The fauna of Colombia is represented by numerous taxonomic groups, due to the richness of climatic conditions and diverse relief. [1] In Colombia, there are 44.25% of South American cold highlands, and at the same time, it is one of the countries with fairly large wet regions and with many rivers flowing in all directions.
Colombia ranks third in the world in the presence of living animal species and second in the number of bird species (1,750 units; 19.40%), after Peru . [2] The Colombian government ranked its country first because they identified 1,815 registered bird species. This equals 19% of the species in the world and 60% of the species in South America . [3]
The national bird of Colombia - Andean condor , it is depicted on the arms of Colombia. [four]
Colombia has 1,200 species of marine fish and approximately 1,600 freshwater species. Colombia is the second in the world in the diversity of butterfly species: 3,000 families and 14 species and more than 250,000 species of beetles . Colombia is the first in the number of amphibian species - 15%; also 30% of turtles and 25% of crocodile species, and in addition, 222 snake species.
There are 30 species of primates . This number of species puts Colombia in fifth place in the world for the species diversity of primates. [3] There are 456 known mammalian species of mammals , which places Colombia in fourth place in the world in terms of their diversity. [3]
Birds
- Adelomyia melanogenys
- Aglaiocercus coelestis
- Amazilia cyanifrons
- Amazilia edward
- Amazilia franciae
- Amazilia fimbriata
- Amazilia saucerrottei
- Amazilia tzacatl
- Amazilia versicolor
- Amazilia viridigaster
- Amazona farinosa
- Anhima cornuta
- Anisognathus melanogenys
- Anthracothorax prevostii
- Ara macao
- Arremon aurantiirostris
- Atlapetes albofrenatus
- Atlapetes fuscoolivaceus
- Atlapetes melanocephalus
- Attila cinnamomeus
- Basileuterus basilicus
- Basileuterus signatus
- Bangsia melanochlamys
- Baryphthengus martii,
- Boissonneaua flavescens
- Boissonneaua jardini
- Bolborhynchus ferrugineifrons
- Brachygalba goeringi
- Bucco capensis
- Bucco noanamae
- Buteogallus anthracinus
- Cacicus haemorrhous
- Cacicus uropygialis
- Carduelis cucullata
- Carduelis xanthogastra
- Cercomacra parkeri
- Cephalopterus penduliger
- Chaetura brachyura
- Chaetura meridionalis
- Chamaeza ruficauda
- Chauna chavaria
- Chelidoptera tenebrosa
- Chiroxiphia lanceolata
- Chiroxiphia pareola
- Chordeiles acutipennis
- Chloroceryle aenea
- Chlorochrysa nitidissima
- Chlorostilbon mellisugus
- Chlorostilbon notatus
- Chlorothraupis carmioli
- Chrysolampis mosquitus
- Cistothorus apolinari
- Cnemotriccus fuscatus
- Cranioleuca hellmayri
- Coeligena wilsoni
- Columbina passerina
- Contopus sordidulus
- Crax rubra
- Crotophaga sulcirostris
- Cyanerpes caeruleus
- Cyanocorax yncas
- Damophila julie
- Diglossa gloriosissima
- Discosura conversii
- Donacobius atricapilla
- Dubusia taeniata
- Dumetella carolinensis
- Empidonax virescens
- Epinecrophylla fulviventris
- Eriocnemis
- Eriocnemis isabellae
- Eriocnemis mirabilis
- Euphonia xanthogaster
- Eutoxeres aquila
- Eutoxeres condamini
- Florisuga mellivora
- Formicarius analis
- Forpus passerinus
- Galbula albirostris
- Galbula dea
- Galbula galbula
- Galbula leucogastra
- Galbula ruficauda
- Geranoaetus melanoleucus
- Glaucis aenea
- Glaucis hirsuta
- Grallaria bangsi
- Grallaria kaestneri
- Grallaria milleri
- Habia cristata
- Habia gutturalis
- Halocyptena microsoma
- Harpia harpyja
