Department of History, Moscow State University MV Lomonosov are the main structural units of the faculty [1] and operate along with laboratories and centers. Departments carry out both scientific activities and the entire range of students' training in general historical disciplines and within the framework of specialization. In 2009, the total number of departments is 18.
Departments of Russian History
Department of Russian History Until the Beginning of the 19th Century
The Department of the History of Russia until the beginning of the XIX century (until 1992 - the Department of History of the USSR of the period of feudalism) as an independent unit of the Faculty of History was formed in March 1953, when a single department of the history of the USSR was disbanded. A study of the early period of Russian history has been conducted at Moscow University for over 200 years. In the XIX - early XX centuries, university scientists largely determined the development of Russian historical science . Among the founders of new scientific schools and areas were university professors: academicians M.P. Pogodin , S.M. Solovyov , V.O. Klyuchevsky , M.K. Lyubavsky , M.M. Bogoslovsky , Yu.V. Gautier and others. In Soviet times, the traditions of Russian science were developed by such famous experts as academicians B. D. Grekov , M. N. Tikhomirov and L. V. Cherepnin , corresponding members of the USSR Academy of Sciences S. V. Bakhrushin and V. I. Shunkov , professors K. V. Bazilevich , M. T. Belyavsky , N. B. Golikova , P. P. Epifanov , B. B. Kafengauz , V. I. Lebedev , O. M. Rapov , N. L. Rubinstein , D. Yu. Arapov .
In different years, the department was headed by: Acad. B. A. Rybakov (1953-1962), Ph.D. G. A. Novitsky (1963-1974), Doctor of History A. M. Sakharov (1974-1978), Ph.D. L.G. Kislyagina (acting, 1978-1979, 1988-1989), Doctor of History A. D. Gorsky (1979-1988), Acad. L.V. Milov (1989-2007), Doctor of History N. S. Borisov (since 2007).
Currently, professors A. A. Gorsky , N. V. Kozlov , V. I. Moryakov , Lomonosov Prize laureate, associate professor A. S. Orlov, and others are conducting classes at the department. A long tradition of cooperation with the Russian Academy of Sciences continues - at the department a well-known specialist in the Russian Middle Ages and early New time, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences B.N. Floria ( Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences ).
Department of Russian History of the 19th - Early 20th Century
The Department of the History of Russia of the XIX-early XX centuries as an independent scientific unit was formed in March 1953 (until 1992 - the Department of History of the USSR of the period of capitalism). The scientific development of the history of Russia in the 19th - early 20th centuries is largely related to the activities of scientists at Moscow University. Academicians N. M. Druzhinin , M. V. Nechkin , AM Pankratov , professors S. K. Bushuev , S. S. Dmitriev , N. D. Erofeev , P. A. Zayonchkovsky , L. G. Zakharova , B. B. Kafengauz , N. S. Kinyapina , V. Ya. Laverychev , M. G. Sedov , A. L. Sidorov , A. V. Fadeev , V. A. Fedorov , I. A. Fedosov , associate professors V. A. Georgiev , P. G. Ryndzunsky , A. I. Strazhev , B. E. Syroechkovsky , K. N. Tarnovsky , P. S. Tkachenko .
Specialization of students in the department begins with 3 courses, subject to a personal application to the head of the department in the spring of the previous semester. Specialization is carried out in several main areas:
- The domestic policy of Russia in the 19th - early 20th centuries: state building, economics, etc.
- Foreign policy of Russia XIX - early XX centuries., International relations
- The social movement in Russia in the 19th and early 20th centuries, including Westerners, Slavophiles, Narodniks, Socialist-Revolutionaries, etc., as well as the history of the women's movement in Russia
- Culture of Russia XIX - early XX centuries.
