Zanzibar (Sultanate)

Zanzibar was singled out as the specific possession of the younger members of the dynasty of rulers of the Omani Sultanate (Muscat Sultanate) Bu Saidi. The power of the Sultan of Zanzibar previously stretched to the East African coast, between Cape Dalgado and Kipini on the Ozi River, in addition to the islands of Unguja (Zanzibar Island) , Pemba and others. There was an active trade in slaves, as well as spices, ivory and the like. In Zanzibar, widespread construction began.

Said ibn Sultan , the most powerful of the Omani sultans, in 1853 even planned to move the state’s capital from Muscat to Zanzibar to control the conquered East African territories. But already in 1861, under the rule of the hafis (governor) Majid ibn Saeed (1861-1870), the Zanzibar Sultanate separated from Oman, with the support of the British, who actively colonized East Africa from the beginning of the 19th century.

By the mid-1880s, Zanzibar was under the influence of the British Empire, although no formal protectorate was established. When Germany acquired possession in the interior of East Africa, it concluded a lease agreement with the Sultan of Zanzibar. Since 1888, the strip from the Ruvuma River to the Jubba River was operated by the German East African Company, and to the north of Juba, as well as the harbor and islands to the north of Tana, by the British East African Company . In 1890, the so-called Zanzibar Treaty was concluded : Great Britain established a protectorate over the Zanzibar Sultanate, Germany bought for 4 million marks from the Sultan his rights to the coast she had previously rented.

However, the protectorate did not last long. On August 27, 1896, as a result of the so-called Anglo-Zanzibar war , known as the shortest war in world history (according to the Guinness Book of Records), Sultan Khalid ibn Bargash was expelled, and a ruler acceptable to the British was put on the throne.

In the first half of the 20th century, a puppet sultan regime was established in Zanzibar, completely controlled by Great Britain, but formally Zanzibar remained a semi-independent state entity.

The struggle against British and Sultan domination intensified in Zanzibar after World War II and was largely fueled from Tanganyika.

On December 10, 1963, the state independence of Zanzibar was proclaimed. On December 16 of the same (1963), a new state was adopted at the UN. But already on January 12, 1964, the anti-feudal Zanzibar revolution took place in Zanzibar , as a result of which the Sultan Seyid-Jamshid-ibn-Abdullah was overthrown and expelled from the country, which marked the end of the existence of the Sultanate (the People’s Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba was proclaimed) and accelerated the entry of Zanzibar a few months later into the newly formed state of Tanzania .

• Khalid ibn Said r. 1819 , Khamis Zanzibar 1828 - 1854 , son of Saeed ibn Sultan , Sultan of the Saidid state of Muscat and Oman in 1806 - 1856
• Majid ibn Said r. 1834 , Khamis of Zanzibar 1856 - 1861 , Sultan of Zanzibar 1861 - 1870 , brother of the previous
• Bargash ibn Said r. 1837 , Sultan of Zanzibar 1870 - 1888 , brother of the previous
• Khalifa ibn Bargash r. 1852 , Sultan of Zanzibar 1888 - 1890
• Ali ibn Said r. 1854 , Sultan of Zanzibar 1890 - 1893 , brother of Bargash Ibn Said
• Hamad ibn Tuvaini r. 1857 , Sultan of Zanzibar 1893 - 1896 , son of Tuvaini ibn Saeed, Sultan of the Saidid state of Muscat and Oman in 1856 - 1866
• Khalid ibn Bargash r. 1874 , Sultan of Zanzibar 1896 , d. 1927
• Hamoud Ibn Muhammad Ibn Saeed p. 1853 , Sultan of Zanzibar 1896 - 1902
• Ali ibn Hamoud r. 1884 , Sultan of Zanzibar 1902 - 1911
• Khalifa ibn Harub ibn Tuvaini r. 1879 , Sultan of Zanzibar 1911 - 1960
• Abdullah ibn Harub ibn Tuvaini r. 1910 , Sultan of Zanzibar 1960 - 1963
• Seyid-Jamshid-ibn-Abdullah r. 1929 , Sultan of Zanzibar 1963 - 1964

• Appiah, Kwame Anthony & Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. eds. (1999), Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience , New York : Basic Books , ISBN 0-465-00071-1 , OCLC 41649745  
• Ingrams, William H. (1967), Zanzibar: Its History and Its People , Abingdon: Routledge , ISBN 0-7146-1102-6 , OCLC 186237036  
• Ayany, Samuel G. (1970), A History of Zanzibar: A Study in Constitutional Development, 1934–1964 , Nairobi : East African Literature Bureau, OCLC 201465  
• Michler, Ian (2007), Zanzibar: The Insider's Guide (2nd ed.), Cape Town: Struik Publishers, ISBN 1-77007-014-1 , OCLC 165410708  

• Henryk Sienkiewicz . “ Letters from Africa ” translated by V. M. Lavrov , chapters VII and VIII .
• Zanzibar // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• The Official Website of the Zanzibar Royal Family