Lem, Ivan Mikhailovich

Until 1755 he studied with the artist I. E. Grimmel in the Drawing Chamber of the Academy of Sciences. After that, he became a student of the architect S. I. Chevakinsky . At the same time, he demonstrated a tendency towards science and literature, as well as towards practical architecture.

In 1774, Lem received the title of "for the architect", followed by the award of the title of architect. In 1774–1796 he served in the Commission on the stone structure of St. Petersburg and Moscow, as well as the architect of the St. Petersburg office of the buildings, when the new general plan of St. Petersburg was revised and amended. The Commission on the Buildings of St. Petersburg and Moscow also led the development of master plans for many cities in Russia.

Being a parishioner of the wooden Vvedenskaya church that existed since 1732, he prepared a project and then built a new stone church at the place of Vvedenskaya and Bolshaya Pushkarskaya streets in its place in the style of strict classicism. It was founded in 1793 and completed in 1810 (the church was demolished in 1932)

In 1778, he drafted exemplary facades to use them in construction in the cities of the Russian Empire. Then in the 1780s, the architect drafted master plans for cities, Irkutsk , Oranienbaum , Perm, and others. The architect strictly followed the canons of classicism, introducing symmetry into the chaotic layout of the ancient Russian cities, imposing a geometrically regular street grid of roads on the preserved buildings. The symmetry requirement typical of classicism was fulfilled by the architect even in those projects where he retreated from strict adherence to the classic canons.

The craving for literature and scientific creativity that manifested itself at the beginning of a career led to the fact that in the history of Russian architecture, Lem will first of all remain a prominent city planner and a prominent theoretical theorist. His writings were reprinted many times. These include "The experience of urban and rural buildings, or the Guide to thorough knowledge to produce all kinds of buildings" (1785), "Rules on the prospect" (1791), "Theoretical and practical proposals on civil architecture (With the explanation of the rules of Vitruvius , Palladium , Serlius , Vignoly , Blondel and others) "(1792-1794)," Inscription with practical guidance on how to build different buildings. (With the rules of decoration and arrangement, such as churches, pleasure houses, rural dwellings, employees for permanent or temporary stay, service, mills, locks, dams, wooden and stone various institutions) "(1803-1818)," Inscription of the Ancients and the present time of diverse buildings, such as temples, `houses, gardens, statues, trophies, obelisks, pyramids and other decorations describing how to locate and produce different buildings with an explanation of the measures and materials used" 1803-11818 ". All these works were different excellent foundation nostyu.

The architect died July 8, 1810. ^[one]

He is the author of a number of city plans, including plans for Verkhoturye , Irbit , Romanov , Syzran , Alatyr , Kashin , Murom , etc. In 1770, he developed a series of exemplary projects for Vladimir . Architect Medico-Surgical Academy .

Author of scientific papers:

• "The experience of urban and rural buildings or a guide to the thorough knowledge of producing all kinds of buildings" (1785)
• Prospective Rules (1791)
• “Theoretical and practical proposals on civil architecture, with the explanation of the rules of Vitruvius, Palladio, Serlio, Vignola, Blondel, etc.” (1792-1794)
• “The inscription of ancient and modern times of various buildings, such as: temples, houses, gardens, statues, trophies, obelisks, pyramids and other decorations” (1803)
• “The outline with practical instructions on how to build different buildings, with the rules of decoration and location, such as churches, pleasure houses, rural dwellings, employees for permanent or temporary stay of services, mills, locks, dams, wooden and stone different institutions” ( 1803)

• Metropolitan Eugene . The Dictionary of Russian Secular Writers, vol. I, pp. 6-7.
• Gennadi . “Reference Dictionary of Russian Writers and Scientists”, vol. II, p. 230.
• When writing this article, material from A. A. Polovtsov ’s Russian Biographical Dictionary (1896–1918) was used. Lem, Ivan