The following special disciplines are provided for students specializing in the department (at the undergraduate level):
- Sources of domestic history (in 2 hours) - for all students of the departments of Russian history - Ph.D., Assoc. T.A. Kruglova / Doctor of History, Associate Professor D. M. Volodikhin and Doctor of History, Honored Professor of Moscow State University A. G. Golikov - in the 1st and 2nd semesters of the 3rd year
- Archival studies of Russian history - for all students of the departments of Russian history - Doctor of History, Honored Professor of Moscow State University A. G. Golikov / Doctor of History, Associate Professor. D.M. Volodikhin / Ph.D., Assoc. N. G. Abramova - in the 1st semester of 3 courses
- Historical geography of the history of Russia - for all students of the departments of Russian history and the department of the history of social movements and political parties of Russia - Ph.D., Assoc. N. G. Abramova - in the 2nd semester of 3 courses
- Sources of the history of Russia XIX - early XX centuries. - only for students of the department - Ph.D., Art. teacher L. V. Zhukova - in the 1st semester of 3 courses
- Introduction to the history of Russia XIX - early XX centuries. - only for students of the department - Ph.D., Assoc. E. N. Mukhina; Ph.D., Assoc. A.P. Shevyrev; Ph.D., Art. n.s. D. A. Tsygankov - in the 1st and 2nd semesters of the 3rd course
- Historiography of domestic history - for all students of the departments of Russian history - Doctor of History, prof. G. R. Naumova; Doctor of History, prof. M. Yu. Lachaeva - in the 1st and 2nd semesters of the 4th course
- The history of Russian culture - for all students of the departments of Russian history - Ph.D., Assoc. L. N. Vdovina; Ph.D., Art. teacher L.V. Zhigaltsova; Ph.D., Assoc. E.N. Danilova; Ph.D., Art. n.s. O. K. Kaykova - in the 1st and 2nd semesters of the 4th course
- Historiography of the history of Russia XIX - early XX centuries. - only for students of the department - Doctor of Historical Sciences, prof. N.I. Tsymbaev .
The head of the department is doctor of historical sciences, professor S.V. Mironenko , deputy head of the department is candidate of historical sciences, associate professor. D.A. Andreev.
Department of Russian History of the 20th — 21st Centuries
The historians of Moscow University have made a significant contribution to the formation of the course of Russian history of the XX century as an independent educational discipline. In 1953, Moscow State University created the country's first university department of Soviet history of the Soviet period (now the department of Russian history of the 20th — 21st centuries), where Russian history was studied and taught after 1917. Heads of the department: Doctor of History M. I. Stishov (1953-1958), Doctor of History S.F. Naid (1958-1965), Ph.D. S.I. Blinov (acting, 1966-1967), Doctor of History V. M. Selunskaya (1967-1977).
From 1977 until the end of 2013, the head of the department was an academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, laureate of the Lomonosov Prize, Honored Professor of Moscow University Yu. S. Kukushkin [2] . Since January 2014, the department is headed by a professor, Doctor of Historical Sciences S. V. Devyatov [3] . The deputy head of the department is Associate Professor A. I. Ostapenko.
Over the years, the department has been staffed by well-known experts in the history of the constitutions of the RSFSR, the USSR and the Russian Federation, the history of national issues in the USSR, the formation of the Stalinist political system , the history of foreign policy , the history of the Moscow Kremlin , the history of political repressions , the history of state security bodies of the USSR and Russia: professors S. A. Baibakov , A. S. Barsenkov , A. I. Vdovin , I. M. Volkov , L. E. Grishaeva [4] , A. A. Danilov , V. Z. Drobizhev , M. E. Naydenov , N.V. Naumov [5] , O.V. Khlevnyuk , D.K. Shelestov , etc.
Department of Source Studies of Russian History
The department was created in 1953 on the initiative of academician M.N. Tikhomirov , which was a new stage in the study and teaching of special historical disciplines , the development of which greatly affects the professional culture of historians. With the advent of academician I.D. Kovalchenko, the research interests of the department’s staff focused around the problems of methodology , source study and historiography .
The department is a large pedagogical and scientific center, where the problems of the methodology of historical science, theoretical and specific problems of source study and historiography are developed. Significant achievements of recent decades are associated with the study of mass historical sources, the use of quantitative methods in historical research.
The staff of the department in different years were professors V.I. Bovykin , S.V. Voronkov , V.A. Plugin , A.K. Sokolov, and others.
Currently, professors S. A. Baibakov , D. M. Volodikhin , M. Yu. Lachaev , G. R. Naumova , N. B. Selunskaya , associate professors N. G. Abramova, T. V. Ageycheva, are working at the department. T. A. Kruglova, Yu. A. Moshkov, O. S. Petrova, senior researchers L. D. Dergacheva and A. V. Karagodin, junior researcher E. O. Yagodkina and others. The head of the department is a doctor of historical sciences, Professor A. G. Golikov .
