Boris Nikolaevich Petrov ( February 26 [ March 11 ] 1913 , Smolensk - August 23, 1980 , Moscow) - Soviet scientist in the field of automatic control, Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1960; Corresponding Member of 1953), Hero of Socialist Labor (1969). Winner of the Lenin Prize and State Prize of the USSR.
Boris Nikolaevich Petrov | ||||||||||||
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Date of Birth | ||||||||||||
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Scientific field | automatic control | |||||||||||
Place of work | IPU Academy of Sciences of the USSR , MAI | |||||||||||
Alma mater | Moscow Power Engineering Institute | |||||||||||
Academic degree | Doctor of Technical Sciences ( 1945 ) | |||||||||||
Academic title | Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences ( 1960 ) | |||||||||||
supervisor | V.S. Kulebakin | |||||||||||
Famous students | S.V. Ulyanov | |||||||||||
Awards and prizes | ||||||||||||
One of the founders of the Soviet cosmonautics, who worked with leading figures of rocket science and cosmonautics: S. P. Korolev , V. P. Glushko , M. K. Yangel , V. N. Chelomey , V. F. Utkin , M. F. Reshetnev , V.P. Mishin , N.A. Pilyugin .
Content
Biography
Born in the city of Smolensk . His father worked as an accountant , died in 1929. Mother - a doctor, died in 1919, infected with typhus during the fight against the epidemic.
- After graduating from high school (February 1930), he made an attempt to enter the Moscow Energy Institute , but he was not accepted the documents, because he was from a family of employees. For six months, he worked as an accountant on the collective farm . In the autumn, he came to Moscow to see his mother's sister, enrolled in the factory Ordzhonikidze factory, after graduating from college (1932) he worked as a metal turner in the Centrosoyuz workshops. In 1933 he entered the Electromechanical Faculty of the Moscow Power Engineering Institute (MEI) [2] . Among his teachers was Boleslav Kazimirovich Buhl [3] .
- 1939 Graduated from Moscow Power Engineering Institute (with honors). The head of the graduation project is academician V.S. Kulebakin .
- 1940–1946 senior researcher at the Institute of Automation and Remote Control .
- Since 1944, lecturer in the department "Automatic control and stabilization of aircraft" of the Moscow Aviation Institute (MAI).
- 1945 he defended his thesis "Analysis of Automatic Copy Systems" and, bypassing the degree of Candidate of Sciences, he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences.
- 1947-1951 director of the Institute of Automation and Remote Control.
- Since 1948 professor of the MAI.
- Since 1950, head of the department of MAI.
- Since 1951, head of the department of the Institute of Management Sciences of the USSR
- Since 1953, Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
- Since 1960, Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
- Since 1963 Academician-secretary of the Department of Mechanics and Control Processes of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
- Since 1966, Chairman of the Council for International Cooperation in the Field of Research and the Use of Outer Space at the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (Intercosmos).
- He was one of the Academicians of the USSR Academy of Sciences , who signed a letter to the Pravda newspaper in 1973 condemning the “behavior of Academician A. D. Sakharov ”. In the letter, Sakharov was accused of “making a number of statements discrediting the state system, foreign and domestic policy of the Soviet Union,” and academicians rated his human rights activities as “discrediting the honor and dignity of the Soviet scientist” [4] [5] .
- Since 1979, Vice-President of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
Editor-in-chief of the journal “News of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Technical Cybernetics "(now" News of the Academy of Sciences. Theory and Control Systems "), a member of the editorial boards of other journals.
Member of the International Academy of Astronautics (1971), member of the Czechoslovak, Hungarian, Bulgarian and Polish Academies of Sciences.
Scientific Activities
Major works on the theory of automatic control, the theory of invariance of automatic control systems, self-adjusting systems, information problems of control theory, systems of automatic control of moving objects. The results obtained by Petrov in the theory of automatic control of complex objects have found wide application in rocket and space technology.
He created the method of structural transformations of the schemes of automatic systems and developed the corresponding mathematical apparatus - the algebra of structural transformations. Conducted in-depth research in the field of methods for integrating nonlinear differential equations (" Petrov phenomenon "). Established the limits of applicability of the Chaplygin method .
One of the founders of the theory of invariance of control systems. He formulated the criterion of physical realizability of the conditions of invariance - the principle of Petrov's two-channel .
- 1950s - 1960s: he set and conducted research in the field of the theory and practice of nonlinear servomechanisms . Together with the students, he developed methods for calculating and researching servomechanisms and carried out the transfer of the results to specialized KBs for subsequent implementation.