- Heliangelus mavors
- Heliangelus strophianus
- Heliodoxa imperatrix
- Heliodoxa rubinoides
- Helimaster furcifer
- Heliomaster longirostris,
- Heliothryx barroti
- Herpetotheres cachinnans
- Hylophylax naevioides
- Hypnelus ruficollis
- Hypopyrrhus pyrohypogaster
- Icterus galbula
- Icterus nigrogularis
- Icterus spurius
- Lathrotriccus euleri
- Leptotila rufaxilla
- Leptotila verreauxi
- Leucopternis melanops
- Lipaugus weberi
- Lophornis chalybeus
- Lophornis stictolophus
- Macroagelaius subalaris
- Melanerpes pulcher
- Metallura tyrianthina
- Mimus gilvus
- Molothrus aeneus
- Momotus momota
- Morphnus guianensis
- Myiarchus apicalis
- Myiarchus crinitus
- Myiodynastes luteiventris
- Myiopagis flavivertex
- Myiopagis gaimardii
- Myiotheretes pernix
- Myrmotherula axillaris
- Nonnula brunnea
- Nonnula rubecula
- Notharchus hyperrhynchus
- Oceanodroma melania
- Ocreatus underwoodii
- Ognorhynchus icterotis
- Onychorhynchus
- Ortalis motmot
- Ortalis ruficauda
- Paroaria gularis
- Patagioenas fasciata
- Patagioenas nigrirostris
- Patagioenas subvinacea
- Patagona gigas
- Pauxi pauxi
- Pipra filicauda
- Pipreola jucunda
- Piranga olivacea
- Pitangus sulphuratus
- Pithys albifrons
- Phaethornis augusti
- Phaethornis longirostris
- Phaethornis malaris
- Phaethornis griseogularis
- Phaethornis guy
- Phaethornis ruber
- Phaethornis striigularis
- Phaethornis syrmatophorus
- Phaethornis yaruqui
- Pharomachrus auriceps
- Pharomachrus fulgidus
- Pheugopedius rutilus
- Phlegopsis barringeri
- Phylloscartes lanyoni
- Popelairia popelairii
- Procnias averano
- Psarocolius cassini
- Pyrrhura calliptera
- Pyrrhura viridicata
- Rallus longirostris
- Rallus semiplumbeus
- Ramphastos ambiguus
- Ramphastos brevis
- Ramphastos swainsonii
- Rupicola peruviana
- Rupicola rupicola
- Sayornis nigricans
- Scytalopus latrans
- Scytalopus sanctaemartae
- Setophaga ruticilla
- Spiza americana
- Sporophila corvina
- Steatornis caripensis
- Synallaxis fuscorufa
- Synallaxis subpudica
- Tachycineta bicolor
- Tachyphonus luctuosus
- Tachyphonus surinamus
- Tangara chilensis
- Tangara mexicana
- Terenotriccus erythrurus
- Thamnophilus nigrocinereus
- Thamnophilus punctatus
- Theristicus caudatus
- Thraupis episcopus
- Threnetes leucurus
- Threnetes ruckeri
- Thryothorus nicefori
- Troglodytes monticola
- Trogon collaris
- Vireo masteri
- Xipholena punicea
- Zebrilus undulatus
- Zenaida macroura
Mammals
Colombia is home to 426 mammal species. [5] About 22% is on the verge of extinction.
In Colombia, the largest number of land mammals, among others are:
Spectacled Bear
Mexican tamandua
American manatee
Amazonian Manatee
Callicebus cupreus
Black Spin Tamarin
Dwarf playfish
Bald uakari
Durukuli
Puma
Jaguarundi
Ocelot
Amphibians
Phyllobates terribilis
Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni
Eleutherodactylus
Phyllobates aurotaenia
Dendrobates histrionicus
Phyllomedusa bicolor
Phyllobates bicolor
Leptodactylus pentadactylus
Pipa
Reptiles
Kaisaka
Bothrops asper
Eunectes murinus
Eunectes notaeus
Corallus caninus
Boa constrictor
Corallus hortulanus
Bothriechis schlegelii
Bothriechis nigroviridis
Crotalus durissus
Lachesis muta
Pelamis platurus
Iguana iguana
Eretmochelys imbricata
Paleosuchus palpebrosus
Crocodylus intermedius
Caiman crocodilus
Melanosuchus niger
Abronia graminea
Chelus fimbriatus
Chelonoidis carbonaria
Chelydra serpentina
Tupinambis teguixin
Fish
Mikrogeophagus ramir
Arapaima , ( Arapaima gigas ) is the largest freshwater fish in the world.