Department of the History of Social Movements and Political Parties of Russia
The Department of the History of the CPSU was formed in 1953 (since 1992 - the Department of the History of Social Movements and Political Parties). The political history of Russian society, the history of social movements and political parties of the country at the historical faculty has always been given a lot of attention. Such specialists as A.N. Atzarkin , Yu.V. Voskresensky , V.I. Zlobin , A.N. Kulikov, Yu.A. Levunin , A.P. Nosov , O. G. Obichkin worked at the Department of History of the CPSU . , G. P. Oprishchenko, A. N. Sakharov , V. M. Selunskaya, G. M. Alekseev , V. I. Tetyushev and others. Their pedagogical activity was combined with research work on the history of the CPSU, the working class, the peasantry, the history of three Russian revolutions, socio-economic transformations, the history of the Great Patriotic War.
Heads of the department: Doctor of History D.I. Nadtocheev (1953-1958), Ph.D. N.V. Savinchenko (1958-1982). In 1982-2017, the department was headed by Doctor of Historical Sciences, Honored Professor of Moscow University L.S. Leonova . Currently, the department of the history of social movements and political parties in Russia employs: associate professor S.V. Orlov (head), professor I.I. Abylgaziev , associate professors O.S. Berezkina, E.I. Volgin, A.V. Gusev ( Deputy Head), S. A. Ermishin, L.P. Muromtsev and others.
Chairs of World History
Department of Ancient World History
An independent department of the history of the ancient world as part of the Faculty of History was established in 1934. Such prominent specialists as V. S. Sergeev , N. A. Mashkin , K. K. Zelin , A. V. Mishulin , A. B. Ranovich , S. P. Tolstov , M. O. Cosven , and V worked there . K. Nikolsky , V. I. Avdiev , P. F. Preobrazhensky , A. G. Bokshchanin , N. N. Picus .
Currently, classes at the department are: Honored Professor of Moscow University I. L. Mayak , Professor S. I. Kucher, Associate Professors I. A. Gvozdeva, S. V. Novikov, S. S. Soloviev, A. V. Strelkov, O. V. Tomashevich , N. N. Trukhina, I. A. Ladynin, A. V. Safronov, Junior Researchers V. O. Nikishin, B. E. Alexandrov, M. V. Durnovo, N. V. Bugaeva . The head of the department is Professor S. Yu. Saprykin .
Department of History of the Middle Ages
The Department of History of the Middle Ages is one of the successors to the Department of World History of Moscow University, created in 1804 and laying the foundations of Russian media studies . Among the teachers who worked at the department in the 19th and early 20th centuries are academicians P. G. Vinogradov , R. Yu. Vipper and D. M. Petrushevsky , corresponding members of the Academy of Sciences V. I. Gerier , D. N. Egorov and N.I. Kareev , professors T.N. Granovsky , S.V. Yeshevsky , M.S. Korelin , P.N. Kudryavtsev , A.P. Rudakov , A.N. Savin .
With the formation in 1934 of an independent department of the history of the Middle Ages, prominent Soviet and Russian scientists worked at it: academicians E. A. Kosminsky and S. D. Skazkin , corresponding members of the USSR Academy of Sciences A. D. Udaltsov and Z. V. Udaltsov , professors N.P. Gratsiansky , E.V. Gutnova , A.I. Danilov , A.R. Korsunsky , V.M. Lavrovsky , A.I. Neusykhin , A.L. Ponomarev , B.F. Porshnev , Yu. M. Saprykin , A. A. Svanidze , N. A. Sidorova , M. M. Smirin , V. V. Stoklitskaya-Tereshkovich .
At present, the department teaches: Honored professors of Moscow State University L. M. Bragin and N. A. Khachaturian ; Professor I. S. Filippov ; associate professors M. A. Boytsov , O. V. Dmitrieva , R. M. Shukurov , etc. The department is headed by Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, laureate of the State and Lomonosov Prizes, Honored Professor of Moscow State University S. P. Karpov .
