Tungsten is a mineral , tungsten ore , iron and manganese tungstate , belongs to a subclass of complex oxides . The name comes from it. Wolf Rahm ("wolf cream", "wolf cream"), and due to the fact that tungsten, accompanying tin ores in the composition of wolframite, interfered with the smelting of tin , translating it into slag foam ("devouring tin like a wolf sheep").
| Wolframite | |
|---|---|
 Wolframite from portugal | |
| Formula | (FeMn) WO 4 |
| Impurity | Iron, Calcium, Magnesium, Copper, Niobium |
| Physical properties | |
| Colour | Black, dark brown |
| Color features | Black brown |
| Shine | Metal |
| Transparency | Opaque |
| Hardness | 5 - 5.5 |
| Cleavage | Perfect |
| Kink | Uneven; fragile |
| Density | 7.1 - 7.5 g / cm³ |
| Syngony | Monoclinic |
| Refractive index | 1,616 - 1,652 |
Content
Properties
The composition of wolframite in percent: Mn O - 11.70; Fe O - 11.85; WO 3 - 76.46.
Forms black-brown tabular and prismatic crystals , needle and granular dense solid aggregates, blotches.
Varieties
Wolframite is the middle member of the isomorphic series:
ferberite , extreme glandular member, black, dark brown, dark brown features, prismatic elongated crystals, opaque, contains FeWO 4 over 80%). Named in 1863 in honor of German amateur mineralogist Moritz Ferber (1805–1875) [1] .
hubnerite (named after German mining engineer Adolph Hubner ( Adolph Hubner )), the extreme manganese member of the series, brown with a reddish tinge, the color of the line is yellow-brown, contains FeWO 4 less than 20%, manganese - up to 23.4%, transparent in thin chips ).
Education Conditions
It accumulates in placers, forms in high - temperature hydrothermal quartz and pneumatolytic veins and greisens in association with arsenopyrite , beryl , bismuthin , cassiterite , molybdenite , muscovite , topaz , fluorite , and sometimes with antimonite . Wolfram can be replaced by scheelite pseudomorphically.
Deposits
Main manifestations: China , Myanmar , Bolivia , USA ( California , Texas , Idaho , Colorado , Connecticut ), Portugal , Russia (Eastern Transbaikalia , Karachay-Cherkessia , North Ossetia ), Ukraine ( Zhytomyr region ), Great Britain ( Cumbria , Cornwall ) , Germany ( Saxony ), Poland ( Upper Silesia ), Denmark ( Greenland ), Australia , New Zealand .
Application
Along with scheelite is the most important ore of tungsten.
With a high content of Nb , Sc , Ta in the mineral, they can be extracted along the way. Prized by collectors .
Literature
- Schumann, V. The World of Stone. Rocks and minerals. - M .: Mir, 1986. p. 158.
Notes
- ↑ Liebe KLT Ferberite. Ferberit // Jahrb. Min. 1863, 641.