Dobla, double Maravedi ( Spanish: dobla, doublon, doblon ) - originally the Spanish name for the golden Arabic dinar , equal in value to the two “relieved” Maravedi ( Spanish dobla maravedí - Dobla Maravedi ), then - its own Spanish gold coin minted as an imitation of dinar .
The issue of doble was begun by Alfons XI (1312–1350) and continued until 1497, when it was replaced by ducato ( Spanish ducat ) [1] [2] [3] .
Some varieties of extras were called “ castellano ” (“Castilian extras”) and “ extras ” .
Content
Appearance and Coinage History
The prototype of the medieval gold coins of Spain and Portugal was the Arabian gold dinar (originally 4.25 g of gold), which in turn was an imitation of the Byzantine solid [4] [5] . Since 1087, the dinar was minted by the Almoravids , including the territory of southern Spain. These coins were called “ marabotino ” or “ almorabitino ” ( Spanish: morabetino from murabit , one of the status of Muslim saints, al-Murabitun - plural from murabit ).
Between 1112 and 1223, under the influence of the dinar of Almoravids, the production of gold coins began directly in Spain and Portugal (sometimes with the preservation of the Kufic inscriptions of the prototype), which were called " Maravedi " ( Spanish maravedi from the Arabic marabotino ). Initially, it was a coin weighing about 3.9 grams with a pure gold content of about 3.46 grams, but over time it became noticeably easier. In addition, coins equivalent to 1 ⁄ 2 dinar or 3 ⁄ 5 relieved maravedi were issued. Sometimes they were called “ masmudina ” ( Spanish masmudina ), sometimes, like larger coins, “ maravedi ”. Under Alfonso X (1252–1284), the maravedi turned into a bill coin - a white maravedi ( Spanish: maravedi blanco - maravedi blanco ) [6] [7] .
During the period of decreasing gold content in Maravedi, the Arabian gold dinar that retained its weight began to be called “double Maravedi”, “Dobla” ( Spanish: dobla maravedí - Dobla Maravedi ). As a result, Alfonso XI (1312–1350) issued a new coin with the total weight of a dinar or double maravedi (4.6 grams), which was called “Castilian doble” or simply “doba” ( Spanish: dobla castelana - doba castellano ) and amounted to 40 Maravedi, already billon. On the obverse was a Castilian castle with three turrets and a circular legend REX CASTELLE was minted. On the reverse is the lion and the circular legend REX LEGIONIS. Later, other types appeared: for example, a Juan II coin weighing 4.68 grams was called "dobla with a ribbon", " doblo " ( Spanish dobla de la banda - dobla de la banda ).
In addition to the proper extras, fractional denominations were minted at 1 ⁄ 2 extras (the denomination was denoted by the Latin numeral “XX” - 20 maravedi) and 1 ⁄ 4 extras (“X” - 10 maravedi), as well as multiple ones at 10 and 20 extras, weighing respectively 45 and 90 grams [1] [2] .
The issue of doble and its derivatives continued until 1497, when the minting of imitations of ducatu - ducato ( Spanish ducat ) [1] [2] [3] was started in Spain.
Impact
One of the first varieties of Dobla - Castilian Dobla ( Dobla Castellano ) or Castellano ( Spanish: dobla castelana, castelano ) - subsequently became the standard of weight, a unit of measurement of the mass of gold, equal to 4.6-4.7 grams [8] .
Another variety - Dobla with a ribbon ( Dobla de la Banda ) or Doblado ( Spanish doblado ) - was used as the name of the gold coins of Argentina and Ecuador weighing 6.7 grams and denomination 2 escudos , which were minted between 1824 and 1890 [9] [ 10] .
In modern times, Spanish doubloons were sometimes called dobs [2] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 NS, 1980 , Dobla, doubloon .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 CH, 1993 , Dobla .
- ↑ 1 2 Money and its Value (Appendix 2) // Edwards J. Christian Córdoba: The city and its region in the late Middle Ages. - 1982
- ↑ National Assembly, 1980 , Dinar .
- ↑ CH, 1993 , Dinar .
- ↑ National Assembly, 1980 , Maravedi .
- ↑ CH, 1993 , Maravedi .
- ↑ Light, 1963 , “ Money in Spain and Peru .”
- ↑ National Assembly, 1980 , “ Goodness .”
- ↑ CH, 1993 , " Goodness ."
Sources
- Numismatic Dictionary / [Author: Zvarich VV ]. - 4th ed .. - Lviv: High School, 1980.
- Dictionary of numismatists / [Authors: Fengler H., Girow G., Unger V.] / Per. with him. MG Arsen'eva / Ed. ed. V.M. Potin. - 2nd ed., Pererab. and additional .. - M .: Radio and communications, 1993. - ISBN 5-256-00317-8 .
- Svet Ya.M., Malkes B.N., Zhuravleva G.P., Karandashev V.D., Vilenskaya E.N., Shirokova V.F. The discovery of the great Amazon River . - M .: Geografgiz, 1963.