Department of New and Contemporary History of the Countries of Europe and America
The Department of New and Contemporary History of the countries of Europe and America was formed in 1934. Heads of the department: Acad. N. M. Lukin (1934-1938), M. S. Zorky (1938-1941), corresponding member. USSR Academy of Sciences A.V. Efimov (1942-1944), corresponding member USSR Academy of Sciences F.V. Potemkin (1944-1946), Doctor of History B.F. Porshnev (1947), Doctor of History A.S. Yerusalimsky (1948-1950), Ph.D. A. S. Chernyaev (1951-1952, acting), Doctor of History I.S. Galkin (1953-1981), Doctor of History N.V. Sivachev (1981-1983), Doctor of History E.F. Yazkov (1983-2008), Doctor of History L. S. Belousov (since 2008).
Department of History of Southern and Western Slavs
The beginning of studying the history of the southern and western Slavs in Russia dates back to the first half of the 19th century, but a specialized department was created at Moscow University only in 1939. Until today, it has no analogues on the territory of Russia, although the course of the history of foreign Slavic peoples is included in the curricula of almost all the "classical" universities of the country. Over the past decades, the department has become a key training center for Slavic historians. Among its graduates are dozens of doctors and hundreds of candidates of sciences, diplomats and journalists, school teachers and businessmen.
Notable traces in the history of the department were left by such famous scientists and organizers of science as academician V.I. Pichet , corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences V.K. Volkov , professors I.M. Belyavskaya , I.A. Voronkov , V.G. Karasev , L.P. Lapteva , Z. R. Needly , S.A. Nikitin .
Currently, the department employs: Lomonosov Prize laureate, Honored Professor of Moscow State University L.V. Gorina , professors M.V. Dmitriev and K.V. Nikiforov , associate professors Yu.A. Borisenok , O. A. Dubovik, L. V. Kuzmichyova, P.E. Lukin, Z. S. Nenasheva , V. B. Prozorov, V. S. Putyatin, researchers A. A. Zhdanovskaya and A. N. Litvinova.
Since 1991, the department is headed by Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor G.F. Matveev .
Department of History of the Near Abroad Countries
The Department of History of the Near Abroad Countries was formed in December 2004. The need to create a scientific and educational structure specializing in studying various aspects of the modern history of neighboring countries is determined by several important factors.
Firstly, a huge range of problems related to the development of historical processes in the post-Soviet space has not yet been considered within the framework of a systematic approach. Secondly, in recent years there has been a tendency towards the gradual restoration of the common scientific and educational space between the countries that are part of the CIS, which also requires a special appeal to the history of the last decade, an analysis of general and distinct trends in the political, economic and cultural development of the Commonwealth countries. The implementation of integration trends in historical science necessitates the direct participation of the MSU Faculty of History in solving such problems as a key scientific and educational center for studying the problems of modern political history.
Head of the Department - Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor E. I. Pivovar
Church History Department
Teaching the history of the Church at Moscow University has an established historical tradition. The Department of Church History was first created at the Faculty of History and Philology of the Imperial University in 1863. It was successively led by professors N.K. Sokolov (from the foundation of the department until 1874), A.M. Ivantsov-Platonov (1874-1894), A.P. Lebedev (1895-1908), A.I. Almazov (1912— 1917). The department was closed in 1918.
The decision to recreate the tradition of teaching Church history at Moscow University has ripened since the mid-1990s; Rector of Moscow State University V. A. Sadovnichy , Dean of the Faculty of History S. P. Karpov, Professor V. A. Fedorov and other specialists took an active part in the development of this problem. This decision was made by the Academic Council of the Faculty of History in the fall of 2006. The Department of Church History was established by Order of the Rector of February 7, 2007 No. 68. The department head is Doctor of Economics, Professor VV Simonov . Among the staff: professors I. V. Pozdeeva and L. G. Khrushkov , associate professors G. M. Zapalsky [6] , P. V. Kuzenkov, A. G. Zoitakis, Z. Yu. Metlitskaya.
Department of Historical Informatics
The Department of Historical Informatics is a new educational and scientific unit of the Faculty of History. It was transformed in 2004 from the interdepartmental laboratory of historical informatics into the eponymous department by order of the rector of Moscow State University on December 15, 2004 (in accordance with the decisions of the Academic Council of the Faculty of History of Moscow State University on May 28, 2004 and the Scientific Council of Moscow State University on October 18, 2004).
The head of the department is a corresponding member. RAS, Professor L.I. Borodkin .
