Electrochemical potential

Electrochemical potential is the chemical potential of electrically charged particles and quasiparticles ( ions , electrons , holes ) in an electric field ^[1] ^[2] ^[3] ^[4] (the term was proposed in 1929 by E. A. Guggenheim ^[5] ). A special term was needed because of the conventional breakdown of the electrochemical potential into non-electrical and electrical parts accepted in the literature. From a theoretical point of view, such a separation is purely formal in nature, since the same formula units with which the usual chemical potential is related are charge carriers, and therefore there is no way to separately determine its chemical and electrical components. In practice, the separation of the electrochemical potential into two parts sometimes turns out to be a good approximation, because in nature there are particles ( electrons and positrons ) for which, due to the smallness of their mass, the contribution of the non-electric part to the electrochemical potential is negligible compared to the contribution of the electrical component ^[6] ^[7] .

The physical meaning of the electrochemical potential is that its change is equal to the work for the transition of the system from the state $one$ ${\ displaystyle 1}$ $one$ to state $2$ ${\ displaystyle 2}$ $2$ with a change in chemical, osmotic and electrical energies: $\Delta \mu =\mu _{2}-\mu _{1}+RT\ln {\frac {C_{2}}{C_{1}}}+zF(\varphi _{2}-\varphi _{1})$ ${\ displaystyle \ Delta \ mu = \ mu _ {2} - \ mu _ {1} + RT \ ln {\ frac {C_ {2}} {C_ {1}}} + zF (\ varphi _ {2} - \ varphi _ {1})}$ ${\ displaystyle \ Delta \ mu = \ mu _ {2} - \ mu _ {1} + RT \ ln {\ frac {C_ {2}} {C_ {1}}} + zF (\ varphi _ {2} - \ varphi _ {1})}$ . Here: $\mu _{2},\mu _{1}$ ${\ displaystyle \ mu _ {2}, \ mu _ {1}}$ ${\ displaystyle \ mu _ {2}, \ mu _ {1}}$ - chemical potentials in state $2$ ${\ displaystyle 2}$ $2$ and $one$ ${\ displaystyle 1}$ $one$ , $R$ ${\ displaystyle R}$ $R$ - universal gas constant, $T$ ${\ displaystyle T}$ $T$ - absolute temperature $C_{1},C_{2}$ ${\ displaystyle C_ {1}, C_ {2}}$ ${\ displaystyle C_ {1}, C_ {2}}$ - molar concentration $z$ ${\ displaystyle z}$ $z$ is the ion charge in units of elementary charge, $F=N_{a}e=9,65*10^{7}$ ${\ displaystyle F = N_ {a} e = 9.65 * 10 ^ {7}}$ ${\ displaystyle F = N_ {a} e = 9.65 * 10 ^ {7}}$ C / kmol - Faraday constant $\varphi _{2},\varphi _{1}$ ${\ displaystyle \ varphi _ {2}, \ varphi _ {1}}$ ${\ displaystyle \ varphi _ {2}, \ varphi _ {1}}$ - the potential difference between the solutions ^[8] .

Notes

↑ Electrochemical potential // Physical Encyclopedia, vol. 5, 1998, p. 595
↑ Damaskin B. B. Electrochemical potential // Chemical Encyclopedia, vol. 5, 1998, p. 464
↑ Guggenheim, 1941 , p. 122-123.
↑ Callen, 1985 , p. 35.
↑ Guggenheim, 1985 , p. 300.
↑ Rusanov, 2013 , p. 19.
↑ Salem, 2004 , p. 245.
↑ Vladimirov, Yu.A., Roshchupkin D.I., Potapenko A.Ya. Biophysics. - M.: Medicine, 1983. - c. 13

Literature

Callen HB Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics. - NY ea: John Wiley, 1985 .-- xvi + 493 p. - ISBN 0471862568 , 9780471862567.
Guggenheim EA Thermodynamics: An Advanced Treatment for Chemists and Physicists. - Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1985 .-- xxiv + 390 s. - ISBN 0 444 86951 4 .
Guggenheim. Modern thermodynamics described by the method of W. Gibbs / Per. under the editorship of prof. S. A. Schukareva. - L. — M .: Goskhimizdat, 1941 .-- 188 p.
Rusanov A. I. Lectures on the thermodynamics of surfaces. - SPb. — M. — Krasnodar: Doe, 2013 .-- 237 p. - (Textbooks for universities. Special literature). - ISBN 978-5-8114-1487-1 .
Salem R.R. Physical Chemistry. Thermodynamics. - M .: Fizmatlit, 2004 .-- 351 p. - ISBN 5-9221-0078-5 .

[1] Electrochemical potential // Physical Encyclopedia, vol. 5, 1998, p. 595

[2] Damaskin B. B. Electrochemical potential // Chemical Encyclopedia, vol. 5, 1998, p. 464

[_453ab7f4e6644a2d-3] Guggenheim, 1941 , p. 122-123.

[_1b09bf2d93cd9151-4] Callen, 1985 , p. 35.

[_1ce24c6962b5ae09-5] Guggenheim, 1985 , p. 300.

[_2db6364c1241e45c-6] Rusanov, 2013 , p. 19.

[_ff180cf0f0a8535d-7] Salem, 2004 , p. 245.

[8] Vladimirov, Yu.A., Roshchupkin D.I., Potapenko A.Ya. Biophysics. - M.: Medicine, 1983. - c. 13

Electrochemical potential

See also

Notes

Literature

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