Ernesto Cardenal Martínez ( Spanish: Ernesto Cardenal Martínez , born January 20, 1925 , Granada ) - Nicaraguan revolutionary , politician and statesman, poet , writer , literary critic ; a Christian socialist , a Jesuit , then a Trappist priest , who, like his brother Fernando , became a member of the SFNO . A major theoretician of liberation theology . [1] [2] Winner of the 2012 Ibero-American Poetry Award named after Queen Sofia [3] . A relative of Antonio Cardenal .
| Ernesto Cardenal Martinez | |
|---|---|
| Ernesto Cardenal Martínez | |
 | |
| Date of Birth | January 20, 1925 ( 94) |
| Place of Birth | Granada , Nicaragua |
| Citizenship |  Nicaragua |
| Occupation | revolutionary , poet , writer , priest |
| Education | |
| Religion | |
| The consignment | Sandinista National Liberation Front ; Sandinista Update Movement |
| Main ideas | theology of liberation |
| Awards | [d] German Booksellers Peace Prize ( October 12, 1980 ) [d] ( 2009 ) Queen Sofia Prize for Ibero-American Poetry ( 2012 ) [d] ( 2014 ) Honorary Doctor ( March 4, 2017 ) [d] ( 1987 ) [d] ( 1987 ) |
| Autograph | |
Content
- 1 Biography
- 2 Literary work
- 3 Recognition
- 4 notes
- 5 Links
Biography
Coming from a wealthy aristocratic merchant family. He began to write poetry as a child. He received a philosophical and philological education in Mexico City and the USA , where he studied American literature at the graduate school of Columbia University ; traveled a lot in Latin America and Europe.
Returning to his homeland in 1949, he was involved in political activity, participating in an underground struggle against the dictatorship of Somosa . He claims that although he never had to use weapons, he was ready for this, since he was guided by the idea of Mahatma Gandhi that non-violence is better than violence, and violence is better than cowardice and betrayal.
In 1954, he took part in the organization of an attempt to overthrow the dictatorship of Somosa by armed means. The uprising failed, and Cardenal was forced to emigrate to the United States, where he became a Catholic monk. He went to a monastery in Kentucky , where he met Thomas Merton - also a monk-poet, whose poetry Cardenal had previously translated into Spanish. Merton encouraged his colleague not to abandon the social and political problems of his people and to continue his social activities.
In 1965 he accepted the rank of priest of the Jesuit Order and from 1965 to 1977 he led the commune village founded by him on an island in the middle of Lake Nicaragua , where the poor peasants (mostly of Indian origin) studied literacy , painted paintings in the style of primitivism , were engaged in folk crafts and studied Marxism .
When the Somos authorities learned about the connections between Cardenal and the Sandinist partisans, government forces (the National Guard ) destroyed the commune, burned the library and destroyed the Museum of Folk Art created on the island. [4] At the insistence of the SFDF, Cardenal took refuge with the partisans; accused of incitement to attack the barracks in San Carlos, he was sentenced in absentia by somosists to 18 years in prison.
He emigrated to Costa Rica , and the Sandinista Front authorized him, as an international emissary, to develop a network of international solidarity with Nicaragua; among the people who, at Cardenal's insistence, made donations to the struggling Sandinists, was Gabriel Garcia Marquez .
Minister of Culture in the Sandinista Government from its inception as a result of the victory of the Sandinista Revolution in 1979 until 1987, when the ministry was dissolved due to financial problems. His brother Fernando was appointed Minister of Education in the same government.
Ernesto Cardenal advocated a “revolution without revenge”, but his theological views were publicly obstructed by Pope John Paul II during the latter’s visit to Nicaragua in 1983. He was expelled from the Jesuit Order and on February 4, 1984 excommunicated from the church by the decision of the Roman Curia due to the incompatibility of the priesthood with public office in accordance with the Rules of the Holy Apostles. [2] In fact, the decision regarding Ernesto Cardenal, like his brother Fernando and Miguel d'Escoto Brockmann , was directed against the theology of liberation . The decision to erupt him was canceled by Pope Francis on August 4, 2014.
In 1994, he left the SFSS due to disagreements with the leadership of the Front, then joined the Sandinista Renewal Movement . Reunited with the Church and resumed pastoral service, joining the Order of Trappists . He acknowledges himself as a communist and a Christian, insisting that the early Christians were also the first communists. He continues to criticize the current leadership of the SFNO from left-wing positions for authoritarianism , the cult of personality , betrayal of the revolution and reconciliation with capitalism. He calls President Daniel Ortega a villain, and power in Nicaragua - a family dictatorship. [1] [5]
Literary work
Back in 1950, he wrote the poem Walker in Nicaragua about the North American adventurer William Walker , who intervened in Latin American countries to subjugate them. Poetry collections “Hour„ 0 “” (1960), “Epigrams” (1961), “Psalms” (1969), “Praise to the American Indians” (1969), “Prayer for Marilyn Monroe and other verses” (1965) brought fame to Cardenal. ), “Life in Love” (1970), as well as politicized journalism: “In Cuba” (1972), “The Gospel on Solentinam” (1975) and other works. However, his lyrics also concentrate on civil and political motives: one of his most famous poems, “Hour 0,” is dedicated to Nicaraguan national hero Cesar Augusto Sandino , and Epigrams ridicule the somosist regime.
Recognition
Winner of the Peace Prize of German booksellers ( 1981 ). He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature ( 2005 ), and was also awarded the Order of Ruben Dario . [6] In 2012, received the Ibero-American Queen of Sophia Poetry Award. In the same year he was awarded the Honoris causa degree from the University of Huelva. [7]
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Ernesto Cardenal Martinez. About the Kingdom of Heaven and Latin America. http://9e-maya.com/index.php?page=2061
- ↑ 1 2 Stanislav Minin. Marxist priests and the new Thomas More. Independent newspaper. 12/06/2006 http://www.ng.ru/ng_religii/2006-12-06/4_nikaragua.html
- ↑ Spain in Russian: Ernesto Cardenal awarded the Queen Sofia Sofia Poetry Award 2012
- ↑ Ernesto Cardenal http://poeti.biz
- ↑ In Nicaragua, a conflict erupts between President Daniel Ortega and the famous poet, priest Ernesto Cardenal
- ↑ Cardenal, Ernesto . poeti.biz. Date of treatment November 16, 2012. Archived November 21, 2012.
- ↑ Investidura como Doctores Honoris Causa de Pelechano, Cardenal y Sternberg . uhu (June 1, 2012). Date of treatment November 16, 2012. Archived November 21, 2012.