Department of Archeology
The Department of Archeology was opened at the Faculty of History of Moscow State University in 1939, its first head until 1978 was Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences A.V. Artsikhovsky . Teachers of the department became such well-known experts as academician B. A. Rybakov , corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences S. V. Kiselev , professor V. D. Blavatsky , associate professor M. V. Voevodsky. Later, in different years, the professors D. A. Avdusin , O. N. Bader , A. Ya. Bryusov , B. N. Grakov , G. F. Debets , B. A. Kolchin , I constantly worked or taught at the department T. Kruglikova , L. R. Kyzlasov , N. B. Leonova , N. Ya. Merpert , S. Yu. Saprykin , A. P. Smirnov , G. A. Fedorov-Davydov , A. S. Khoroshev , D B. Shelov , Yu. L. Shchapova . For many years, the laboratory of the department was headed by M. N. Kislov. In March - September 1978, the duties of the head of the department were performed by Ph.D. I.V. Yatsenko, then for 37 years the department was headed by an academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, honored professor of Moscow University, laureate of the Lenin, State and Lomonosov Prizes V.L. Since 2015 and. about. Head of the Department - Doctor of Historical Sciences A. R. Kantorovich , Deputy Head - Senior Lecturer E. A. Vinogradova.
Currently, academician V.L. Yanin, professors V.S. Zhitenev , E.A. Rybin , N.V. Ryndina and others are working at the department.
Department of Ethnology
The Department of Ethnology (until 1992 - the Department of Ethnography) was established in 1939. For students of the department, practice is organized in expeditions [7] and museums. The department operates the Educational and Scientific Center of Applied Ethnology.
Heads of the department: corresponding member USSR Academy of Sciences S.P. Tolstov (1939-1951), Doctor of History N.N. Cheboksarov (1951-1956), Doctor of History S. A. Tokarev (1956-1973), Doctor of History G.E. Markov (1973-1986), Doctor of History V.V. Pimenov (1986-2006), Doctor of History A. A. Nikishenkov (2006—2013), Doctor of History D.A. Funk (since 2013).
Department of the History of Art
The history of Russian and foreign art has been taught at Moscow University for more than a century and a half. In the XX century, famous art critics worked here: academicians B. A. Turaev , I. E. Grabar and D. V. Sarabyanov , corresponding members of the Academy of Sciences I. V. Tsvetaev , V. N. Shchepkin , A. A. Sidorov , V. N. Lazarev and V. N. Grashchenkov , full members of the Academy of Arts M. V. Alpatov , B. V. Weimarn , V. M. Polevoy , A. I. Morozov , V. S. Turchin and A. V. Tolstoy , corresponding members of the Academy of Arts B.R. Vipper , A. A. Fedorov-Davydov and Yu. D. Kolpinsky , professors V. E. Giatsintov , V. K. Malmberg , N. I. Romanov , N. I. Brunow , BP Denike , Nekrasov , EA Nekrasov , VV Pav s , AR Gabrichevsky , MA Ilyin , IL Matza , GP Nedoshivin , NN Kovalensky , VN Prokofiev , VP Golovin , A. Komech , V. M. Vasilenko , Yu. K. Zolotov , G.I. Sokolov , O. S. Evangulova , V. D. Dazhin , I. I. Tuchkov , etc.
Gradually, an art history department took shape at the faculty, which consists of two departments - the history of Russian art and the general history of art. Until 2018, the Department of History and Theory of Art was headed by Doctor of Art Criticism, Professor I.I. Tuchkov (since 2015 - Dean of the Faculty of History).
Department of the History of Russian Art
Doctors of art history, professors: M. M. Allenov , A. A. Karev and E. S. Smirnova , associate professor S. V. Khachaturov , etc. are currently teaching at the department of the history of Russian art. The department is headed by a doctor of art history, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Professor V.V. Sedov .
Department of World History of Art
Doctors of art history, professors S. S. Vaneyan , T. D. Karjakin , N. M. Nikulin and O. S. Popov , associate professor A. L. Rastorguev , and senior teacher M. A. are currently teaching at the department of the general history of art . Reformed and others.