Leporinus obtusidens
Hemichromis letourneauxi
Shellfish
Colombia has more than 80 genera of freshwater [6] mollusks. [7]
Gastropoda
Gastropoda Cuvier, 1797
Helicinidae
- Alcadia ( Microalcadia ) - 4 species in Colombia [8]
Cyclophoridae Gray, 1847
- Cyclotus Swainson, 1840
- Calacyclotus Bartsch, 1942
- Filocyclus Bartsch, 1942
Megalomastomidae Kobelt, 1902
- Aperostoma Troschel, 1847
Poteriidae Gray, 1850
- Buckleyia Higgins, 1872
- Calaperostoma Pilsbry, HA, [1935]
- Poteria Gray, 1850
- Neocyclotus Fischer & Crosse H., 1886
Ampullaridae Guilding, 1828
- Marisa Gray, [1824]
- Pomacea Perry, 1811
Arionidae Gray, 1840
- Arion Férussac, 1819
- Arion intermedius Normand, 1852 - included [6]
Philomycidae Gray, 1847
- Philomycus rafinesque , 1820
Scolodontidae Baker, [1925]
- Hirtudiscus Hylton-Scott, 1973 [9]
- Hirtudiscus boyacensis Hausdorf, 2003 [9]
- Hirtudiscus comatus Hausdorf, 2003 [9]
- Hirtudiscus curei Hausdorf, 2003 [9]
- Hirtudiscus hirtus Hylton Scott, 1973 [9]
Camaenidae Pilsbry, HA, 1895
- Labyrinthus Beck, 1837
- Isomeria Albers, 1850
- Pleurodonte Fischer von Waldheim, 1807
- Solaropsis Beck, 1837
Helicidae Rafinesque, 1815
- Helix L., 1758
- Cornu aspersum (OF Müller, 1774) - enabled [6] (not counted as genus in this list)
Xanthonychidae Strebel & Pfeiffer, 1879
- Leptarionta Crosse H. & Fischer, 1872
Euconulidae Baker, 1928
- Habroconus Fischer & Crosse H., 1872
Agriolimacidae Wagner, 1935
- Deroceras Rafinesque, 1820
- Deroceras laeve (OF Müller, 1774) - included [6]
- Deroceras panormitanum (Lessona & Pollonera, 1882) - introduced [6]
- Deroceras reticulatum (OF Müller, 1774) - introduced [6]
Boettgerillidae Van Goethem, 1972
- Boettgerilla Simroth, 1910
- Boettgerilla pallens Simroth, 1912 - included [6]
Limacidae Rafinesque, 1815
- Lehmannia Heynemann, 1863
- Lehmannia valentiana (A. Férussac, 1822) - included [6]
- Limax L., 1758
Polygyridae Pilsbry, HA, 1894
- Giffordius Pilsbry, HA, 1930
Thysanophoridae Pilsbry, HA, 1926
- Thysanophora Strebel & Pfeffer, 1880
Sagdidae Pilsbry, HA, 1895
- Lacteoluna Pilsbry, HA, 1926
Succineidae Beck, 1837
- Succinea Draparnaud, 1805
- Omalonyx Orbigny, 1841
Milacidae Ellis, 1926
- Milax Gray, 1855
- Milax gagates (Draparnaud, 1801) - included [6]
Pristilomatidae
- Hawaiia minuscula (Binney, 1840) - included [6]
Vitrinidae Fitzinger, 1833
- Hawaiia Gude, 1911
- Oxychilus Fitzinger, 1833
- Oxychilus alliarius (Miller, 1822) - included [6]
- Vitrea Fitzinger, 1833
- Vitrea contracta (Westerlund, 1871) - included [6]
Zonitidae Mörch, 1864
- Hyalinia Agassiz, 1837
Achatinidae Swainson, 1840
- Achatina Lamarck, 1799
Ferussaciidae
- Cecilioides Ferussac, 1814
Subulinidae Crosse H. & Fischer, 1877
- Subulina Beck, 1837
- Leptinaria Beck, 1837
- Opeas Albers, 1850
- Obeliscos Beck, 1837
- Rodea H. Adams et A. Adams , 1855
- Synapterpes Pilsbry, HA, 1896
Orthalicidae
- Bulimulus Leach, 1814
- Simpulopsis Beck, 1837
- Thaumastus Albers, 1860
- Naesiotus Albers, 1850
- Drymaeus Albers, 1850
- Auris Spix, 1827
- Dryptus Albers, 1860