- From 1955 he led the development of methods for constructing nonlinear control systems with variable structure, the development of methods for the synthesis and analysis of such systems.
- Since 1956, he developed the theory of spacecraft control systems.
- In 1957 he headed the work on the theory, design and creation of search-free self-adjusting systems (adaptive systems with a model). He led the development and creation of adaptive control systems for certain classes of missiles by Chief Designer I. S. Seleznev . Later he developed a new promising direction - the theory of coordinate-parametric control.
- 1950s: worked together with academician S.P. Korolev on the regulatory systems for the first intercontinental ballistic missile R-7 . He often took part as a consultant at meetings of the Council of Chief Designers, headed by S. P. Korolev. In 1950-1951, together with the staff, he obtained the first constructive results in the study of the dynamics of liquid rocket engines (LRE) and its electronic analog modeling - the studies that were carried out helped to find ways to combat the longitudinal instability of the R-7 rocket.
Civil Activities
He carried out the scientific and civil rehabilitation of Professor G. V. Shchipanov, who was subjected to destructive criticism in 1939-1940 for his article on invariance.
Publications
He is the author of about 200 journalistic and popular science articles on major scientific issues related to the development of automation, computing, experiment automation, space research software control.
One of the books:
- Petrov Boris Nikolaevich . Space research and technological progress. Moscow. “Knowledge” 1971. 48 p. [6]
Awards
- Hero of Socialist Labor (1969)
- 5 Orders of Lenin
- Order of the October Revolution
- Order of the Red Banner of Labor
- Order of the Red Star
- Lenin Prize (1966)
- USSR State Prize (1972)
- Gold Medal of the National Space Research Center of France
Memory
- In November 1980, the Government issued a resolution to perpetuate the memory of BN Petrov; The Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences has established a gold medal named after BN Petrov (since 1993 - a prize), awarded for outstanding work in the field of the theory and automatic control systems, as well as in the field of experimental research on the development of outer space [7]
- In 1983, the USSR postage stamp dedicated to Petrov was issued.
- Memorial plaques in memory of Boris Nikolaevich Petrov are installed on the buildings of the Institute for Management Problems and the Moscow Aviation Institute.
- Museum of Academician B.N. Petrov in secondary school 20 (Nowadays MBOU Lyceum No. 1 named after Academician B.N. Petrov)
- In the name of B.N. Petrov, the following are named:
- Square Academician Petrov ( Moscow ).
- Street Academician Petrov (Smolensk).
- Research vessel (Academy of Sciences) Academician Boris Petrov .
- One of the audiences of the Moscow Aviation Institute of the Academy of Sciences .
- MBOU lyceum No. 1 (Named after academician B.N. Petrov)
Notes
- ↑ Petrov Boris Nikolaevich // Big Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 t.] / Ed. A.M. Prokhorov - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1969.
- ↑ Rutkovsky V. Yu. Boris Nikolaevich Petrov (on the 100th anniversary of his birth) // Earth and Universe. - 2013. - № 4 . - p . 49-55 .
- ↑ MEI: history, people, years: a collection of memories. In 3 volumes, 2010 , p. 147.
- ↑ Materials about Sakharov Archival copy dated January 15, 2018 on the Wayback Machine from Chronicles of Current Events No. 30, 12/31/1973.
- ↑ Letter from members of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR // Pravda, 29.08.1973.
- ↑ U-book covers
- Б. BN Petrov Prize
Literature
- Kolchinsky I.G., Korsun A.A., Rodriguez M.G. Astronomers: A Biographical Directory. - 2nd ed., Pererab. and extra .. - Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1986. - 512 p.
- Kurdyukov A. P., Rutkovsky V. Yu. Academician Boris Nikolaevich Petrov. - M .: Nauka, 2013. - 186 p., Io., 1000 copies, ISBN 978-5-02-038088-2
- Under the general editorship of S.V. Serebryannikov. Volume I // MEI: history, people, years: a collection of memories. In 3 volumes. - Moscow: Publishing House MEI, 2010. - 544 p. - ISBN 978-5-383-00575-0 .
Links
Petrov, Boris Nikolayevich . The site " Heroes of the country ."
- The profile of Boris Nikolaevich Petrov on the official website of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- B. N. Petrov on the website of the VA Trapeznikov Institute for Management Problems .
- B. N. Petrov in the Encyclopedia of Cosmonautics.
- Boris Nikolayevich Petrov // The Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 t.] / Ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.