Borisoglebskaya Church in Vyshgorod is the first church dedicated to Saints Boris and Gleb [1] . It was built under the Grand Duke Yaroslav the Wise on the site of the burnt church of St. Basil, near which the bodies of the brothers were buried.
| Orthodox Church | |
| Borisoglebskaya church | |
|---|---|
 The construction of the Borisoglebsky church in Vyshgorod and the transfer in 1115 of the relics of the brothers to the new church | |
| A country |  Ukraine |
| City | Vyshhorod |
| Architect | |
| Founder | Yaroslav the Wise |
| First mention | 1021 year |
After the fire of 1020, which destroyed the church of St. Basil, the bodies of the brothers buried next to it were discovered. The miracles attributed to them served as the reason for the construction of a small crate ( chapel ), and then Yaroslav ordered the church to be built "to a great ... with a top 5 ". Metropolitan Makarios (Bulgakov) attributes the construction of the first wooden Borisoglebsky church to 1021 and connects with the transfer of the bodies of Boris and Gleb the beginning of church veneration of the brothers [2] .
On the site of a dilapidated wooden church, Prince Izyaslav Yaroslavich built a one-headed stone church, which was consecrated on May 20, 1072 with the participation of the Kiev Metropolitan George , a number of other bishops and Kiev monasticism and solemnly brought into it the relics of the brothers [3] . A large stone church in honor of Boris and Gleb began to be built by Prince Svyatoslav Yaroslavich (the masonry of walls was completed by his death in 1076) and continued by Vsevolod Yaroslavich. By 1080-1090, the temple was built, but its top collapsed and was restored by Prince Oleg Svyatoslavich. The church was consecrated on May 1, 1115 in the presence of Grand Duke Vladimir Monomakh . Since that time, it has been repeatedly mentioned in the annals until the period of the Mongol-Tatar invasion when information about it disappears.
Reconstruction of the appearance of the pre-Mongol temple
Fragment of the wall of the temple of the XI-XII centuries
It is believed that the church was destroyed during the Batu invasion of Kiev in 1240 [4] . At the same time, the relics of the holy brothers were lost and attempts to regain them, undertaken in 1743, 1814 and 1816, did not give a result [4] . The territory of the destroyed church belonged to the Preobrazhensky Mezhigorsky monastery , which together with all its possessions in 1571, Sigismund II Augustus transferred to his crown clerk E. Vysotsky. At the beginning of the XVII century, the material of the ruins of the church was used to build the Dominican church in Kiev [1] .
In 1614, a wooden church was built on the site of an ancient temple, which was burned by the Poles in 1651. Soon the church was rebuilt, rebuilt in 1744, and in 1861 - 1863 a small stone church was built on the site of the church according to the project of Konstantin Ton [1] , which lasted until the middle of World War II. When crossing the Dnieper during the Lutezh operation, the temple was used by German troops as an observation post, as a result of which it was destroyed by the advancing Soviet troops. After the massive bombing from the original structure, only the remains of the walls were preserved. In a ruined state and complete desolation, the temple lasted until the end of the 1980s . In 1991, the temple was restored according to preserved sketches [5] [6] .
Excavations of the ancient temple have been carried out since 1816 . During archaeological work in 1951, the foundations of the temple were fully revealed and its architectural appearance was established. Borisoglebskaya church was one of the largest in pre-Mongol Russia , it was a cross-domed church with a narthex , the temple was 42 meters long and 24 meters wide [7] . The walls were built of bricks, the facades were decorated with arched niches, and the roof was covered with lead. Inside the temple was a fresco painting , the floor was covered with irrigation tiles.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Borisoglebskaya church in Vyshgorod . - Orthodox Encyclopedia . - M. , 2003. - T. 6. - S. 64-65. - ISBN 5-89572-010-2 .
- ↑ Makarii (Bulgakov) . The first temples in Russia and the state of worship . History of the Russian Church . Date of treatment July 22, 2009. Archived January 26, 2012.
- ↑ Canonization of the noble princes Boris and Gleb . Date of treatment June 28, 2009. Archived January 26, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 Boris and Gleb . - Orthodox Encyclopedia . - M. , 2003. - T. 6. - S. 44-60. - ISBN 5-89572-010-2 .
- ↑ Vyshgorod, the Cathedral of the Holy Martyrs Boris and Gleb . Date of treatment August 8, 2009. Archived April 4, 2012.
- ↑ Official site of Vyshgorod . Date of treatment August 8, 2009. Archived April 4, 2012.
- ↑ Kolpakova G.S. Art of Ancient Russia. - The alphabet is classic. - SPb, 2007.- T. 6. - S. 125-126. - ISBN 978-5-352-02088-3 .