Boyar pisanitsa is a monument of fine art of the Tagar archeological culture , consisting of two groups of petroglyphs : the Little and the Big Boyar pysanitsa on the south-western part of the Boyar ridge ( in Khakassky Poyar taғ - “The Sacred Mountain”). This low ridge is 6 km east of the village. Troitskoe of the Bogradsky District of the Republic of Khakassia stretches along the left bank of the Yenisei .
Petroglyphs of the Boyar pisanitsa, Bolshoi and Malaya, were discovered and investigated by AV Adrianov in 1904. In 1962 , the students of the Moscow Higher School of Industrial Art depicted the images of the Big Boyar pisanitsa and sketched and photographed them. In the 1960s – 1970s M. A. Devlet re-examined this pisanitsa and published the book "Big Boyar pisanitsa." Boyar pianism dates back to 7-3 centuries BC and belongs to the Tagar culture , although in part it also applies to the transitional period of 2-1 centuries BC, namely Tashtyk culture
Based on the illustrations of M. A. Devlet, these images can be classified according to the plot as follows: deer images - 22, goat - 12, mountain goat - 3, bull - 9, dogs - 1, people - 24, images of boilers - 17, houses - 28, riders - 6, barrels - 7, holding a man's bow in his hands - 1, etc. A total of 151 images are presented. There are 47 animal figures in total, which is one third of all the drawings. On the Big Boyar pisanitsa the most numerous images - dwellings , only single images of houses - 28. Dwellings can be divided into chopped houses and yurts . Yurts in the context of this composition , according to M. A. Devlet , should be considered as images of traditional dwellings of nomads of Southern Siberia and the “gar” of Mongolian steppe people, and chopped houses as usual log huts for taiga . On the plane of the monument are wooden yurts, made in the same technique, which is typical for modern Khakas .
The Malaya Boyarskaya pansanitsa includes more than 40 images of dwellings, anthropomorphic creatures, deer, goats, and horses . The transition from cattle breeding to farming is explained by the appearance of images by S. V. Kiselev . The point of view synchronously expressed by M. P. Gryaznov , who determined the significance of the monument as an object of religious significance, differs from this opinion. Around these two points of view on scribbling - “the real village” or “the village of the ancestors” - have been conducting scientific debates for several decades.
Literature
- Adrianov A.V. Boyarskaya pisanitsa // News of the Russian Committee for the Study of Central and East Asia. № 6. SPb., 1906. S. 53-59.
- Devlet M. A. Big Boyar pisanitsa. M., 1976. 39 p.
- Kiselev S.V. Disintegration of the kind and feudalism on the Yenisei // News of the State Academy of the History of Material Culture. 1933. Vol. 65. p. 20.
- Gryaznov M. P. Boyar pisanitsa / / Problems of the history of material culture. 1933. № 7.
- Savinov DG To the interpretation of images of Boyar scribes // Archeology of Southern Siberia. Novosibirsk, 2003. pp. 100-105.
- Martynov A.I. Forest-steppe Tagar culture. Novosibirsk, 1979. p. 134.
Notes
- ↑ Steppe belt of the Asian part of the USSR in the Scythian-Sarmatian time / Responsible editor of the volume is Doctor of Historical Sciences M. G. Moshkova. - Archeology of the USSR. - Moscow: Science, 1992.