bathhouse and a hairdresser, two schools, a kindergarten, two nurseries, two libraries, eight outlets, a sound film installation, and a printing house in which the newspaper was published. There were two doctors in the village.

The Birsk settlement Council of workers, peasants and Red Army deputies was formed on February 4, 1929 in connection with the renaming of the village of Bira as a working village and belongs to the Khingano - Arkharin district of the Far Eastern Territory.

1930 - 1934 The Birsk settlement Council of workers, peasants and Red Army deputies was part of the Birobidzhan national region of the Far Eastern Territory.

1931 year. The timber industry enterprise began work, a sawmill was built, a sewing workshop, and the Birsky toiler artel were opened. Works shoe artel. A plant for distillation of tar from birch bark, a fir plant for collecting tar was built.

1932 year. The convenient location of the village of Bira, its close proximity to logging, and most importantly the presence of the railway station, led to the creation of the 2nd branch of the Dallag Birlag - Birsky camp site on the basis of the Birskiy housing farm, combining a number of forest camps with a vast territory from Arkhar to Rozengardovka . The main activity of the colonies was logging and timber processing. From logging sites, round timber was transported through a narrow gauge railway to the village, and from there it dispersed by rail along the "big land".

1932 year. At Bira station, there was one of the major resettlement points.

On July 20, 1934, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee decided to "form in the autonomous Jewish national region: Birsky district with a center in the working village of Bira" ^[2] .

1934 - 1945 Birsky settlement Council belongs to the Birsky district of the Jewish Autonomous Region, Khabarovsk Territory.

1935 year. In the village of Bira, the newspaper "Stalin's call" is published in Russian Frequency 8 times a month.

June 22, 1941. From the first days of the war, the military enlistment office received thousands of applications asking: "Please send me to the front." The regional Komsomol organization carried out 9 mobilization in the Birsky district, 1212 was sent to the front, and 66,000 Komsomol members were called up from the region during the war years.

1941 - 1945 During the Great Patriotic War, the Birsk camp division was one of the largest logging sites for the needs of the Far East front. The number of workers at the logging sites is in the range of 8-9 thousand. Birlag harvested and exported up to 500 thousand cubic meters of forest per year. The camp department had its own narrow-gauge road. It provided for the removal of timber to the timber exchange of the station Bira Far Eastern Railways. The length of the road was 40 kilometers, and along with the logging mustache 200 kilometers.

September 4, 1945. By the decree of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR, the district center was transferred from the working village of Bira to the city of Obluchye, the Birsky district was renamed Obluchensky.

The Birsk settlement council belongs to the Obluchensky district of the Jewish Autonomous Region in connection with the transfer of the district center to the city of Obluchye.

In 1985, the first apartment buildings appeared in Bir, but they were built in the lower village.

Sunday, April 27, 1997, storage fires occurred in the warehouse of the military unit in the village of Bira, Obluchensky District, Jewish Autonomous Region. The scale and nature of this emergency event was a serious test of the readiness of all the forces and means of the territorial subsystem of the RCSC for emergency response. On that April Sunday, when the townspeople celebrated Orthodox Easter, at 14 o’clock. 25 minutes The Headquarters for Civil Defense and Emergency Situations of the Jewish Autonomous Region received information about a severe fire in a military ammunition depot in the village of Bira. In less than an hour, the headquarters operational group left for the emergency area. Immediately after the start of the fire, the movement of trains along the Trans-Siberian Railway was interrupted, as they contained thousands of passengers and thousands of tons of various cargoes. The forces of the local police station blocked the federal highway Obluchye - Birobidzhan. Every minute, alarm messages came from the village: “The blast wave reached the village. Many houses have glass in the windows. There is a spontaneous resettlement of people. " The situation required immediate action. At 3 p.m. 30 min. by order of the head of the regional administration, a headquarters was created to deal with the consequences of the emergency. In addition to civil defense specialists, it included the chiefs of services of the territorial subsystem of the RSHS. Her forces and assets were transferred to emergency mode. At its very first meeting, the headquarters decided to evacuate the population from the emergency area and resettle it in the villages of Semistochny, Track and the regional center - the city of Birobidzhan. As a matter of urgency, workers and employees of the military unit, families of military personnel residing on the territory of the facility were evacuated. For these purposes, 22 buses were allocated. Adults and children were housed in the buildings of educational institutions, kindergartens, station premises, a hotel, and military units. Hot food was organized for the affected population. A total of 1800 people were evacuated from the affected area. With the arrival of the leadership of the region and the main forces of public order police, the danger area was tightly blocked. All streets of the village were closed, about 500 houses left by residents were taken under guard, protection of personal property of citizens, stalls, shops, protection of important objects: a communications center, a post office, a savings bank were organized. The forces of the OMON detachment and the linear police station carried out round-the-clock patrolling of the streets of the village. Persons wandering aimlessly through the streets of the village were brought to the local police station, which prevented looting. For the affected population, humanitarian aid was delivered by helicopters of the Far Eastern Regional Center of the Ministry of Emergencies of Russia: food, basic necessities, warm blankets, clothes. Aerial reconnaissance, carried out on the morning of April 28 from a helicopter above the ammunition depot, showed that the intensity of the explosions decreased significantly, and the radius of the ammunition spread decreased. Thus, the village was outside the affected area, and in the evening, residents began to return to his house. As a result of the explosions of ammunition, 95 m of the railway track and about 700 m of the LEP-500 contact network were damaged. Before the repair and restoration teams began restoring the objects of the village’s vital activities, sapper soldiers had to carry out a large amount of work to clean up yards, streets, and terrain along the railway track and near power lines from explosive objects. A total of sapper soldiers were transported to the destruction area of ​​652 ammunition. Only after these works, repair crews began to restore the damaged power lines, railroad tracks, glazing the windows of the barracks, boarding school, hospital, kindergarten, residential buildings. At 13 hours on April 28, traffic on the railway and highways was open. On May 14, when work on the power transmission line was completed, the light came to the houses of the villagers, and with it the peace and familiar way of life. To eliminate the consequences of this emergency, the efforts of 238 people, 76 pieces of equipment were required. According to preliminary estimates, material damage from the emergency amounted to about 8 billion rubles. During the emergency, losses were avoided, and there were no injuries.