- Stenostylus Pilsbry, HA, 1898
- Plekocheilus Guilding, 1828
- Orthalicus Beck, 1837
- Corona Albers, 1850
- Hemibulimus Martens, E. von., 1885
- Porphyrobaphe Shuttleworth, 1856
- Sultana Shuttleworth, 1856
Cerionidae Pilsbry, HA, 1901
- Cerion Röding, 1798
Microceramidae Pilsbry, HA, 1903
- Microceramus Pilsbry, HA & Vanatta, 1898
Clausiliidae Mörch, 1864
- Clausilia Draparnaud, 1805
- Nenia H. Adams et A. Adams , 1855
- Columbinia Polinski 1924
Spiraxidae Baker, 1939
- Euglandina Fischer & Crosse H., 1870
- Pseudosubulina Strebel & Pfeffer, 1882
Charopidae Hutton, [1884]
- Radiodiscus Pilsbry, HA & Ferris, [1906]
- Lilloiconcha Weyrauch, 1965
- Lilloiconcha gordurasensis (Thiele, 1927)
- Lilloiconcha costulata Hausdorf, 2005 [10]
- Lilloiconcha laevigata Hausdorf, 2005 [10]
Punctidae Morse, 1864
- Paralaoma Iredale, [1913]
- Paralaoma servilis (Shuttleworth, 1852) - included [6]
Systrophiidae Thiele, 1926
- Systrophia Pfeiffer, 1855
- Guestieria Crosse H., 1872
- Happia Bourguignat, 1889
- Miradiscops Baker, [1925]
Streptaxidae Gray, 1806
- Streptaxis Gray, 1837
- Streptostele Dohrn, 1866
Megalobulimidae Leme, 1973
- Megalobulimus Miller, 1878
Strophocheilidae Thiele, 1926
- Strophocheilus Spix, 1827
Pupillidae Turton, 1831
- Pupoides Pfeiffer, [1854]
Vertiginidae Fitzinger, 1833
- Gastrocopta Wollaston, 1878
- Vertigo Müller, 1774
- Pupisoma Stoliczka, 1873
Strobilopsidae Pilsbry, HA, 1893
- Strobilops Pilsbry, HA, 1893
Valloniidae Morse, 1864
- Vallonia Risso, 1826
Insects
Heliconius charithonia
Hedylidae
Catonephele orites
Catalina orangetip
Atta laevigata
See also
- Флора Колумбии
Notes
- ↑ Colombia: el desafío de la biodiversidad
- ↑ Una visión integral de la Biodiversidad en Colombia Архивировано 11 декабря 2014 года.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Número de Especies Архивировано 28 октября 2007 года.
- ↑ EL CÓNDOR, AVE NACIONAL
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20040713171600/http://www.humboldt.org.co/biota/vol1no1/03.%20Mamiferos_de_Colombia.pdf
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Bernhard Hausdorf. 2002. Introduced land snails and slugs in Colombia . Journal of Molluscan Studies, 2002 May; 68(2):127-131. abstract
- ↑ Mónica Lucía Vera Ardila. 2008. Lista de los géneros de moluscos terrestres de Colombia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Prosobranchia: Mesogastropoda y Pulmonata: Stylommatophora) . Biota Colombiana 9 (1): 39-62.
- ↑ Hausdorf B. 2006. Alcadia (Microalcadia) in Colombia (Gastropoda: Helicinidae) . Journal of Conchology, volume: 39 part 1, page 91, published: May 2006, abstract Архивная копия от 22 июля 2011 на Wayback Machine
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Hausdorf B. 2003. Systematic position and taxonomy of the genus Hirtudiscus from Colombia (Gastropoda: Scolodontidae) . Journal of Molluscan Studies, 69: 179—186.
- ↑ 1 2 Hausdorf, B. 2005. The Genus Lilloiconcha in Colombia (Gastropoda: Charopidae) . Journal of Natural History, 39 (30): 2795—2808.