Project 56-EM destroyers

Project 56-M destroyers; type "Bedovy"
; DBK " Elusive " of the project 56-M, 1970 .
Project
A country	the USSR;
Manufacturers	No. 445 ,; No. 190 ,; No. 199;
Operators	USSR Navy;
In the ranks	Excluded from the Navy
Main characteristics
Displacement	standard 2,767 t; total 3 315 t
Length	126.1 m
Width	12.7 m
Draft	4.3 m
Power	72 000 l. with.
Speed	maximum; 39.0 knots; economical; 14.0 knots
Sailing range	3,900 miles; at 14 knots
Crew	270 (including 19 officers)
Armament
Artillery	4x4 ZIF-75
Missile weapons	1 × launcher SM-59 (8 anti- ship missiles KSShch )
Anti-submarine weapons	2 × RBU-2500
Mine torpedo armament	2 × TA 533 mm

Project 56-M destroyers , also known as the Bedovy type ( NATO code is Kildin), are the type of destroyers built for the Soviet Navy in the 1950s . A total of 4 units were laid down (the fifth destroyer was never laid down), of which the first - the lead destroyer " Bedovy ", was laid down under project 56 (artillery and torpedo ship), but was re-equipped with a missile during the construction (project 56-EM) ^[2] . The rest were built according to the project 56-M, but practically did not differ from the prototype. Three of them were modernized according to project 56-U.

Content

Project 56-M

Representatives: “ Bedovy ”, “ Perspicacious ”, “ Elusive ”, “ Expendable ”.

Project 56 modernized destroyer , created as a special carrier for several ship shells " Pike " (KSSC), NATO code - SS-N-1 Scrubbe. Land-to-ground anti-ship missile, KSSh was developed in the late 40s of the XX century in the USSR . Initially, it was intended to be launched from aircraft and coastal launchers , however, it was customary to use it in the fleet as well ^[3] .

As a result, in order to fit eight three-ton missiles (displacement increased by 85 tons), one of the 130-mm SM-2-1 turrets had to be removed, and five-pipe torpedo tubes replaced with two-pipe ones.

Armament

Anti-ship weapons
- SM-59 launcher, for launching 8 missiles KSSh (Ship projectile "Pike");
- Management System SU "Cypress-56M";
Artillery systems
- Four four-barrel 57-mm machine gun ZIF-75;
Anti-submarine
- Two double-tube 533 mm torpedo tubes (TA);
- Two rocket launchers RBU-2500 (for the RSL-25 shell; 128 pcs.);

Project 56-EM

Representatives: " Bedov ".

As a result of the fact that the reloading and preparation of the KSSh for the next shot took a lot of time, an attempt was made to fit on board not one, but two SM-59 units. As a result, the “Displacement” displacement increased (standard to 2,890 tons , full to 3,347 tons), and the maximum speed did not exceed 38.0 knots . Also, instead of the four-barrel 57-mm ZIF-75 submachine guns, the 45 mm SM-20-ZIF submachine guns stood on the Bedovoy ^[4] .

Project 56-U

Representatives: “ Bedovy ”, “ Shrewd ”, “Elusive” .

The KSSh complex was declared obsolete and insolvent, as a result of which it was replaced with two automatic 76-mm AK-276 units and four anti -aircraft missile systems for the P-15M Termite ( NATO code - SS-N-2 Styx).

Project Succession Scheme

Continuity of Soviet destroyer projects

Project 956

1969

1967

AO

AB

PLO

URO

ZURO

1965

Project 1134A

1963

Project 56A

Project 1134

1961

Project 56K

1959

Project 56PLO

Project 58

1957

Project 57bis

Project 56M

1955

"Light coloured"

1953

Project 56

1951

1949

Project 41

1947

Representatives

All ships went into operation as destroyers , and on May 19, 1966 were reclassified to the class of the Big Rocket Ship (DBK) ^[5] .

Title	Factory number	Pledged	Launched	Put into operation	Affiliation	Status
" Poor "	1024	1953	1955	1958	Black Sea Fleet	Decommissioned and sold for metal in 1989
" Discerning "	1210	1956	1957	1958	Black Sea Fleet , KBF	Decommissioned and disbanded in 1991
The Elusive	743/765	1957	1958	1958	BF , BSF	Retired in 1990 and sold in 1991
The Expendables	88	1957	1958	1958	Pacific Fleet	Retired in 1987
"Indomitable"	89					Discontinued

Invincible

October 17, 1955 EM "Indomitable" was added to the list of ships of the Navy , but the construction was never started. “Invincible” even received a serial number (No. 89) at factory No. 199 in Komsomolsk-on-Amur , but was never laid down.

Project Evaluation

Project 56-EM destroyers became the first carrier ships of guided anti-ship weapons in the world. Built on the basis of the already well-developed Project 56 hull, they represented a cheap and reliable response to the multiple superiority of the NATO Navy in heavy artillery ships (heavy cruisers and battleships)

Ships of this class (like project 57) were considered as a means of strengthening the fleets of conventional destroyers and light cruisers, which was supposed to effectively neutralize heavy cruisers and battleships of the enemy before the battle.

As part of the doctrine of its application, the destroyers of the 56-EM project were quite effective for the period 1950-1960.

Notes

↑ Kazachkov R. No. 190 Northern Shipyard, Leningrad (Russian) (unavailable link) . Catalog of slipway (factory) numbers of ships and vessels of the Navy of the USSR and Russia . Naval collection. Date of treatment July 17, 2009. Archived August 21, 2014.
↑ EM “ Bedovy ” was the first ship in the USSR Navy armed with anti-ship missile weapons .
↑ Large rocket ship "Insightful" (Russian) (inaccessible link) . IR Black Sea Fleet . Date of treatment July 20, 2009. Archived on October 6, 2008.
↑ Large missile ship "Bedovy" (Russian) (inaccessible link) . IR Black Sea Fleet . Date of treatment July 20, 2009. Archived on August 28, 2008.
↑ Berezhnoy S. Destroyers of the “Bedovy” type (project 56-EM and 56-M) // “Marine Collection”: Journal. - 1995. - No. 1 .

[ssz190-1] Kazachkov R. No. 190 Northern Shipyard, Leningrad (Russian) (unavailable link) . Catalog of slipway (factory) numbers of ships and vessels of the Navy of the USSR and Russia . Naval collection. Date of treatment July 17, 2009. Archived August 21, 2014.

[2] EM “ Bedovy ” was the first ship in the USSR Navy armed with anti-ship missile weapons .

[3] Large rocket ship "Insightful" (Russian) (inaccessible link) . IR Black Sea Fleet . Date of treatment July 20, 2009. Archived on October 6, 2008.

[4] Large missile ship "Bedovy" (Russian) (inaccessible link) . IR Black Sea Fleet . Date of treatment July 20, 2009. Archived on August 28, 2008.

[5] Berezhnoy S. Destroyers of the “Bedovy” type (project 56-EM and 56-M) // “Marine Collection”: Journal. - 1995. - No. 1 .