The population for 2002 was 4311 people. In 2002, in Bir, there were: a village administration, a leshoz, a section of the Obluchensky state industrial farm, a 220 kV transformer substation, a communication department, a linear dispensary, a municipal medical dispensary, a secondary and basic general correctional general education boarding school, preschool institutions, 2 libraries, the House of Culture chain stores.

2004 year. The population of the village of Bira is 4313 people. In Bir, there are a village administration, a leshoz, a section of the Obluchensky state industrial farm, a mineral water production and bottling enterprise, a 220 kV transformer substation, a communication department, a linear dispensary, a municipal medical dispensary, a secondary school and a basic comprehensive school, a correctional general education boarding school, 2 preschool institutions, 2 libraries, the House of Culture, a network of shops.

2005 year. According to the Law of the EAO dated November 2, 2004 No. 338-OZ “On the Borders and Status of Urban, Rural Settlements within the Obluchensky Municipal District”, the status of Birsky urban settlement within the settlement Bira, s.Semistochnoe, s.Budukan, s. Track with the administrative center - pos. Bira. The EAO Law of September 18, 2008 No. 436-OZ amended Article 1 of the Law of the EAO No. 338-OZ: * p. Seven-piece replaced by with. Seven-storey. * Area: 4568, 2 square meters. km The population as of November 1, 2010 - 3088 people. (in comparison with 2009 - 4611 people), including: * p. Bira - 2303 people, with. Budukan - 431 people, s. Seven-storey - 332 people, with. Track - 22 people. Population density per person / sq. Km = 0.7 From the regional center of the city of Obluchye to the settlement of Bira - 120 km, to the village. Seven-site - 132 km, to the village. Track - 147 km. From the regional center of the EAO of the city of Birobidzhan to the settlement of Bira - 45 km, to the village. Seven-site - 33 km, to the village. Track - 18 km. The terrain of the territory of the urban settlement is mountainous, with sharp changes, the zone is seismic. The climate is monsoon, the average January temperature is -30 degrees, July +25 degrees. In recent years, summer precipitation has become more frequent. The adjacent forest in the settlement is mixed. The suburban area is 2 683 ha. The area of ​​the green zone is 2,334 ha.

In 2005, in the village of Bira, a memorial plaque was installed by Hero of the Soviet Union Vera Sergeevna Kashcheeva and renamed Signalnaya street to Kashcheeva street.

August 29, 2011. A memorial plaque to the researcher of the Far Eastern lands, ethnographer, geographer and writer Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev, who visited Bira more than 100 years ago with the inspection of Birsky coal mines, is installed on the administration building of the Birsk City Settlement Municipal Formation.

The village of Bira by locals is conditionally divided into two parts: the “upper village” (north of the railway); and the “lower village” (south of the railway), on the banks of the river.

In the “lower village” is the “Institution LIU-2” of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation or the “Interregional Prison Hospital ” (MOB) for the treatment of prisoners , including those suffering from tuberculosis .

• Average annual air temperature: −0.9 ° C
• Relative humidity: 71.8%
• Average wind speed: 2.9 m / s

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