Ozheshko, Eliza

Born Elжbieta Pawłowska , the youngest daughter of a wealthy landowner and lawyer Benedikt Pavlovsky ( Polish: Benedykt Pawłowski ) and his second wife Francesca (nee Kamenskaya). Educated at the Warsaw hostel ( 1852 - 1857 ). At the age of 17, she was married to the landowner of the Kobrin district, Petr Orzeszko, and lived in his estate Lyudvinovo .

It supported the participants of the Polish uprising of 1863 . For participation in the uprising, the husband was exiled to the Perm province in 1865 , and the estate was confiscated.

The marriage of Eliza Orzeszko with Petr Orzeszko on her initiative was declared invalid in 1869 . Having settled in Grodno, Ozheshko sold the estate in the Milk region ( 1870 ) and lived on income from literary activity.

Eliza Orzeszko was interested in medicinal herbs used by healers and healers. Traveling in the Grodno region, she asked healers, collected folk names of plants . She collected a herbarium and about 228 popular names of plants, many of which contained descriptions of their appearance and methods of application. The writer placed her observations in a work entitled “Ludzie i kwiaty nad Niemnem” (“People and Flowers over the Neman”), published in the geographic and ethnographic journal “Wisla” (“Wisla”) ^[1] .

In 1894 she remarried to Stanislav Nagorsky. She was engaged in charity and social activities.

After a serious heart disease she died and was buried in Grodno .

Eliza Orzeszko debuted in print with the novel “A Picture from the Hunger Years” ( “Obrazek z lat głodowych” ) in 1866 . Used the pseudonyms EO , Bąk (z Wa-Lit-No) , Li ... ka , Gabriela Litwinka .

The early novels and novels “Pan Graba” ( “Pan Graba” , 1869 ), “Marta” ( “Marta” , 1873 and others were written on the themes of social emancipation and the struggle of women for human dignity. The novels are devoted to the decomposition of the patriarchal landowner system and the exaltation of the bourgeoisie “ Eli Makover "( " Eli Makower " , 1874 - 1875 )," Brochwicz Family "( " Rodzina Brochwiczów " , 1876 ) and others. For the work of Orzeszko of the 1860s - 1870s, tendentious genres of the story with the thesis are characteristic, "A story with a thesis."

The novel “Meir Ezofovich ” ( “Meir Ezofowicz” ; another Russian version of the name “Meer Iosefovich”; 1878 ; translated into 13 languages), the stories of the collection “From Different Areas” (vols. 1-3, 1879–1882) , were widely recognized. from the life of the Belarusian peasants “Lowlands” ( “Niziny” , 1883 ), “Dziurdzi” ( “Dziurdziowie” , 1885 ), “ Ham ” ( “Cham” , 1888 ).

The novel "Over the Neman" ( "Nad Niemnem" , 1887 ) is regarded as the pinnacle of the writer's achievements. The novel depicts hardworking farmers faithful to the national-patriotic traditions of the era of the Polish uprising of 1863 , and a degrading nobility . Of the later works, the novel Argonauts ( Argonauci , 1899 ) and the storybook Gloria victis (that is, Glory to the Vanquished, 1910 ), dedicated to the 1863 uprising, stand out.

In 1905, she was nominated for the Nobel Prize in literature (like Leo Tolstoy ), but it was received by Henryk Sienkiewicz . In 1906, a commemorative medal was issued in honor of the 40th anniversary of her literary work. .

The works of Eliza Orzeszko have been repeatedly translated into Russian.

• Eliza Orzeszko. From hand to hand / Trans. from Polish. - Appendix to the newspaper Priazovskiy Krai, 43 (November 13). - Printing house of the newspaper Priazovskiy Kray, 1905. - P. 176.
• Mirtala. M., Text , 2011.
• Collected Works, 6 vols. M., Fiction , 1991-1996.
• Works, 5 vols. M., 1953-1954.
• Complete Works, 8 vols. Kiev - St. Petersburg - Kharkov, 1902-1910.
• Collected Works, 12 vols. St. Petersburg, 1909-1910.
• Collected Works, ed. S. S. Zelinsky, 12 vol. St. Petersburg, 1905 - 1908 .
• Complete Works, trans. A. Bronovitskaya, 8 vols. Kiev, 1902-1911.
• Collected Works, 3 vols. St. Petersburg, 1889.

• Orzheshko, Eliza // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Biography and texts (Polish)
• Lib.Ru/ Classics: Ozheshko Eliza: Selected Works
• Eliza Orzeszko. Biography and selected works