Department of Foreign Languages
The Department of Foreign Languages provides language training for students and graduate students of the faculty, conducts scientific and methodological activities in the field of linguistics, methods of teaching foreign languages, and the study of scientific discourse. [8]
Department History
It was founded in 1934 in connection with the division of the university department of foreign languages. Since 1941, in connection with the reorganization of IFLI as part of the Faculty of Philology . Since 1965, restored as part of the history faculty. Head of the department: Doctor of Philosophy K. A. Ganshin (1934-1941), Ph.D. E.A. Bondi (1965-1983), Doctor of Philosophy S. G. Ter-Minasova (1983-1991), Ph.D. I.V. Shevlyagin (1991-2003), Doctor of Philosophy O. V. Raevskaya (2003-2006 and since 2016), Ph.D. L. P. Lobanova (2007—2016).
Provides training for students of the faculty in modern foreign languages - a discipline studied at the history faculty as a second specialty. From 1963 to 2008, the qualification “historian, teacher with knowledge of a foreign language ” was awarded to full-time graduates.
The department teaches English , German , French , Spanish , Italian , Portuguese , Modern Greek , Old Provencal .
The department has become the basis for the formation of the Russian terminological society RossTerm. In 1988-1991, the Faculty of Foreign Languages and Regional Studies of Moscow State University was largely established by former teachers of the department.
Educational-methodical and scientific activity
Unlike ordinary inter-faculty departments of foreign languages, the department is specially engaged in the linguistic preparation of students and post-graduate historians in a volume comparable to the parameters of language universities. The total language load in practical classes in I-IV courses is 1202 ac. hours, a number of special courses are taught in philological, linguistic disciplines, and regional geography.
Courses taught at the department under the program “Fundamentals of the specialty language” are included in the Council of Europe's international directory “New Professions”. [9]
Since 2009, within the framework of basic higher education, the department has provided training in the additional specialty “translator in the field of professional communication”.
Specialists of the department conduct research, in particular, in the field of language teaching methods, terminology, language learning and the discourse of historical disciplines and art history. The department holds scientific conferences (including international), publishes a periodical. [ten]
The philologists and historians work at the department, including well-known experts in the field of linguistics and methods of teaching foreign languages: T. B. Posherstnik, A. P. Minyar-Belorucheva , I. I. Malinina, T. G. Lobova, V. V Varin, M. V. Kolesnikova, M. E. Pokrovskaya. Before the tragic death, the teacher N.V. Klimenko (1947-2007) worked fruitfully at the department.
Department of Ancient Languages
An independent department of ancient languages at the Faculty of History was established in 1937 (since September) under the supervision of a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, classical philologist N. I. Novosadsky . In 1941-1949 she was in the structure of the Faculty of Philology. In 1949-1967, the department was headed by Professor V. S. Sokolov . From 1967 to 1995, the department was headed by Professor A. Ch. Kozarzhevsky , from 1995 to 2008 - Professor I. S. Chichurov . Among its teachers are both classical philologists and historians (antiquologists and medieval scholars) with solid language training; at different times, E.V. Antonets, G.G. Kozlova, E.V. Fedorova worked at the department.
Currently, classes are taught by associate professors A. V. Belousov, E. V. Prikhodko, A. V. Mosolkin, N. G. Tkachenko, I. Yu. Shabaga, senior teachers O. V. Smyka, B. A. Makeev, M.I. Kasyanova, N. Yu. Zhivlova and assistants I.V. Kuvshinskaya, E.V. Finogenova. The head of the department is a classic philologist, doctor of historical sciences, professor A.V. Podosinov (since 2008).
Notes
- ↑ Regulations on the Faculty of History of Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosova. 3.1.
- ↑ Kukushkin Yuri Stepanovich
- ↑ Devyatov Sergey Viktorovich . www.hist.msu.ru. Date of treatment January 3, 2016.
- ↑ Grishaeva Lidia Evgenievna
- ↑ Naumov Nikolay Vasilievich
- ↑ Interview with G. M. Zapalsky
- ↑ Ethnographers of Moscow State University study Terek Cossacks // "Ossetian Radio and Television]
- ↑ Department of Foreign Languages. // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Moscow University. Faculty of History / Under the general. ed. S.P. Karpova. - M.: Publishing House of Moscow State University; ROSSPEN, 2004.
- ↑ Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov. History department. M .: Moscow State University, 1994.S. 56.
- ↑ Problems of linguistics and methods of teaching foreign languages. M.: Moscow State University, Vol. I — VII, 1995-2008.